Imigodi Gold. Iindlela gesi yegolide. imigodi Gold ngesandla

imigodi Gold yaqala kumaxesha amandulo. Xa yonke imbali yoluntu yaveliswa malunga 168,9 amawaka. Iitoni intsimbi anqabileyo, phantse-50% yayo echithwe ezahlukeneyo ubucwebe. Ukuba yonke igolide ukwenza ukuqokelela kwindawo enye, babeza endiyibumbileyo ityhubhu kubude indlu enomgangatho-5, nto leyo eye emphethweni - 20 eemitha.

"Golden History"

Gold - metal, ngayo uluntu ndade ndaqhelana iminyaka ubuncinane 6500 eyadlulayo. It ingqalelo ubutyebi midala kwi Varna necropolis, nto leyo ibekwe eBulgaria, kunye neemveliso yomhla we-4600 BC

Gold oye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu, nto nangoku ingqalelo utyalomali ephilileyo. Beza ke baya lwemali, kodwa ihleli umgangatho jikelele nozinzileyo amawaka eminyaka.

Ekubeni olu ibisoloko ezidumileyo. Uqikelelo ubungakanani kwegolide hayi kakuhle kokuba kuphela kwakuxhomekeke phezu kwakhe, yaye isikhundla kuluntu. Ngoko ke ngelo xesha langoku.

Loo igolide kuye belusoloko unobangela iimfazwe mthetho, kodwa kwangaxeshanye sele wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu inkqubela uluntu ngokubanzi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu baqalisa inkqubo lawulo imilo, wadala nexabiso lezenkcubeko kunye yobuciko zokwakha, leyo uyancumisa yaye unokubothusa wonke. Ngenxa umnqweno ukuvelisa izazinzulu yesinyithi, izinto ezininzi yamachiza zifunyenwe, kwaye kwegolide wanceda ukufumanisa nokuhlola amazwe amatsha.

Njengoko igolide geni Russia

In eqweqweni eliphezulu zehlabathi ekwakhiweni iqulethe igolide hi mpimo lowutsongo, kodwa ke ezi amasimi kunye neendawo ezininzi. Russia kwi ndawo yesi-4 kwi ukalisho imveliso yawo kwaye 7% kwisabelo jikelele.

indlela Industrial yaqala ukuvelisa igolide ngo 1745. I yam yokuqala yavulwa umlimi Erofeem Markovym, owathi ngenxa akaziwa. Kamva baziwa ngokuba Berezovsky.

Namhlanje eRashiya kukho iinkampani 16 misela lo metal anqabileyo. Inkokeli le nkampani "Polyus Gold", nto leyo 1/5 na isabelo kwimarike kwimveliso iyonke. Abakhutheleyo op metal ikakhulu geni Magadan, Irkutsk neziphaluka Amur, Chukotka, Krasnoyarsk kunye nakwimimandla iyavuma.

imigodi Gold - inkqubo izakhiwo, ixesha elininzi yaye kubize. Nciphisa ezi ndleko ngokuvala imigodi azincedi lutho, asinto esezantsi ingeniso. Ukunciphisa inani umsebenzi wokuhlola , kwaye kuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe obutsha ekhusela ikomkhulu - yinto njengenyathelo olusebenzayo.

Inkqubo ye ukufumana igolide

Logama nje kudlule iinkulungwane, inkqubo yemveliso wentsimbi ezihlala ziguquka. Ekuqaleni kwaba kwegolide ethandwayo ngesandla. I-mgodini afumana isanti kubulela yegolide, ukuba kwizixhobo gingxi kwakudala. Yetreyi bagaywa nesanti emlanjeni, yaye emva koko yazanyazanyiswa ngendlela amanzi, isanti kokuhlanjwa off, nanjengentlabathi yesinyithi kuhlala phezu emazantsi, njengoko nzima. Le ndlela isoloko isetyenziswa ngelo xesha langoku.

