Imali kunye nemisebenzi ngetyala kweebhanki. imisebenzi banking

Bank njenge ukusekwa yorhwebo unako ukunika iinkonzo inani elikhulu kwiinkonzo zemali, kodwa siya kwenziwa iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili yemicimbi - cash and ngetyala. Yintoni ingakumbi bobabini? Xa oko ndizilandile nje ixabiso zombini iindidi imicimbi ukusuka kwindawo imbono yophuhliso kwiziko lamatyala?

Ingakumbi iintengiselwano imali kwiibhanki

Zeziphi imisebenzi nemali yeebhanki? Kwabo wavuma ukuba ukwamkeleka kwemali kunye nezinye izinto zexabiso ezivela kumaziko zemali uhanjiselo-zebhanki, kwakunye kunikezelo asethi okanye nezinye zabemi isicelo. Bank yiKheshiya isoloko kuthathwa njengomnye asethi zeziko kakhulu elulwelo, kodwa kokwabo i ephantsi imivuzo. Eyona njongo yale imisebenzi ekuthethwa, - lokuququzelela inkqubo yenkonzo yomxhasi lombutho ngetyala. cash flow kule meko ilawulwa nemigaqo ekhutshwa yi-Central Bank kakhulu, nto leyo eye ubume kwiziko wokunciphisa yesizwe.

Cash intengiselwano beebhanki Russian iindawo ezinkulu umsebenzi kwezoqoqosho amaziko achaphazelekayo. Ukuthatha imali evela kubathengi - intlangano abantu, amaqumrhu asemthethweni, kwandisa zolondolozo ezikhoyo, nto leyo kamva zingasetyenziswa kwimisebenzi inzuzo kakhulu, ikakhulu enxulumene kunikezelo mboleko - abucala, loshishino. Ibhanki uyakwazi ukufumana ingeniso engaphezulu kwi imali eziinkozo, ezifana zibiza imali kunikezelo ngemali kwiimeko ezithile (ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kusebenza bakhupha ingeniso kunye akhawunti cash lokuhlaliswa kwamashishini).

imisebenzi Imali beebhanki zenziwa ngokwe-siseko ilandelayo:

- cash flow lwenziwa ngokuhambelana nemigangatho emiselwe yi-Central Bank of the Russian Federation;

- ukufakwa kwemali olwenziwe kwi-akhawunti yangaphakathi yeziko ngetyala;

- ukusekwa imida namasalela iphunyeziwe ngokwemigaqo nemimiselo.

Kukho zenyathi olwahlukileyo ukusetyenziswa kwemali - abo zenziwa komlawuli, i-Central Bank. Iza kuba luncedo ukuba ukuhlola iinkcukacha zabo ezithile.

Iintengiselwano Cash Bank of Russia

Ngoko, hayi kuphela iibhanki zorhwebo ukuphatha imicimbi yemali, kodwa ulawulo lwamatyala - CBR. Bona zenziwa ngaphakathi sikhokelo kweenkonzo kwamaziko abucala ngokwesiseko kwekhontrakthi. Ezi imisebenzi zikuvumela ukuba:

- ukwenza nokubunjwa ukujika cash yeziko yorhwebo ngetyala;

- ukuqinisekisa iintlawulo olungele ukusebenza kwi-akhawunti umxhasi yelo ngabanye okanye amaqumrhu asemthethweni;

- ukwenza transfer kwangethuba imali kwiibhanki kwi iimfuno umda.

Ewiliko nganye imisebenzi ye-Central Bank of the Russian Federation licebisa ukuba balandele imigaqo esemthethweni ekunene isilawuli okanye nemimiselo yendawo. Cinga ngoko ke imicimbi ezinkozo ebhankini ukwenza imisebenzi ulawulo nolwaluso kwi udumo kwiimalike zemali, sihlolisisa nkcukacha eendawo zaphunyezwa zorhwebo iinkqubo ezinjalo.

