NoMargarita Aliger imbongi: biography, ubuchule

NjengoMargarita Aliger, ogama engobomi lolokwenene umdla abalandeli umsebenzi wakhe - imbongi odumileyo yiSoviet, imbasa Prize Stalin bolwesibini udidi ukuba umbongo "Zoe" a feat ngokungenaloyiko yentombazana Soviet uZoe Kosmodemyanskoy.

ebuntwaneni

Ummi wesixeko Odessa, uMargarita Aliger, engobomi oko ke sikubonileyo, wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 7, 1915 kwintsapho yamaYuda lamagosa ezincinane. Umama engaphangeliyo, uyise - unako womntu ngokubanzi eyayifunde kakhulu, ukuze ondle usapho lwakhe, ukuzama ukwenza uhlobo; enika izifundo, wakhonza iindidi desktop, iguqulelwe. Rita lowo wayengumntwana wakhe okuphela kwaye uyithanda. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-9 ubudala, uyise wasweleka.

impilo Metropolitan

Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni ekuqaleni, le ntombazana wayeyoliswa kakhulu ukufunda, wakhetha imisebenzi Pushkin kunye Nekrasov, waza wenza amalinge kuqala ukubhala imigca yemibongo. italente yakhe ezoncwadi, waqalisa ukubonisa kule minyaka esikolweni; ngokuba zonke iiholide kunye nemisitho emikhulu. Emva kweminyaka esixhenxe isikolo laqhubeka nezifundo zakhe esikolweni imichiza zobugcisa, wasebenza ngokunxuseneyo kwi-mveliso yaye ukulungele ukuba zokudibanisa ubomi babo chemistry. Emva kweminyaka emibini, noMargarita waqonda ukuba ngundoqo ebomini yakhe izibongo kunye noncwadi. -16 ubudala yena abemkileyo esikolweni yaye wafudukela eMoscow, apho wenza bt kwakhe yokuluka. Ukusilela iimviwo ekholejini, wathabatha kude ilitye lembombo, waya kusebenza, kuqala ibe OGIZ Institute welayibrari, yaye kamva kwiphephandaba mveliso. Ngowe-1933, waqala ukuba kupapashwe le magazini "Ogonyok", ube ngumphulaphuli rhoqo izifundo zakhe zoncwadi: iincwadi zokuqala imibongo "Imvula" yaye "kubomi bemihla ngemihla".

NoMargarita Aliger: ubuchule

Ngowe-1934, uMargaret waba ngumfundi i-Institute of Literature ogama emva Mxim Gorky, apho uqeqesho kwenzeka de-1937. upapasho Active yemibongo nokubonakala zoluntu yaqala ngo-1935: ehlabathini babona ingqokelela ezifana "Unyaka wokuzalwa", "Amatye kunye nengca", "Railway". Ukususela 1934 ukuya 1939, uMargaret wayehamba kakhulu, watyelela iLeningrad, Karelia, Central Asia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Belarus kunye Ukraine. Utyelelo ziye negalelo ukuzalwa lwemibongo ezintsha, apapashwa ngabavakalisi ezahlukeneyo ngokuzithandela. Kuba umsebenzi wokuguqulela, ingqolowa ngexesha yaye yandiswa iminyaka emininzi, oko watsala noogxa abaphezulu Lugovskoy V. kunye P. Antokolsky. Iinguqulelo yoncwadi noMargarita wenza ukuba umfundi Russian simazi kakuhle imisebenzi ngababhali abasuka kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwaye namava nentsusa kwento kunye nobuqu ngamnye kubo.