Noko ke, le nto inkqubo yemveliso kuphela. Umzekelo, ngaphambili ecaleni imilambo kusoloko ukufumana zike yegolide. Zibaphose phezu ilizwe usaba mithambo auriferous ngokwendalo. Noko ke, kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini washiya placers izityebi, kwaye ndafunda ukufumana igolide nsimbi.

Ngoku kwegolide kwenziwa kunqabile ngesandla, le nkqubo imishini ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kube nzima kakhulu. Kucingwa ifildi iindleko-kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba omnye ngetoni 3 grams yegolide. Xa umxholo olunikezelweyo 10 g ingqalelo zizityebi.

Iindlela ukuze afumane igolide ore

De kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, wayedla indlela ezifana yokudityaniswa, olusekelwe phezu iimpawu ezikhethekileyo lesigidi imvulophu yegolide. Ngomhla emazantsi umphanda yabekwa mercury, ngoko ezizanyazanyiswayo igolide-uhlobo kuyo. Ngenxa yoko, nkqu amasuntswana zincinane igolide anamathele nje kuyo. Emva koko, lo imetyhuri siyahlukana iliwa inkunkuma, kwaye womelele ngokushushubeza igolide ukuba flake off. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela iye ezinye iingxaki xa, ekubeni imetyhuri ngokwayo ayityhefu kakhulu. Ngelo xesha nye inika igolide nangoku hayi ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yokuba amasuntswana amancinane ngokupheleleyo ngentsimbi anqabileyo kunzima ukumanzisa.

Indlela yesibini mihla ngakumbi - igolide leached kunye sodium benqanda, ezinako nkqu amasuntswana zincinane zitshintshele emanzini-enyibilikayo benqanda compound. Yaye sele kubo kamva usebenzisa wezenzi negolide kufunxwa. Le ndlela unako ukufumana metal njengobuxabisekileyo evela emasimini sele ishiywe, nto leyo ebenza kwakhona inzuzo.

Ukufika ekhaya igolide

imigodi Gold kunokwenzeka ngesandla kwaye ekhaya. Ukuze ukukhipha wona, akukho mfuneko ukuya emigodini, kunye neeyure neengcedevu ukungcangcazela. Kukho iindlela zoxolo ngakumbi kwaye ephucukile. Around a lot of izinto eziqulathe igolide. Umzekelo, imilindo Soviet endala ezindaweni zazo yellow nensimbi yokwenene ecocekileyo elixabisekileyo ngaphandle ukungcola.

Ukuze afumane uphume khona apho, kufuneka nje ukuba athenge iwotshi onjalo kukuninzi kakhulu. Emva koko kufuneka emele iplastiki ngendebe, razor yombane, ubushushu-resistant iglasi imbiza, ibhrashi kunye x / yomqhaphu ilaphu ukuyicoca, iiglavu zerabha kunye vlagoraspylitel. Kweekhemikhali kufuneka nitric kunye zehydrochloric acid.

Iqhubekekisa iqala xa uphethe sele unayo amatyala 300. Le nkqubo ithatha iiyure ezi-4 kuphela, xa uchitha neelitha ezi-4 acid. Ukususela izakhiwo ezininzi ukuze ukwazi ukufumana 75 iigrem ngegolide ecocekileyo.

Ukufumana igolide usebenzisa indlela ukuya ngasekhohlo

Ngubani ebeya kucinga, kodwa, nkqu nabantwana, yonke imihla ezi kwipokotho neebhegi zegolide. Yinto elula - ikhadi ngalinye khadi ukuba ifowuni ephathwayo iqulethe eziliqela amatye anqabileyo. Oko asuswe apho. Oku kwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini: electrolysis, okanye ngasekhohlo. Kuba yokugqibela kufuneka i reagent yemichiza "aqua regia".