Cash intengiselwano kunye namaziko orhwebo ngetyala

iibhanki zabucala ukuphumeza imicimbi yemali, ezo ezijoliswe nesevisi yabathengi - abantu bendalo okanye amaqumrhu asemthethweni. Kwangaxeshanye, izithethe ekhutshwe komlawuli - i-Central Bank of the Russian Federation. lwabasaqala iibhanki, apho kwenziwa abangakwaziyo woqoqosho ngetyala kunye karhulumente mali, kwanciphisa:

- lokufumana imali;

- kunikezelo imali.

Iqela lokuqala imisebenzi uthatha ukuba umthengi okanye iqabane iziko uthumela imali:

- ngemali;

- kubaqokeleli, ngubani na ke nokudlulisela imali ebhankini;

- Imibutho naye, ezo ke atshintshelwe ngemali kwiziko lamatyala ngu indlela non-cash.

Ukurhoxiswa kwemali kwiimeko ezininzi ngqo kwiziko zemali yebhanki ofisi ibhokisi. Ukuba imali kufuneka iqumrhu elisemthethweni, imveliso yayo kwenziwa ngokusekelwe yamaxwebhu ukuqinisekisa inkcitho ekujoliswe imali axhasayo.

Imisebenzi osethilini

Banks abandakanyeke imicimbi yemali, iingcali abanobuchwephese kolu hlobo lomsebenzi ukusebenza - bemali. Banoxanduva ukumiselwa echanekileyo kwezi mali ezakufumaneka umxhasi, okanye, icala, kunikezelo, ukubhalisa ngendlela akhawunti kwaye aqinisekise amaxwebhu ayimfuneko. Osethilini kwakhona ibonelela yokugcina ekhuselekileyo imali - esebenzisa, umzekelo, ibhokisi idipozithi ukhuseleko. umsebenzi iprofayile ehambelana neyobungcali nako kulawulwa kakhulu ngokungqongqo ngumthetho.

Uthintelo iintengiselwano yemali

umthetho Russian inika iqela imiqathango ukusetyenziswa iintlawulo eziziinkozo. Ngoko ke, imali iintengiselwano basis of iibhanki akhawunti akwi amaqumrhu asemthethweni, ukufezekiswa kwazo kuphela xa imida yomthetho kwisixa. Kwelinye icala, ezi imicimbi ngaphakathi akhawunti abantu, ngokunjalo kweentlawulo phakathi kwabantu kunye nemibutho sikwazi wenziwe ngokukhululekileyo, ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo izibalo ngemali.

CCV isicelo imisebenzi imali

Eyona nkalo ibalulekileyo imicimbi - isicelo of CCP, oko kukuthi, iirejista imali. kufuneka Olu hlobo kwezibonelelo kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuphunyezwa abafumana nasekukhupheni imali kwiibhanki. CCV kuhlala liziko mali kufuneka kuqala zifakwe, yaye, okwesibini, ukuqinisekisa imicimbi ezichanekileyo zokubala. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba CCP lisetyenziswa iimeko xa umthengi uhlawula into nokusebenzisa ikhredithi khadi - akukho mali ngaphandle kwemali.

Imicimbi ekuthethwa yenziwa kunye neebhanki kuthathelwa ingqalelo imigangatho eyenza ingqeqesho imali. Siza kufunda iimpawu zazo ngokweenkcukacha.

nokuziphatha Imali kwi izibalo: yintoni Okukodwa wayo?

Imithetho NdinguMenzi uqeqesho imali, ingaba:

- ekhutshwe umlawuli;

- siqulunqwe ebhankini, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimfuno abatyali-mali kunye nabaphathi - phantsi kwelungiselelo ukuba ngaba uthe amalungiselelo ziboniswe kwi imithombo esemthethweni.

Ezi imida zibekiwe:

- Inkqubo jikelele ukwenzela ukuthenga imali;

- imithetho yokugcina, ukuthuthwa kwemali.

