Ukuvula umbutho - it ... Umbutho msulwa: inkcazelo, imisebenzi kunye neempawu yomsebenzi

Bambalwa makacacelwe gca into zokuhlala kunye sisuse nemibutho. Kodwa ke oko akuthethi ukutshintsha into ilandelayo: kula maziko zemali ukwenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo ngokungaqhutywa luluvo. Ngoko ke, imisebenzi yabo yaye ngokukodwa ephawulekayo.

concepts key

Xa sincokola kulihlamba imisebenzi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba elidityaniswe kakhulu kwinkcazelo nezibophelelo efanayo. Eneneni, lukhuphiswano kwezicelo unikezelo lwamaphepha kunye izibalo lwenziwa phezu kwabo.

Unga kwakhona zithi umbutho ayindawo - yezimali isakhiwo zebhanki-hlobo, nto leyo elenza indima umlamleli abanobuchule phakathi abathengi nabathengisi. Oko kukuthi, kuthatha phezu inkqubo wokuthenga, ethetha ngomntu othile okanye inkampani, ngenjongo yokufumana izibambiso, kunye vice versa. Le mbambano ivumela ulawulo ngokupheleleyo phezu inzaliseko uxanduva macala omabini, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu ukhuseleko wo yingisela.

Iinkonzo zisusa zibe ezifanelekileyo ngoko nangoko emva kokugqitywa intengiselwano phakathi kwamaqela amabini zombini kwi stock kunye kwimarike iOTC.

Ngokumalunga ukudluliselwa inkqubo intengiselwano, nto leyo esetyenziselwa ukumisela elithi "ezintsha", oko kuthathe ezinye ukusuka kwiiveki ezimbalwa (iOTC kwiimarike), ukuba imizuzwana eziliqela (stock).

Amaxesha amaninzi kwasuswa umbutho - iCandelo konxibelelwano apho izibambiso ngazo, esivumela yokugqibela ukuba basebenzise ulawulo ngokupheleleyo phezu imicimbi eyahlukeneyo.

Iimfuno e Russia

Ukugawulwa imisebenzi kummandla Russian Federation ngokusesikweni, kodwa umbutho ebonelela ngeenkonzo ezinjalo, kufuneka ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ethile kwaye ukuzalisekisa iimfuno ezingundoqo.

Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi mbutho ukugawulwa unako ukwenza uluntu kwezoqoqosho kuphela, neyasekwa ngokuthobela ngokupheleleyo kunye nomthetho Russian. Ngoko ekuqaleni ivalekile ilungelo elilodwa amagunya lifa, umzekelo, isakhiwo yolawulo.

Ezo mfuno, ezo ezisisigxina umthetho Federal kwi imisebenzi entsimini ukugawulwa isicelo otyalayo engundoqo.

Ngelo xesha kukho iqela kwiindawo ukuba esebenzayo kuloo mthetho na kwasuswa iinkampani:

- imisebenzi inshorensi, urhwebo noshishino;

- inxaxheba umhlalaphantsi yabucala kunye nemali mutual;

- ukugcina irejista izibambiso abanini;

- Ulawulo mali mali ngokwengqesho;

- umsebenzi ebangela depositary ezikhethekileyo kwemali zotyalo-mali.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula kwaye kwiingxelo zemali. Lwayo ngendlela edityanisiweyo njengoko umbutho kukubonelela ukususwa otyalayo central. Ngokubhekiselele kwingxelo yonyaka, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukubonisa akhawunti iinyanga ezili-12.

inkampani yakhe impahla ebonelela ngeenkonzo ukuhlanza onokuyilahla ngayo nangayiphi na indlela. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuthengwa izibambiso kwiimalizabo nako eyamkelekileyo.

Ithuba yokudibanisa imisebenzi

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba umbutho ayindawo - isakhiwo ukuba ukongeza kumsebenzi walo ongundoqo uyakusebenza ngumququzeleli zorhwebo. Kodwa lo ithuba ifumaneka kuphela xa esenza iimeko ezininzi:

- ukwala inxaxheba kwimisebenzi elinguvimba, umthengisi kunye nomthengisi imali eninzi;

- ukulahleka ilungelo amanyathelo ubume otyalayo central;

- ukuvalwa kulawulo izibambiso.

Ukuba umbutho wakho uceba ukudibanisa ubonelelo ukugawulwa iinkonzo umsebenzi njenge broker, umphathi umthengisi okanye imali eninzi, mhlawumbi Akukabonakali ibe otyalayo engundoqo.

Kwakhona xa sisuse umbutho uphumeza nawuphi na umsebenzi ukongeza engundoqo, ubotshelelwe ukudala enye, kodwa iiyunithi eziliqela lwezakhiwo, kwaye umntu xa kuyimfuneko. Kamva kwasuswa kuya kwenziwa kubo.

imigomo

Nawuphi na umbutho osebenza entsimini ukugawulwa, ijoliswe ekufezekiseni iinjongo ezininzi ezingundoqo. Zibonakala ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- ukunciphisa ixesha elifunekayo ukuze yokuhlala;

- ekunciphiseni amanqanaba iindleko ezinxulumene ne-nxaxheba iinkonzo zokuhlala ezicela;

- zokunciphisa eliphezulu lweengozi izibalo ngaphakathi imisebenzi ukuhlanza ezihamba.

Kuyabonakala ukuba imibutho efana ukwenza imicimbi lula kwaye zithembeke ngakumbi, le nto ezitsala abathengi abaninzi.

Kufuneka iqondwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuze kufikelelwe kwezi njongo zingentla kufuna-mvume ye-Central Bank, enika ilungelo ulungiselelo nayiphi na imicimbi intlawulo kwi ezicela elithile. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi nkampani ababhaliswe njenge LLC, nangona ezinye iindlela zomthetho.