Indlela elula igqalwa ngasekhohlo, apho igolide ifunyenwe enkosi inertness eekhemikhali metal elixabisekileyo - ezizezi, ukukwazi layo ukuxubana nezinye izinto. Kuba ngasekhohlo ifuna oxidizer "aqua regia", nto leyo yenziwa asidi kanzulu: zehydrochloric, kunye ne-nitric. Ulwelo mbala-orenji-yellow.

Gold amanzi

imigodi Gold lunokwenzeka kwaye ephuma emanzini. Ikhoyo nokubakho kulo, yaye nayiphi na: amdaka, zaselwandle, amanzi, kodwa yona ibe ncinci kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa marine ikhona elingqamene of mg 4 kwitoni nganye. Ngaphandle koku, luthathe sisenako ngoncedo kwekalika ekhawulezayo, nto leyo ethatha kuphela ton ukuya 4.5 amawaka. Iitoni amanzi.

Ukuze ufumane igolide emanzini aselwandle kufuneka uxutywe ubisi kwekalika. Emva kwexesha elithile ulwelo akhululwe umva elwandle, kwaye sele ukusuka ezike ndikhuphe metal anqabileyo. iinjineli laseKirov lenze enye indlela inkunkuma-free apho lime ithathwa luthuthu umbane thermal. Le ndlela ithathwa ukuba ubuncinane eninzi zonke ezaziwayo.

iintsholongwane Golden

E Canada, oosonzululwazi baye ngokubanzi wafumana neebhaktiriya bayakwazi yokukhulula igolide izisombululo ezahlukeneyo. Emangalisayo, akunjalo na? Umzekelo, igciwane oluphila Delftia acidovorans leyo yabela nje metal esixabisekileyo esivela isisombululo. Kwaye isizathu ilula - it ikhuselwe nje, ukukhusela ngokwabo evela ion ngegolide, ezo ziyityhefu kuye. Le metallidurans bacterium Cupriavidus yesibini, icala, iivenkile ngaphakathi ngokwayo.

Zombini kwafunyanwa ngo-2006 "igolide" yeyam. Uhlolisiso lubonisa baseKhanada iintsholongwane baziqwebele igolide, Ityhefu zinokuphetshwa ngenxa yobume sofuzo.

Draghi

imigodi Gold lwenziwa kwaye ngoncedo Drago. Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba ezidadayo koomatshini zemigodi, leyo Zibuze, processing izimbiwa kunye nezinye izixhobo, ukubonelela koomatshini olubanzi inkqubo yemveliso. Bona sicebisa izimbiwa kunye nenkunkuma rock isusiwe.

Injongo Drahov - waphuphuma ukuphuhlisa zezimbiwa kwaye ukufumana amacandelo ezixabisekileyo (igolide, platinum, inkcenkce, njl) Faka kubo kakhulu nezikhukhula, talus, glubinno- neetyuwa zaselwandle lonxweme kunye nezikhukhula. Ezi nketho kuphela Valunistoye, rock nzima nodongwe ancamathelayo.

iintlobo Drahov

Draghi yahlulwe kwiiklasi ezimbini.

1. Marine, apho iidipozithi ziphuhliswa imigodi zonxweme nzulu amachweba kunye neelwandle. Bona zixhonywe zikhangeleke mfutho okanye iimpahla esingazihambeliyo, nebonelela ukusebenza xa kukho uqhwithela.
2. Continental, ezisetyenziswa yophuhliso iidipozithi kumazwekazi. Zixhonywe pram.

Draghi zahlelwa ngokwe:

• kwengqondo amandla, esetyenziswa yi actuators;
• emathambekeni ezinzulu rocks kwicandelo ngezantsi kwinqanaba lamanzi;
• umatshini omdala (a lot of amabhakethi kunye chain yaphulwe chain eqhubekayo, complex rotary, ekuthiwa yidragline emphandeni, mbambeni lokukha);
• amandla emele (large-, eliphakathi kunye amancinci ukufuduka);
• indlela uqhubela (intambo-ankile kunye cable-imfumba).