Imithetho ezifanelekileyo zithathwa ukuba ngokwanelisayo zingqongqo. I-credit kunye namaziko ezemali accounting ngokuthenga (iibhanki, ezinxulumene nazo zombini ezi abucala kunye noluntu) ikhutshwa phandle ukuba kukho izibonelelo eziyimfuneko ekuqhubeni ingqeqesho imali. Ubukho balo - enye indlela yokukhupha iimvume kwiziko lemali Umlawuli-bank. Ngaphandle uxwebhu yogunyaziso ohambelana ukusebenza ibhanki akanalo ilungelo.

Kukho inani elikhulu nezinye iikhrayitheriya ikutshoyo ukwamkeleka ngumnini welayisenisi kwiziko lamatyala. Phakathi kwabo - umkhosi engqongqo yokuziphatha yemali, kwakunye nemiqathango yomthetho olawula imicimbi yemali. Kubaluleke kakhulu kulo mzekelo, Kakade ke, kufuneka izikhombisi zoqoqosho kunye nokusekwa, kodwa umgangatho nolawulo ibhanki leyo luqinisekiswa kakhulu iqondo nokugcina ingqeqesho imali. Apha izakhono ezibalulekileyo titshala abasebenza entlanganweni, ithuba iziseko zawo, ukusebenza kweenkqubo zolawulo.

Owayengumphathi - element esisiseko kwezibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukuphunyezwa ngawo imicimbi engekenziwa elunxwemeni lomlambo. It imelwe kuvamise ukuba iintlobo ezimbalwa, nto leyo ixhomekeke ngobungakanani ngetyala kwaye umbutho zemali, nohlobo iinkonzo inikeza. Makhe sifunde nkcukacha ze nasemagumbini iibhanki 'ngakumbi.

Iimpawu wombutho we-ofisi

Umsebenzi Uyilo ezingundoqo iibhanki ezinxulumene kunye nengeniso kwemali olwenziwe phantsi ntlobo zilandelayo eziphambili kwemali:

- kweerisithi (bona ukuba bafumana imali abathengi okanye amaqabane);

- Izinto zokusetyenziswa (cash banikwa khona);

- yokutshintshana;

- recalculation of yimali.

Ukuphunyezwa iintengiselwano cash ezahlukeneyo kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokusekelwe iivawutsha zangaphakathi. Bona eyenziwe yomqeshwa ebhankini, amaxesha amaninzi - umamkeli-mali. La maxwebhu makaqhubele itywina, ezinye iziqalelo uqinisekisa umthombo ngobunyani kusetyenziswa. Kudla iintengiselwano banks zokuhlala kuphunyezwa kumgaqo window eyodwa.

Mhlawumbi iibhanki ezininzi mihla kufuneka-ATM zabo, apho imali banikwa kubaxumi zabo ngokuzenzekelayo. Le nkqubo busenza ukuba ukuba eli ziko abathengi-bank zemali amakhadi zeplastiki ekhutshwe ebhankini.

nokukhutshwa kunokwenzeka of ATM cash iziko omnye kubemi ukuba phezu amakhadi, leyo zikhutshwa kwenye ibhanki. Kulo mzekelo, iziko nga Ukongezelela, imali xa zibiza imali yenkonzo nabaxhamli neminye imibutho. Kodwa le nkqubo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ikhadi zeplastiki ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise enye iinkqubo yentlawulo, ethi ixhaswe yibhanki elungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa ATM ne ekufumaneni.

Kunye ATM, amaziko zemali bakhuthalele zibandakanya ezinjengeetheminali intlawulo - ukuze, ke, bafumana imali abathengi kunye efakwe kwi-akhawunti zabo. Le elandelayo Iqela ibalulekileyo kokusebenza kweshishini ngaseludinini - lekhredithi zentengiselwano. Cinga iinkcukacha zabo ezithile.

