Imbali yoshicilelo okanye yintoni abantu yasungulwa iphepha

Ukubuza imibuzo malunga abantu basungule amaphepha, kufuneka ucinge ishicilela ibali evela kunye nophuhliso lokubhala eYiputa, iBhabhiloni kunye neTshayina. Oku kulapho ukuba indlela yoshicilelo amathathu aphambili.

E Egypt kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo wakrola amabali yembali kwi ematyeni iiphiramidi. Kwakhona iisimboli ebhalwe afunyanwa kwi kumabhodlo lwezitena ka eBhabheli. Ancient Amathala aba ingxelo kwiibhodi udongwe, yaye kamva - elityeni nobhedu amacwecwe.

Inkqubela waye kokufunyanwa kwimipapiri izinto ekubhaleni, abantu eYiputa. Kodwa ngenxa ukwabiwa kakuhle yeengcongolo, ngokunjalo nobunzima umenzi wayo, uhlobo olutsha maphepha - izikhumba, eqinile. Nangona kunjalo, zonke ezi zinto ayifanelekanga ukuba isetyenziselwe yoshicilelo abaninzi iincwadi, kwakufuneka ukudaleka izinto entsha enganeno. Ngoko ke, lo iphepha lwasungulwa kwixesha elizayo. Noko ke, abantu abaninzi baye imibuzo malunga iphepha lasungulwa kweliphi ilizwe.

Kwilivo ezininzi nyaka kuyo 153 BC e China wasungula ephepheni. Akumangalisi, ngenxa yokuba ilizwe odumileyo incwadi ubulumko, ngoko rhoqo wavakalelwa imfuneko yokuba engaxabisi ekubhaleni i eziphathekayo. I ekrwada izinto kuba ifayibha ngoqalo nemithi yemibhaka. Abaqambi Tai Lun ukuthambisa la macandelo ukusilwa kwaye ubunzima ngenxa wabumba iimakhishithi, eyaziwa ngokuba "shi". Ekubeni Chinese kwisingqusho intlaka ukwahlula zomzimba, umxube yahlaliswa agalelwa neengcedevu ezinkulu, ezantsi apho enezinto imicwe elimxinwa ngoqalo. Emva kokuba iglasi yamanzi, amaphepha amaphepha omile endaweni ethe tyaba fefa eengubo ezikrazukileyo ngoqalo. Thile emva, umgangatho iphepha uyaphuculwa ngokudibanisa starch ngexesha iimveliso zayo. Kwakhona ngamanye amaxesha wongezelela iglu kunye nedayi ezahlukeneyo zendalo.

Noko ke, kule nkulungwane wokugqibela northern amaphondo China yafunyanwa Baots emqolombeni engcwabeni apho amaphepha zifumaneka ephathelele BC kwinkulungwane II. Izazinzulu, owayefunda ixesha elide, abanye abantu wasungula iphepha, ekugqibeleni wafumana impendulo yalo mbuzo. Bafumanisa ukuba eli phepha elenziwe hemp, neyesilika, evela ukusuka cocoons of silkworms ezineziphene. Ngokutsho kwezinye ntsomi abafazi Chinese kuphekwe isilika cocoons Ulwandle kwaye ukusilwa de de yintlama kwathengwa, emva koko atshe isiphumo iimakhishithi. Eli phepha ubizwa ngokuba "cotton wool", ixabiso layo liphezulu ngokwaneleyo, njenge ekrwada ekufanisweni lemveliso yayo eninzi kunene.

Ngamaxesha yephepha Tai Lun yaba eqhelekileyo ezibonakalayo kuphela ukubhala kodwa ezinye iinjongo ezininzi. Noko ke, iphepha abantu Chinese kaThixo waba ethile ebalulekileyo - kwaba evakalala, ngoko ke ipeyinti, olusetyenziswa ngokubhala, okwandisa, njengokuba kubhaliwe ngokulula kakhulu eqwengiweyo.

Ukuba ulwazi malunga abantu basungule iphepha, ungabona indlela ubugcisa asasazwa woveliso yayo ehlabathini lonke. Ngoko ke, ubuchwepheshe lokuveliswa kwaso   ngcembe washukumisa ukuya eNtshona, babe yinxalenye yenkcubeko bezinye iintlanga. Ngokuthe ngcembe, amaTshayina Kwathi indlela iphepha ePersi, Arabia, iYiputa, kwaye kula mazwe - eYurophu. Ukuqalisa ukususela ngenkulungwane XV, imveliso iphepha iqala ukukhula, kodwa kwakunzima kwakudala. Umzekelo, ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa mass bephepha, ipepper mallets eyenziwe ngomthi ngesandla ngesingqusho kunye isinqe enemingxuma.

Loo sisiganeko esibalulekileyo njengoko fyabo iphepha e China uye kweli lizwe nakwihlabathi negalelo elikhulu, ngenxa yokuba okokuqala kwimbali yabantu, abantu baye got ekhoyo eziphathekayo ekubhaleni, nto leyo indawo namhlanje. Okwangoku, Tai Lun uthathwa ukuba umenzi mkhulu kwimbali kuphela China kodwa lonke uluntu. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho umbuzo malunga oko abantu basungule iphepha, kukhuselekile bathi oku abantu abakhulu Chinese.