Klondike yintoni? Inkcazo

Amanye amagama afanelekileyo anentsingiselo emininzi. Imibutho ethile inxulumene, kodwa encinci iyaziwa ngamanye ukutolika.

Into ethile ngegolide

Klondike - phi na? Indawo ehlala kwintsimi ye Yukon. Ihlala kwindawo enyakatho-ntshona yeKhanada, kufuphi neAlaska. Ekufuphi iidolophana ezincinci kunye noMlambo waseKlondike, owela kuMlambo wase Yukon.

Indawo yayingabonakali ngokucacileyo kude kubekho igolide efunyenwe apha. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX ummandla waba yindawo yohambo oluya kubaninzi abahambahambayo nabafunayo. Iqonga elidumiweyo legolide laseKlondike laqala ngowe-1897. Ngomnyaka kamva waphela, kodwa ukuphuculwa kweetsimbi ezixabisekileyo akuzange kume. Imayini yegolide igqityiwe .

Ngo-Agasti 1896, abathathu bafumana igolide kwibala lomlambo omncinci. Iindaba ngokukhawuleza zisasazeka, emva kwexesha zafundwa ngeYurophu. "Umkhuhlane" waqala! Oku kwaba ngumxholo wazo onke amaphephandaba kunye neengxoxo kummandla wehlabathi. Kwindawo yokuphuhlisa, iinqanawa ezinkulu zathunyelwa zibuyele ngomthwalo wegolide. I-Klondike ngumthombo owaziwayo wonkqenkqonqqqqqqshe, kwaye kuye kwaba njalo iminyaka. Iinqanawa zokuqala zafika ngeetoni zegolide!

Fever: njani?

Indawo yeemigodi zegolide ngexesha elide kwakuyiibhanki zemilambo yakwaSikstimayl kunye neFortimail. Amagama abo athola amanzi ukusuka kwimida eya kufuneka iyanqotshwa ukuze ifike kwiidolophu ezimbini ezikufuphi. I-Klondike yindawo engekude kule milambo.

Iziganeko ezininzi zexesha elithi "fever" zidibene negama likaRobert Henderson. Wafumanisa umlambo weRabbit Creek, kwaye iphantsi kwendawo yayiyixabiso elikhulu legolide. U-Henderson uxelele ibali lomnye umhambi-uGeorge Carmack, kodwa ingxoxo yavezwa yiNdiya uJim Skukum. Bona kunye noCharlie Dawson babethelwe ukuba bafumane izixhobo eziphathekayo zetsimbi. Ngubani owayengowokuqala, kunzima ukuthetha - ngamnye utshilo yakhe inguqulelo. Enye into eqinisekileyo - ukususela ngo-1896 uhambo oluhambela eKlondike lwaqala. Yindawo enhle, yaziwa eYurophu. Umlambo, emanzini apho i-nugget yafunyanwa khona, waqanjwa ngokuthi ngu-Eldorado - kwigama lesiSpanish elithi "ukwakha" okanye "ulungiswe". Ngoko ngexesha loMnqophiso babibiza ngeengcamango, ilizwe elicebileyo.

Iziganeko ezungeze indawo yengeniso zikhawuleza ziphuma. Akubona wonke umntu okholelwa ubutyebi bala mazwe. Abanye bawashiya ngamabomu amacebo abo, kodwa abanye baqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo baza bazityebi ngokukhawuleza. Iimeko kunye nokuhanjiswa kweempahla zaba nzima nakakhulu. UWilliam Ogilvy uphakamise umba wesidingo sokulungisa umba wokubelana nabanye. Ngokweengxelo zakhe, umhlaba waseKlondike unemixholo emininzi yobutyebi.

Abaxhasi begolide baqala ukukhangela iindlela ukuya kwiimigodi.

Indlela yokufikelela eKlondike?

Ngesinye isikhathi kunye nombane we "fever", iimephu kunye namashadi zaqala ukubonakala ezibonisa indlela yokufikelela kwiindawo ezinqwenelekayo zokumbiwa kwegolide. Iindlela ezininzi zazingamanga. Iyona edume kakhulu yindlela yomhlaba: yaqala eS Seattle, ngoko i-diggers yegolide ilandelwa kwiVancouver, emva kweSkagway. Indlela ephelile ngomlambo wase Yukon-kunye nabo bafuna ukuhlahla umlambo. Ngoko ukungena eKlondike kwakulula. Umgwaqo wamanzi wagijima ngokubanzi ecaleni kweYukon. Indlela yesithathu yiCanada. I-Edmonton landela uMlambo iMackenzie. Ukugqiba - yonke i Yukon.

Indlela ehamba phambili yabizwa ngoJuniau. Wadlula kwiChilkut Pass. Kuye kubekho nenani elikhulu labantu abafuna ukufumana igolide yegolide yabo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukupasa ayinalo igunya elifunekayo.