Ngomhla kummandla Russian Federation ngoku usebenzisa zibuya nemveliso yegolide, kwenzeka ubukhulu becala indawo kwiSithili Federal Far Eastern. Noko ke, ukuveliswa indlela onjalo unokuba nempembelelo engentle kummandla we-ecosystem, etshabalalisa umhlaba imilambo indawo ingcole, nto leyo iqhele nomfula.

Ngoko ke, le ndlela zingasetyenziswa kuphela ingqalelo ngononophelo kwiiprojekthi zophuhliso. Kuba ukuphunyezwa labo liya kufuna ukubangwa komhlaba, leyo anyhashwe imisebenzi yemigodi, kwakunye reforestation, umhlaba kunye nohlaza neentlambo lomlambo.

Indlela yokwenza zibuya igolide ngokwakho

mgodini abaninzi, igolide yeyam, kuya kuba zibuya yayo, ngoxa ugcine kakhulu kwiindleko njengoko ixabiso le zixhobo uphezulu kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, indlela elula yokwenza ngezandla zakhe. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba izinto eziza kuthengwa ngexabiso kakhulu, usafuna ukuba ukudala zibuya ethile imali.

Ekuqaleni, kufuneka wenze izintlu kunye nebandla imizobo ukuba oku kwenziwe umzekelo zibuya edume kakhulu ukuba imveliso igolide ngalo mzuzu nje. Enyanisweni, lo Inqanaba lokuqala - isifundo, kokukhona uya kwazi ngazo, bhetele, uze wenze ngcono ezabo.

Ezinye iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo zifumaneka kwindawo yokulahla eziqhelekileyo, bazithengele kwabo lutho, ezifana injini ukuba umatshini. Okulandelayo kufuneka ukujonga ubungakanani zibuya, buninzi ke - inkulu mali lomhlaba sinokunyangwa, kodwa ubunzima bayo, iindleko iza kuba kwakhona ngaphezu koko imveliso encinane ndawonye.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwakha umbhobho enobubanzi ka-12 cm, ukuze sibe nako ukumelana zibuya ngokwakho. Ubukhulu kakhulu kangangoko - kuba-10 cm Ukuba ufuna ngomoya, kuyimfuneko ukuthenga isiguquli, izixhobo yokuntywila kunye itanki air owongozelelweyo .. Noko ke, oku akuthethi imfuneko yokuqala, oko kunokwenziwa kakade ngoko.

Ukuze kwakhiwa izixhobo olufunayo, kuya kufuneka: injini impompo, Unezixhobo ezininzi (hacksaw, izando nezixholo, utsalo, screwdriver). Akunyanzelekanga buhlungu kuthenga kopi. Uyakwazi kuthenga / isetyenziswa, kodwa ezinye kubaluleke kakhulu yaye ingxaki okanye trudnozamenimye, kungcono ukuba uthenge entsha evenkileni.

Ezinye iinkcukacha zibuya amaxesha kuba nzima ukwenza ngezandla zabo, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba bathenge zonke enye: injini, impompo yamanzi, isiguquli, ithumbu, rudopromyvochny kugutyulelwe. Lowo wokugqibela yeyona ndawo ibalulekileyo, ngaphandle nje yegolide singafakwanga, ngokulandelelana, yonke ulwakhiwo izixhobo uba ingamampunge.

Bell zibuya kufuneka abekwe ukutshixa intloko ukuze wabubhekisa imijelo yamanzi nomhlaba kuwo. Ivelufa ofunxayo kwi impompo ithatha amanzi (kwakhona oku yenye iinxalenye ezibalulekileyo). Ukuba lilo isanti, impompo unako ngokukhawuleza ndiludilize, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuba zibuya ngaphandle vana.

ikheshi ngamanzi sise ekupheleni nethumbu, amanzi nakwesiphi ekuqaleni nokudala cleaner. Kungcono usebenzise umlomo sokufunxa. Ukulawula dredges ezinkulu ilifti nzima, ngoko ke sebenzisa ubukhulu becala aye oomatshini ezincinci, ukuba umsebenzi kwenzeka emanzini.