Ingakumbi imisebenzi credit

imisebenzi Credit beebhanki, njengoko kulula ukulandela, ngokusekelwe amagama abo ukuba ezinxulumene ne-mboleko ezinikwa amaziko achaphazelekayo. Bathi ezisemthethweni, eqhotyoshelwe kwisivumelwano esikhethekileyo kunye client. Njengoko kwimeko imicimbi yemali, iinkonzo lunganikezelwa kubantu okanye amaqumrhu asemthethweni. Le mvumelwano ubeka imali indlela ibhanki unika umboleki kwaye phantsi kweziphi iimeko - ngokwemiqathango wenzala kunye ixesha imali.

Kukho kakhulu iintlobo ezimbalwa lekhredithi zentengiselwano. Bangakwazi zihlelwe ngokusekelwe isabelo sabo icandelo elithile. Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi ngetyala weebhanki esinxulunyaniswa kunye neemarike:

- yokubolekisa komthengi;

- mortgages;

- mboleko corporate.

Ngalinye kwicandelo ekhethiweyo iphawulwa indlela ibhanki ethile ukuze ukuyilwa kwizivumelwano zeentengo zemboleko. Ngenxa yoko, entsimini mboleko nkonzo kubaxumi kwixesha elifutshane ixesha, ipesenti ephezulu, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphandle izibambiso. I-mboleko mortgage idla ixesha elide, ezirhuqwa amaqondo enzala aphantsi kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi - kunye isiqinisekiso ngokohlobo lwezindlu ezithengiweyo. mboleko Corporate - ingakumbi xa kuziwa siboleka kumashishini amakhulu, ingachazwa ngumnqweno beebhanki kunye kubaboleki ukumisela imiqathango ngamnye kwesivumelwano, kuxhomekeka kwisikali lweshishini, inzuzo yalo, imbali yekhredithi.

Omnye umbandela ukuhlelwa imisebenzi yamatyala - format mboleko. Zezi:

- primary;

- Ukunikwa izivumelwano mboleko.

ityala Primary - ubuhlobo osemthethweni umntu okanye iqumrhu wangena phantsi kwayo ibe isivumelwano kwibhanki okokuqala okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemali ukusombulula iingxaki, hayi ezinxulumene ne okuhlawula amatyala ezikhoyo. Ngenxa yoko, i-mboleko - ukusebenza uboleka, nto leyo ubudlelwane esemthethweni ngokohlobo isivumelwano semboleko kunikezelo mali ngamnye ukuhlawula amatyala akhoyo.

iibhanki zorhwebo kunye nemisebenzi zebhanki, njengoko kunjalo iinkqubo ibhokisi-ofisi ilawulwa imimiselo ye-Central Bank. Phakathi izixhobo eziphambili ziphembelela amaziko eziphambili iimarike zemali kurhulumente - izinga iqhosha. Ngeendlela ezininzi, sichaza indlela apho imibutho zoshishino laphumeza imigaqo kwimisebenzi yokubolekisa. Funda iimpawu zayo zolwimi ngokunabileyo.

rate Key njengesixhobo engundoqo yommiselo CBR

imisebenzi emininzi kakhulu Bank of Russia kungachaphazela imarike yeentengo zemboleko ngomlinganiselo wesizwe, kodwa ukusekwa rate ezingundoqo zoqoqosho bakholelwa isixhobo ibalulekileyo ukuphembelela Central Bank kwisistim yezemali karhulumente. ixabiso layo imisela ukuba kumele umdla mboleko ehlawulwa kumaziko abucala, i-Bank of Russia ukuba ukusetyenziswa ebolekiweyo imali komoya. Eli nani, nayo, ichaphazela ngqo uya kuba yintoni na ipesenti ukuba iziko yorhwebo babeza lubekwe izivumelwano zemali-mboleko kunye nabathengi bayo.

I elisezantsi izinga eziphambili Central Bank, ukuze umthetho kwimarike abolekisa zabucala, ekhuthele ngakumbi. zokunciphisa lwayo ebalulekileyo, ukongeza, ngokuqhelekileyo iyazingenela yezemali mboleko ngoku bamalungelo ithuba lokuphinda ukuboleka, kodwa ngamaxabiso aphantsi.

