Vasily Zhukovsky: ibhayografi elifutshane nobuchule

Ungafuna ukudibana imbongi odumileyo ezinjalo Vasily Zhukovsky? biography esifutshane kufuneka nomdla abalandeli uncwadi. Iqala njenge sentimentalist, Zhukovsky wayengomnye wabaseki romanticism Russian. Imibongo yakhe izele imifanekiso yamabali ethandwayo, amaphupha ukudangala. Vasily Zhukovsky liguqulelwe imisebenzi eGeorge. Byron, Schiller, "The Odyssey" yi kaHomer. Sinikezela ukubazi ngakumbi ubomi bakhe kunye nomsebenzi.

Imvelaphi V. A. Zhukovskogo

Vasily Zhukovsky wazalwa. kwiphondo Mishenskoe Tula 01/29/1783. Uyise, AI Bunin waye kumninindlu elalini, kwaye unina - umfazi Turkish abathinjiweyo. Vasily Zhukovsky wafumana kunye nefani lwezinye Bunin, Andreya Grigorevicha Zhukovskogo. usapho Bunin nje phambi kokuzalwa imbongi ephethwe intlungu elingcangcazelisayo; ngexesha elifutshane abantu 11 wafa, ezintandathu, kuquka unyana kuphela ukufunda ngexesha kwi-University of Leipzig. Maria G., lusizi, oku kwenzeleni ukundikhumbula unyana wakhe wagqiba ukuba usana nentsapho yakhe kunye nokuphakamisa ukuba abe ngunyana wayo.

ISifundo e B & B

Kungekudala, lo mfana waba oluthandayo yonke intsapho. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-14, Basil wangena hostele eyunivesithi eMoscow. Wafunda apho emi-4. Pension wabanika ulwazi olubanzi, kodwa phantsi kwesikhokelo abafundi ootitshala badla ndawonye ukufunda ngamava abo zoncwadi. Xa oolindixesha epapashwe ubalaseleyo kubo.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Kungekudala wapapasha imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky. ngobomi bakhe iphawulwa bt print ngo-1797. Umsebenzi wokuqala epapashwe - "Iingcinga ingcwaba." It wadalwa phantsi umbono ukufa V. A. Yushkovoy. Ngoxa ukufunda indlu yeendwendwe (ukususela 1797 ukuya 1801) zilandelayo Zhukovsky Indalo ashicilelwe: ngo-1797 - "Ngamana Morning" ngo-1798 - "Isidima", ngo-1800 - "The World" yaye "K Tibullus", ngo-1801 - " ukuze umntu, "kunye nabanye. Kuzo zonke longanyelwe inqaku ukudangala. Imbongi le transience zonke izinto ezisemhlabeni, ubu lobomi, okwakubonakala kuye ngokupheleleyo ukubandezeleka neenyembezi. Le meko kubangelwe ikakhulu ezithandwa boncwadi ngelo xesha. Isibakala sokuba imisebenzi yokuqala Vasily wabonakala xa abaninzi imangaliseke "Poor Liza" Karamzin, epapashwe ngo-1792. Kwakukho mbumbulu ezininzi.

Noko ke, asingabo bonke wachaza fashion. Iimeko wokuzalwa Vasiliya Zhukovskogo wayengavuswanga olityelweyo naziphi ezinye okanye ngokwabo. Yena waba isikhundla ingacaci eluntwini. Esakhula imbongi hayi bavuya.

Inguqulelo yokuqala, imbuyekezo ilali

Ngexesha lezifundo yakhe indlu yeendwendwe kwakhona sinika inguqulelo yokuqala Zhukovsky - i inoveli "Le nkwenkwe kwi umlanjana" Kotzebue (1801). Vasily phezu kokugqiba le khosi yezifundo wajoyina, kodwa kungekudala bagqiba kwelokuba umyeke. Wazinza Mishenskoe ukuba baqhubeke nezifundo zabo.

Creativity iminyaka 1802-1808

Ngowe-1803, kwabhalwa kwathiwa yapapashwa inoveli Zhukovsky "Vadim Novgorodsky." Ibonisa ukuba ngelo xesha, imbongi waqalisa ukufunda imbali Russia yamandulo.

Ngexesha ubomi bakhe kweli lizwe (1802-1808) phantse akazange ukupapasha imisebenzi yakhe Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky. ngobomi bakhe kuphawulwa kuyimbonakalo indalo ezintsha ezimbalwa. Xa "Journal of Europe" sele ibekwe yakhe 1802 "Amangcwaba Rural" - remake okanye inguqulelo simahla Grey. Lo msebenzi ngoko nangoko umdla ingqalelo. Revalina s kunye lula baba kuvulwa elitsha ixesha, naxa alawule stilted pseudo-classicism. Malunga xesha Zhukovsky wadala i "Marina Grove" - ibali, ebhalwe bexelisa "Poor Liza".