Le ukubagcina yesixhobo - kwisigaba ezahlukeneyo zibuya. Qinisekisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezininzi. Ekuqaleni akakhathali esebenzisa iilori, nobunzima kancinane kwaye sitshiphu. Le ethile kuphela kukuba ukufumana kubo njengoko kunokuba kubonakale kulula. Noko ke, bekuya kuba ukhetho best.

Ngoku, abenzi abaninzi basebenzisa dredges pontoons zenziwe ngeplastiki. Abasakwazi zithembekile, kodwa enzima. Noko ke, nalapha kukho ezininzi i iinketho. Ezinye dredges, ezo eqokelelwe ekhaya, abe ezahlukahlukeneyo pontoons zeplastiki. Enye yeendlela umdla - xa usebenzisa imigqomo yeplastiki okanye imiphanda, amandla ngazo ukuya iilitha ezingama-40. Uyakwazi ukuthenga ngendleko ephantsi kakhulu. Ukuba awufuni engqondweni ukuchitha isixa esikhulu, kodwa ukulungele kuthenga, ngoko ke kulula ukuthenga evela kumenzi.

Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo echaphazela le ukubagcina, isakhelo kuqwalaselwa. Ukuba injini rudopromyvochny kugutyulelwe apha. Ukuba wenza oku ngokwakho, ungakwazi ukuthatha lamaqhosha aluminium elula ukuba kulula ukufumana nanini na kwiinda. Iindleko ayibizi, phantse akukho mzamo efunekayo. Ukuba ufumana isakhelo tyaba, ngoko ke zixhonywe nje ivili ngelori.

Khangela umsebenzi zibuya kuba emva kokuba ibandla layo ngokupheleleyo. Ukuze wenze oku kuthatha iinyama zokuhlola ezimbini ezincinane ilothe, ehambelana kwaye zipeyintwe ngemibala eqaqambileyo. Ichibi sicofwa emhlabeni, yaye zibekwe khona. Yiloo nje kuyo kwaye ukuzama phandle i zibuya. Jonga indlela emininzi welothe wabuyela emva kokuhlamba rock. Ukusebenza oqhelekileyo ilahleko zibuya kuphela kunokwenzeka zibe ziingceba-2. Ukuba phambili akwanelanga, kufuneka kwakhona ujonge ibandla lonke icebo kunye, xa kuyimfuneko, enze uphuculo ngakumbi.

Izicwangciso yegolide kwixa elizayo

Ambalwa iba iidipozithi zegolide, vula ngoku ubukhulu becala apha eMzantsi Afrika, lo gama abanye sisazama kakhulu, kunye needipozithi kunye nomxholo eliphantsi neliphakathi le metal anqabileyo ukuphuhlisa nje abangenakubanyusa.

Iingcali ukuqikelela ukuba oovimba kwezimbiwa ezibandakanya igolide, kuya kuba lula ukuba zibe ubudala 50. Ngoko run. Nje ngokuba abantu kwiminyaka yakutshanje i nokombiwa kwegolide kakhulu kunene. Kwaye kuba kwindalo ingaphantsi yaye ngaphantsi. Ngoku ke kufuneka ukuba bafumane amathuba amatsha yemveliso metal ukwenzela iminyaka ezayo. Indlela ethembisayo kuthathwa ubugcisa leaching yegolide.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, intetho malunga nophuhliso yolwandle nje kodwa enye indlela imigodi yegolide. iidipozithi kombambi webhola kude nonxweme baninzi, kodwa emazantsi leyo engekaqondwa ngokupheleleyo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ulwandle ifihlakele uninzi iidipozithi metal anqabileyo. inzala yethu kuya kufuneka ufumanise.