Imiphumo ye "golide"

Imimandla yeemigodi e-Yukon ithole imeko esemthethweni yeyunithi ezizimeleyo. Inkunzi enkulu nguDawson. Ukubeka nje, i Yukon ezizimeleyo zibandakanya yonke indawo yeemigodi zegolide. Ukuhlukana kwale ndawo bekubangelwa imfuno yokudala isiseko somthetho sokulawula ukukhutshwa kwezitye.

Ubungcali bommandla babenempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo yakhe kunye nezibonelelo. Kukho iindlela zokuthutha. Ngokukodwa kwiimfuneko zamanzi zothutho. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabini kwimizila yebusika yabonakala, kwafakwa isitrato. Kwakhiwa izixeko eziliqela, kuquka uClausleit.

"I-Gold Rush" e-Klondike inefuthe kwimpilo yenkcubeko. E-Alaska wayehlala umbhali odumileyo uJack London. Yena ngokwakhe wahamba ngendlela ehambelana neendwendwe, eqokelela izinto zokwenza umsebenzi omtsha. Iziganeko zaseKlondike zichazwe kwimisebenzi enjenge-"Call of Ancestors", "White Fang", "Smoke Bellew". Ezinye zazo zazifakwe. Umkhuhlane wathonya inkcubeko nobomi bezizwe zendabuko.

Sinokuthi ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba "i-Klondike" ayikho imigodi yegolide kuphela, kodwa iprojekthi yentlalo ebonakalayo yeXIX - yokuqala yeXesti ye-XX.

Ebhankini lomlambo

Iimigodi zegolide zifumaneka kakhulu kwibhankini lomlambo waseKlondike - eli li-right bourgeary le Yukon. Ubude bokuhamba kwamanzi malunga ne-165 km. Umthombo usezintabeni zaseOgilvy. Imvelaphi yegama ngu-Indiya. Isizwe samaKhan sabiza uMlambo iTron-Dyke, kunye neKlondike igama lavela kubabomi baseYurophu - kwakunzima kubo ukubiza igama elidibanisa igama.

Igama lokuqala ekuguquleleni lithetha "amanzi atyunjiweyo". Igama lomlambo lafunyanwa kwiintsika ama-Indiya asekwe kwi-reservoir yokubamba i-salmon. Kwakukho iintlanzi ezininzi, kodwa nangaphezulu - insimbi eyigugu.

Ekubeni ixesha "umkhuhlane" kwakubizwa ngegama elithi Klondike eliye lalingana nobutyebi, igolide kunye nokulungileyo.

Umzila we Yukon

Klondike ... Yintoni na? Ukongezelela kumlambo nommandla, eli gama linendlela eqhuba eBritish Columbia. Idibanisa i-USA neAlaska. Unqumla kwisixeko saseDawson eCanada.

Indlela ihamba malunga ne-700 km ubude kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-Alaska. Inxalenye enkulu kakhulu idlula iYukon. Kwaphela ixesha elide lahlula lilasezantsi nasenyakatho. Inxalenye yokuqala yavulwa ngasekupheleni kwee-70 zee-20 zekhulu leminyaka. Indlela yayisetyenziswa ngabantu basekuhlaleni. Ngaphandle kwendlela ungabona ezininzi zeemigodi ezishiyiweyo ezidibene nexesha "yesiliva yesilivere". Kwakhona nantsi iWilliam Moore Bridge, ebonwa njengesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele. Inxalenye esenyakatho ibhekisela kumaxesha obunzima bemigodi yegolide. Kude kakhulu kunomnye wasezantsi - ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-500.

Ngaloo ndlela, amaxesha 'okugqithisa igolide' eKlondike anika amagama kwiindawo eziliqela zeendawo. Leli gama linxibelelwe nezixeko ezikuma-Wisconsin naseTexas.

Masidlale amagosa egolide

Eyaziwayo phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-intanethi ye-intanethi "Klondike" yinto enqwenelekayo kunye nezicwangciso zesicwangciso. Injongo kukufumana uhambo olulahlekileyo lwama-diggers egolide. Umntu oyintloko ngumntu oselula osekhangela uyise.

Apha ungakha, uphendule igolide, uthengise kwaye uthenge iimpahla ezifunekayo. Abadlali bahamba ngemisebenzi evuyisayo-iimfuno zokufumana izixhobo zokuthenga izinto zokwakha, izilwanyana okanye izixhobo. Izinto ezininzi zingathengiswa okanye zinikele kwabanye abadlali.

Esinye sezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo "umoya Klondike". Ungayifumana mahhala kwaye unike nabani na, ngokuqonda kwakho. Ezinye izixhobo zingagcwaliswa, zilandelelanise inani labo ngokuzulazula umdlalo.

Igama elithi "Klondike" linentsingiselo emininzi, kodwa ininzi iqhagamshelana neentuthuko, igolide kunye nokucebisa.