Vasily ngo-1806 asabela eluntwini-ngokomoya jikelele "iingoma Bard phezu ibhokisi ye nokuxubana-abaphumeleleyo." "Lyudmila" wabonakala ngo 1808. Yaba remake imveliso "Lenora" Burger. Oku kunye ballad "Liudmila" kwiincwadi Russian waba romanticism. Vasily engakuqondi ukuba icala lakhe, apho yena ngumnqweno nzulu bamaXesha Aphakathi, ihlabathi yamandulo zamaxesha aphakathi kunye namabali.

Zhukovsky wamkhuthaza yi impumelelo "Lyudmila". Utshintsho apha naphaya yaye iinguqulelo ukususela kweli xesha gqolo landela elinye emva kwelinye. Vasily eliguqulelwe ngokuthi iimbongi becala German. Kwaye ke iyimpumelelo indalo bakhe ezinxulumene nemisebenzi Schiller. Ngelo xesha Zhukovsky wadala kunye nemisebenzi yokuqala. Kwabakho, umzekelo, inxalenye yokuqala umbongo "Zazilishumi ezinyulu balele" ngokuthi "Stormbreaker", kwakunye amanqaku iprozi eziliqela.

Ukufudukela eMoscow, umsebenzi umhleli

Kwangaxeshanye waba umhleli we "Bulletin of Europe" Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich. biography emfutshane bakhe ziphawulwe ukuya eMoscow ukwenza umsebenzi. Kwiminyaka emibini waqhubeka nomsebenzi umhleli, ukususela 1809 ukuya 1810. Ekuqaleni Vasily wasebenza yedwa, ngoko kunye Kachenovsky. Hamba uye uhlale njalo bafudukela ngokusisigxina "Herald of Europe".

idrama intliziyo Zhukovsky

Emva koko, Zhukovsky wabuyela kwilali yakhe babehlala apha ngumdlalo olunzulu. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo waqala abatshana bakhe, neentombi E. A. Protasovoy, intombi omncinane le ndawo Bunin. Catherine Afanasyevna ngabahlolokazi nje ngaphambili kuhlala Belyov. Vasily Protasov ngothando wayemthanda uMariya, i omdala umfundi wakhe. mibala ndiyithandayo lyrics zakhe amaphupha of uthando nolonwabo nosapho. Noko ke, imvakalelo Zhukovsky ngokukhawuleza wafumana ilizwi ukudangala. Ukuhlobana wenza oku uthando emehlweni abanye akunakwenzeka. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukufihla ngenyameko imvakalelo yakhe. Kuphela kobuhlakani zesihobe eyifumanayo indlela yokuphuma. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa kunye izifundo zesayensi Zhukovsky. Yena nenzondelelo othile waqalisa ukufunda imbali, Russian kunye jikelele, kwaye Ndizuze ulwazi olunzulu.

"Singer enkampini amajoni Russian" yaye "USvetlana"

Zhukovsky ngo-1812, bagqiba ukubuza isandla Marii Protasovoy umama wakhe, wavuka kwenqaba flat. Emva kokuba bethintelwe le nomini lomtshato. Vasily kungekudala emva koko waya eMoscow. Apha wajoyina umkhosi wamajoni Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich. Ngokufutshane malunga namava akhe sinokuthi oku kulandelayo. Ubhidwe yinzondelelo izwe ukuba amajoni Russian ziye zafakwa kwi enkampini Tarutino Zhukovsky wabhala "Singer enkampini yamajoni Russian." Lo msebenzi ngoko nangoko waduma kakhulu. It bathengisa ngaphandle amawaka uluhlu yomkhosi lonke Russia. New Zhukovsky ballad "USvetlana" Kwakhona libhekisela 1812 Russian Nangona kwintshayelelo, kulo msebenzi zaye zaphuhliswa iinjongo "uLenore" Burger.

Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Zhukovsky kwinkundla

Kungekudala baqhubeka ubomi emkhosini Vasiliya Zhukovskogo. Waye wagula kunye yesifo kuka 1812 kwaye umhlala ngoJanuwari 1813. Ngo-1814 kwakukho "Umyalezo * kuKhesare Alexander," emva koko uKumkanikazi Maria Feodorovna wayefuna Zhukovsky bafika e-St Petersburg. Maria Protasov ngo-1817 watshata uNjingalwazi John. Kwisihobe Zhukovsky, yaye kamva kuhlaba iphupha yothando. Noko ke, waba nempilo enkenenkene yaye ngo-1823 waza wafa. Bakhohlwe uMariya Protasov kwaye ufumane iqabane Vasily Zhukovsky? Biography yeminyaka yakhe elizayo uya kukunika impendulo yalo mbuzo.