Izinga eliphezulu iqhosha ngokuqhelekileyo ebekwe yi-Central Bank xa kuthe kwakho imeko yengxaki kuqoqosho karhulumente. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphuculwa kwinqanaba olukhulu Ungakwazi ukucacisa ukuhla engqinelanayo isalathisi. Isiphumo inokuba ukwanda kwemfuno mboleko evela ngabanye okanye amaqumrhu asemthethweni. Kwezinye uthi, izinga iqhosha - i ncinci okanye okubi. Oku kubangelwa ngumnqweno abasemagunyeni emali ukukhulisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ubukhulu kuqoqosho.

Ukuba imarike yeentengo zemboleko nangaliphi enikwe ixesha kuhlile noko, ngoko ulawulo ibhanki nga ukomeleza umsebenzi enxulumene nophuhliso lweenkonzo, iinkonzo zolawulo lwemali abaxhasi. Isisombululo sale ngxaki negalelo oko kuxoxwa eziqhelekileyo imisebenzi zebhanki iintlobo kwiimeko ezininzi zinxulunyaniswa. Makhe sifunde kule nkalo zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Ukuzalana eziinkozo kunye credit imisebenzi yeebhanki

Ingeniso ye eziinkozo kunye kunikezelo mboleko - lwemisebenzi engundoqo yeebhanki ngokwemiqathango yenzuzo. I-njalo wokuphunyezwa yabo umisela yokuba badla lubanjwe ngexesha elinye. A umzekelo olula: kwibhanki evunywe isicelo umthengi-nkonzo yeentengo zemboleko, usayine isivumelwano kunye naye aze abuze ukuba aye osethilini ukuze ufumane imali. Ukuba umntu wenza ikhadi lamatyala - mhlawumbi ukuba naye ezingalweni zakhe, ufuna cash imali kwi-ATM. Emva koko, umntu kufuneka ihlawulwe imali kwi isikolo sakho ngetyala ukuba ahlawule elo mboleko okanye ngenjongo enye busengozini.

Into yokuba inkonzo yabathengi kunye mboleko, ibhanki isebenzisa izibonelelo esinye nesi sisetyenziswa xa imisebenzi imali eqhelekileyo, banokudlala indima entle xa kwandiswe ishishini umfuziselo iziko lemali. Ukuba ibhanki kwakuza kuba nzima ekukhuthazeni yeemveliso zemboleko yekhredithi, ngoko kuya kuba lula ukuba ukuphuhlisa imisebenzi enxulumene ngqo iinkonzo imali.

isishwankathelo

Ngoko, sihlolisise ukuba zeziphi iimali eziphambili zeebhanki, imali kunye neentengo zemali. Iyokuqala i-liquid efanelekileyo, kodwa ayiyiyo inzuzo kakhulu. Imali yemali yebhanki izisa imali, ngokukodwa ngenxa yokuthunyelwa kwekhomishini yentlangano yemboleko. Ngokuchanekileyo, bajonge phambili ukuvela kweenzuzo ngenxa yokwakhiwa kweendawo zokugcina kwiibhanki, ezinokusetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo zomsebenzi. Imisebenzi yesibini - ngokuchaseneyo, inokunyusa kakhulu intengo yeziko lemali. Ibhanki, ukukhupha imali mboleko, ngokuqhelekileyo ilindele ukufumana inzuzo ephezulu, kodwa kungenzeka ukuba umxhasi, ngenxa yobunzima bezemali, akayi kuhlawula imali mboleko.

Ulawulo lwekhredithi kunye nentlangano yezemali inquma ukuba yiyiphi imisebenzi yeebhanki eziphambili ngokubhekiselele kwimimiselo yezoqoqosho kwinqanaba elithile ngexesha. Ngeendlela ezininzi, oku kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bezinga eliphambili leCBR. Okuphakamileyo kukuba, ngokuqhelekileyo imarike yesikweletu ayinamandla kakhulu, kwaye kunengqiqo kwibhanki ukuphuhlisa ngokubanzi izikhokelo ezinxulumene neenkonzo zemali zabathengi.