Iyavakala ukukhankanya into yokuba umbutho ayindawo - isakhiwo ukuba isebenze njenge imarike izibambiso olunye, kunye abambalwa. Kwaye ke format lwemisebenzi akubi wesizwe kuphela kodwa ngamazwe.

iimpawu eziphambili

Emva kokuba umququzeleli we kwintengiso iqukumbela imvumelwano kwiziko evulekile, umbutho kulindeleke ukuba kwimisebenzi ethile. Kakuhle eli akwazi incitshiswe ngokweqela iimpawu ezifanelekileyo, apho ukususwa khona;

- ekuhloleni phambi eludinini sokuqala ukuba akhawunti inxaxheba kurhwebo;

- ukwamkelwa kwezicelo kwinkqubo sorhwebo kunye nokubhaliswa agcina;

- ukwamkela izicelo-linikeza ezivela kubathengi;

- ukubhaliswa intengiselwano, ekwavunyelwana ngaso;

- uxolelaniso emva ukwamkelwa izindululo malunga komyalelo counter;

- ukuqinisekisa inzaliseko epheleleyo kunye ngqo izibophelelo omabini amaqela abandakanyekayo intengiselwano;

- ukumisela ubungakanani eludinini loguqu kunye nokudluliselwa yayo;

- yakheka isiqinisekiso mali (special);

- ilungiselelo zokuhlala yokugqibela phakathi kwamaqela izivumelwano, ethe ecaciswe kwimvumelwano.

Ekwenzeni le misebenzi, umbutho ukususwa enakho ukumela iimfuno zamaqela ezimbini phambi kwemvume lwabo lwangaphambili. Ngaphezu koko, sele kuyabonakala ukuba yinto yokuba ngaphandle kuluxolelaniso lwesivumelwano kugqitywe lokugqibela rate ukungaphumeleli nganye iya kwanda kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, abatyali ezinkulu baya kujongana pheleleyo engeyomfuneko ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ezo imisebenzi enze imibutho evulekile kwimarike izibambiso, efanelekileyo kwaye kuyimfuneko.

Njani na imali yombutho

Le nkampani, leyo unyule intsimi ukugawulwa, Kakade ke, kukuba ukwenza iingeniso. Kwaye iziko loshishino yenza ikomkhulu lalo ngokusebenzisa imithombo zilandelayo yengeniso:

- ukubhaliswa nokulandela izivumelwano;

- ukuphathwa kwemali olugcinwe ngumbutho ngokwayo;

- intengiso kolwazi;

- ingeniso evela kwintengiso iteknoloji-izibalo esetyenziswa yinkampani kunye software ngokunjalo.

Kuyinto elungileyo, ukuba uqaphele ukuba msulwa imibutho uphethe indawo esembindini nokurhweba izibambiso esukela. Sithetha iinketho stock kunye nezivumelwano amakamva. Kufuneka icaciswe kwaye ixesha lokuba iimarike ezahlukileyo Ungqinelelwaniso iinkqubo ziya kuba umahluko obonakalayo. Le nyaniso luchazwa imiqulu ezahlukeneyo zentengiselwano, iindleko ukusebenza kunye nesakhiwo ethile kwimarike.

iintlobo elenze

Imisebenzi iquka imibutho ukuhlanza ekuqhubeni intengiselwano apho lisisiqalo esetyenziswa, kunye iintlobo ezimbini: ngamazwe kunye abambiseneyo.

Kwimeko yokuqala omabini ukubala izibophelelo zabo okanye iimfuno kwisithuba sexesha elithile. Ukuze ubone indawo (balance) kubhalwe umahluko phakathi izibophelelo-nxaxheba kunye neemfuno zawo. Olu hlobo Okwenziwayo ezivame kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba intsalela ayikho zero, isikhundla uthathwa ukuba evulekileyo ivalwe imeko eyahlukileyo.

Xa elenze mazwe yeyona ubalo pairwise yamabango mutual ngokusebenzisa izibambiso okanye imali. Ekubeni kwimarike enye inqabile kakhulu ukufumana kwi efanayo ixesha lisisiqalo kwi izabelo kunye zemali, le fomu lisetyenziswa kungeyonto ayenza rhoqo.

Isimo Russia

Xa sijonga stock exchange ezisebenzayo kwintsimi ico, siya kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi lwabo ngokuzimeleyo wenza imisebenzi ethile kokulungisa imibutho. Ngelo xesha kwi West, imeko iphambene esahlukileyo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba eRashiya usebenzise iinkonzo amaziko abolekisa yomntu wesithathu, kodwa intlawulo yemali kuphela ekupheleni kwalo evulekile, yaye isixa-mali yezikhundla net. Exchange ukuba le nxalenye yomsebenzi ukwenza ngokwabo, kodwa musa ukuba elo thuba ngenxa Imihlaba hayi ityala namaziko umthetho Russian.

Ngenxa yoko, izithuba Russian ezivulekileyo ukugqiba iinkonzo Exchange yasingatha ziyafuneka kulawulwa kuphela okanye angenanto imibutho NGO.

Kunjalo kwasuswa umbutho - ifumaneka ngohlobo Russian ngayo umsebenzi, nto leyo ithathwa osemthethweni phantsi mvume. Le yokugqibela ovelisa i Central Bank.

iziphumo

Ngokusekelwe kule ngcaciso ilapha ngasentla, ungenza le nto ibalulekileyo: umsebenzi entsimini ukugawulwa sifanelekile kwaye iya kuhlala kunjalo lo gama nje izibambiso kwimarike, kwakunye kwintengiselwano angaphandle zenziwa.