Base amanqaku zombongo Zhukovsky kaThixo

"Ulangazelelo Uthando," "ngeminqweno kude," "intlungu zendawo angayaziyo", "imbandezelo yokuzahlula" - ezi kumanqaku ezisisiseko kwisihobe Vasily. Uhlobo phantse kwayo ngokupheleleyo kwi mood limangalisa ka Zhukovsky, zibangelwa amaphupha kungaqatshelwanga lothando. Ngaloo ndlela, iimeko xesha, okukhoyo kuluntu theka bathanda yoncwadi, kwakunye kunokwenzeka bafika iimvakalelo zakho wembongi. Zhukovsky yokwenza indalo yakho yomxholo sentimentalism romantic landiswa kakhulu uncwadi kazwelonke, babeyivuma into kuye. Nangona kunjalo, asakhulayo imisebenzi yakhe, iinjongo ezintsha, walandela imiyalelo iimvakalelo ikakhulu zobuqu.

Imbongi Vasily Zhukovsky wathimba romanticism aphakathi kukuba ukugcina ngamaphupha yakhe eyimfihlakalo kunye neminqweno. Ixabiso umsebenzi wakhe ukuba kwisihobe Zhukovskogo ukujongwa ukuba ngaxeshanye bakhonza izinto ezifanayo zophuhliso uncwadi. Subjectivism yaba linyathelo elibalulekileyo kususwe ubuchule ngomlomo kubanda psevdoklassitsisticheskogo. Zhukovsky baziswa ihlabathi iincwadi, ubomi engaphakathi, bakhe unangoku engaziwa.

Ithuba ukususela 1817 ukuya 1841 - ixesha xa Vasily owayephila enkundleni. Ekuqaleni, waba ngumfundisi lolwimi Russian. abafundi bakhe neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Elena Pavlovna kunye Alexandra. Yaye ekubeni 1825 Vasily waba Umfundisi Alexander Nikolaevich, indlalifa kwisihlalo sobukhosi. Ngeli xesha Ndandidla ndaya kwelinye Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky. Imbongi waya apho bobabini ngamashishini unyango.

Iindawo ezinika umdla Zhukovsky nemisebenzi ezintsha

imisebenzi Zhukovsky ziyavela ngeli xesha ngokungathi ingozi. Umzekelo, ukuya Switzerland kunye Germany ekwindla ka-1820, Vasily waqala eBerlin ukuba kuguqulwe Schiller kaThixo "Ntombi of Orleans". Ngowe-1821 wagqiba esikolweni iimbeko. Kwaye ephefumlelwe Chillon Castle, ibekwe eSwitzerland, kwathiwa yasekwa translation for "ibanjwa Chillon" Byron (1822).

Vasily Zhukovsky wachitha ebusika buka 1832-33 gg. e Lake Geneva. A Inani iinguqulelo umalusi, Schiller, Uhland, zokuya "Iliad" kunye nabanye. Wavela ngelo xesha. Vasily waya eRashiya ngo-1837 yaye inxalenye eSiberia kunye yindlalifa. Kwaye 1838-39 biennium. wahamba kunye nayo, kunye neNtshona yeYurophu. Zhukovsky baseRoma baba wahlobana Gogol, nto leyo eyabangela uphuhliso mood eyimfihlakalo kumsebenzi wakhe kamva.

umshado

Anabafundi indlalifa yaphela entlakohlaza 1841. Igalelo ukuba saba phezu kwakhe Zhukovsky, kwaba yingenelo. Ke kaloku, ukuba uphendule umbuzo indlela kwakukho ubomi lobuqu Vasiliya Zhukovskogo. E Dusseldorf ngoAprili 21 1841 kwenzeka kumtshato Vasily (oko ke sele iminyaka 58 ubudala) kunye intombi eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala ngomzobi Reitern, umhlobo yakhe yakudala. Zhukovsky wachitha iminyaka 12 yokugqibela yobomi bakhe eJamani kunye nentsapho yomfazi wayo.

Vasily Zhukovsky: biography le minyaka yokugqibela

Kunyaka wokuqala abatshatileyo, wabhala zamaqhawe "eTulip Tree", "ububovu oxwesileyo", "Malunga Ivan Tsarevich kunye Grey Wolf". wabonakala Translation of "I Odyssey" (umqulu wokuqala) ngo-1848, kwaye eyesibini - ngo-1849. Umbongo "I Ezulazulayo umYuda", ngelishwa, akagqiba Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich. biography olufutshane eziphelweni zalo e Baden-Baden ngo-1852, ngomhla we-7 Epreli. Naso xa wafa Vasily oko. Ushiye umfazi, intombi kunye nonyana. Kodwa hayi kuphela. legacy Omkhulu sobuciko wasishiya Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich.

ubuchule yakhe yinxalenye yekharityhulam yesikolo uncwadi. Works of Vasily kwaye ekuthiwa yi abaninzi, ungacinywayo umdla kumntu yakhe. Apha siqhelane ngobomi imbongi Russian omkhulu Vasily Zhukovsky. ubuchule bakhe, siye kuchazwa nje kuphela, kodwa ifanelwe isifundo eneenkcukacha. Qhubeka iyazazi nale mbongi, ngokuqinisekileyo kunomvuzo.