Iintlanzi zePelagic. Iintlobo kunye nenkcazo

Igama elithi "intlanzi ye-pelagic" livela kwindawo abahlala kuyo. Lo mmandla ngummandla wolwandle okanye ulwandle olungaphelelanga ngaphantsi komhlaba.

Ukuphambuka - yintoni na?

Ukususela kwisiGrike "pelagic" ichazwa ngokuthi "ulwandle oluvulekileyo", olusebenza njengendawo yokuhlala ye-nekton, iplankton kunye ne-pleuston. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ummandla we-pelagic uhlulwe ngamacandelo amaninzi:

• I-Epipelagial - efumaneka kwi-200 meters;
• I-Mesopelagic - kwiqondo elide ukuya kuma-1000 emitha;
• Bathipelagic - ukuya kuma-4000 amitha;
• Ngaphezu kwee-4000 iimitha - i-abisopelagial.

Intlanzi yePelagic: inkcazo

Aba ngabahlali baselwandle, isici esichaphazelekayo apho indawo yokuhlala - indawo yeplalagic. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeentlanzi ze-pelagic: unxweme kunye nolwandle. Umntu wokuqala uhlala emanzini angenanto, apho ilanga liphuma khona, kwaye iyesibini zichitha ixesha elincinci kwiindawo ezinzulu, ngokubhukuda ngexesha lommandla lonxweme, ikakhulukazi ekuzaleni.

Ngokona nxalenye enkulu, iintlanzi ze-pelagic ziye zangqina ukuba zihamba kakuhle. Umzimba we-torpedo okanye uhlobo oluthile lwe-spindle uvumela ukuba bachithe ngokukhawuleza ikholomu yamanzi amaninzi, ngelixa bephuhlisa isivinini esikhulu. Ubungakanani beentlanzi ze-pelagic zihluka ukusuka kwincinci (i-Baltic herring, saury okanye i-herring). Iintlanzi zasePelagic zivame ukudala ii-jambs ezinkulu, ngamanye amaxesha zifikelela ngaphezu kweetoni eziliwaka, kodwa zikhona nalabo abathanda indawo yokuhlala.

Iindidi ezidumile

Intlanzi enkulu yokuloba intlanzi i-pelagic. I-65-75% yebonke ababanjwayo. Ngenxa yobuninzi bemvelo kunye nokufumaneka kwazo, iintlanzi ze-pelagic yintlobo engabizi kakhulu yezilwanyana zasemanzini. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuchaphazeli ukunambitha kunye nesevisi. Isikhundla esihamba phambili sokubambisa iindawo zokurhweba kubanjwa yientlanzi ze-pelagic zoLwandle oluMnyama, uMntla, iMarmara, iBaltic, kunye ne-North Atlantic ne-Pacific Rim. Ezi ziquka i-smelt (capelin), i-anchovies, i-hertic, i-herring, i-mackerel, i-cod (i-blue whiting), i-mackerel.

Mhlawumbi intlanzi eqhelekileyo neyintandwayo iyinquma. Eyona nto, ihlala kwii-pelagic zolwandle zaseNyakatho ye-Atlantic, kwiLwandle lwaseBarents naseNyakatho. Kukho amaqela amane eengcingo: ukuzala, ukuqala kokuzala, iinqatha ezincinci kunye neentlobo ezincinci. Iimveliso ezixabisekileyo ziyimpembelelo. Emva koko, ilula ngokukhawuleza kulondolozo kunye nokugqithisa kakhulu.

Isibini esithandwa kakhulu kubathengi i-mackerel. Le ntlanzi iyimimiselo ye-shaki kwaye isasazwa ngokubanzi emanzini eBaltic, Black and Marmara Sea. Ubude bomyinge we-mackerel ngu-30-35 ngamentimitha. Abanye abantu banokufikelela ubude obufikelela kuma-60 cm. Umbala we-mackerel uyigrey-eluhlaza kunye nemivimbo emnyama emnyama ekhona emva. Kukulungele ukwenza ukutya okunomsoco, iimveliso zokubhema, kunye neentlanzi kunye ne-balyk.

Uhlobo lwesithathu lweentlanzi zeplalagic ezazisasazekayo, ezithengisayo, zibandakanya i-capelin ne-Baltic herring. I-capelin yintlanzi, intlanzi ye-arctic ezondla i-crustaceans kunye ne-plankton. Ubude bayo bungabalulekanga ngaphezu kweentimitha ezingama-20. Le yintlanzi yesikolo, ehlala kwiziqendu eziphezulu phantse ngeesetyhula. Isetyenziswe ngendlela yefrats, kwifomfle kunye nefom efom, kunye nakomiswe omisiwe.

I-Salak ihlala kakhulu emanzini eBaltic Sea. Ngaphandle, kuyafana kakhulu ne-Atlantic, kodwa ihluke kwiqondo elincinci, elihluka kwi-20 cm. I-Salak inomzimba odibeneyo kunye ne-silly hue. Bathengisa le ntlanzi kwifom efriziwe, ngendlela yokulondoloza kunye nokutya okusemathinini kunye neenguqu ecolile.

Iimpawu zokutya

Iintlanzi ze-Pelagic sele zidumileyo ngokuba zinomxholo ophezulu weoli ehleliweyo, ngaphezulu kwama-20%. Ezinye iintlobo zeengcambu zicebile kwiivithamini B12, A, D, iodine kunye ne-amino acids, eziyinxalenye yesakhiwo seprotheyini. Ucwaningo lwezenzululwazi lubonise ukuba ubukho bentambo ekudleni buyanciphisa ingozi yezifo ze-cardiovascular system. Ifayile yeentlanzi iqulethe ngokunyanisekileyo, ngokunyanisekileyo kunye neyona nto inomdla kakhulu.

Iintlanzi ze-mackerel ezibhekiweyo zintlanzi ezinobunzima, ezinobuncinci, kunye nobusiwe okanye obilisiwe zibonakaliswa ngokuma. I-Mackerel iqulethe iindidi ezinokusetyenziswa ezinjenge-phosphorus, i-manganese, i-zinc kunye ne-vithamini B.

Iintlanzi ze-pelagic ze-Smelt zitsalwa kwaye zine-20% yeeprotheni. Zizityebi kwi-amino acids, iiproteni, i-calcium, kunye naloo nto ibalulekileyo njenge-selenium. Inyama ye-smeltfish ithambile kwaye ithambileyo, ebanika izakhiwo ezikhethekileyo.