nebhaso lokuqala

NoMargarita Aliger yenye neembongi ezine (Simonov, E. Dolmatovsky, M. Matusovsky), waqamba ivesi Incwadi kubantu yobuqhawe Spain ebudeni bemfazwe yamakhaya kwelo lizwe, nto leyo ingqalelo ngesizathu kukaStalin kunye uvelwano wakhe imbongi isebenza. Njengabanye abaninzi bexesha lakhe 30 Aliger kaMagarita losifovna wayehlala ngamandla yeentsomi ezikhoyo malunga eSoviet Union njengoko ngunozala sokuhlaziywa ihlabathi, uluntu eSoviet Union njengoko okulungile kunye ilungileyo, malunga noStalin - njengenkokheli elumkileyo enkulu. Imbongi wazibandakanya Komsomol, kwaye ngo-1938 uMargaret wayelilungu Union Writers 'kwaye ilungu lebhodi zezithili zeli Krasnaya Presnya. Ngowe-1939, imbongi wawongwa lokuqala ibhaso karhulumente - Order of the Badge iMbeko.

ubomi Family Margarity Aliger

Ngowe-1937 NjengoMargarita Aliger, ogama engobomi elidityaniswe ngokusondeleyo imibongo noncwadi, wadala kusapho umqambi oselula uKonstantin Makarov-Rakitin. Ngelo lokuqala lokuphila kunye ithamsanqa usapho Bakhubeka phezu ubomi impahla: ubomi a awaneleyo emibini yokufunda. Emva kokugula esibuhlungu wayolula nonyaka omnye umntwana ubudala afela sibini, indoda ngokuzithandela kuba ngaphambili wabulawa kwimihla yokuqala yemfazwe. In memory of umfazi wakhe, ogama ukufa noMargarita kuba nzima kakhulu ndati, wanikezela lo mbongo "Ekubeni imbumbulu entliziyweni yam, ndiya siphila kwihlabathi" yaye "Music." UConstantine wakwazi ukuba babhale imibongo eziliqela iingoma kunye pieces ipiyano unkosikazi wakhe: yokusa emnandi. Ukususela kulo mtshato ezandleni Marguerite wahlala intombi Tatiana, yaye kamva ukuqhagamshela ubomi bakhe yamaciko. Wabulawa ngumhlaza igazi ngo-1974. Uyise wentombazana yesibini ingqondo yaba Alexander fadeev, ngexesha utshate Angelina Stepanova - umdlali le Moscow Art Theatre, yaye bazibulala ngo-1956. Intombi cinci amangqina - intombazana entle kakhulu, intsapho nembongi waseJamani Hans Magnus Entsensergerom, waya naye eJamani. Ubomi bentsapho zange isebenze, Maria kuhlala eLondon, wayexakeke kwiincwadi zokubhala kunye namanqaku, iinguqulelo evela IsiNgesi, ubengamazi ngokugqibeleleyo. Ngesiquphe, bonke wazibulala ngo-1991.

NoMargarita Aliger: Imihobe bokulwa

Ukususela ngowe-1938 ukuya 1940 Margaritoy Aliger iincwadi ezintathu zemibongo zipapashwe, ezicwangcisiweyo iiprojekthi ezintsha, kodwa ke iye yakujika imfazwe, inxaxheba ngqo yaye ngoko nangoko apho Marguerite waziva nzima, umsebenzi ngemihla yakhe iimeko lemfazwe, okubhalwe abantwana ababini kwaye uhlala - kuyafana ubomi izigidi ezininzi abafazi Soviet, oomama amajoni, abahlolokazi neenkedama. Ukususela ekuqaleni imfazwe Aliger kaMagarita losifovna lasebenza ongqingiweyo iLeningrad ukubhala lomkhosi iphephandaba "ookhetshe Stalin kaThixo" kwi kubahleli sabelo kokuhamba njalo iindawo ezahlukeneyo ngaphambili. Ingqokelela yemibongo zakhe ( "Xa kukhunjulwa namagorha", "Imihobe kunye Imibongo", "engoma") Aliger yanikezelwa kwabo, bemi phambili kwaye esichengeni ngomzuzu kufa ukulwela ilizwe labo; kuyinto kuphela ngenxa yezi iintliziyo nesibindi, yena kunye izigidi zabemi Soviet baphile, umsebenzi nikholwe kwixesha elizayo. Ngowe-1942 wabhala umbongo "Zoe, 'nto leyo ithetha feat uZoe Kosmodemyanskoy. Ukudala le misebenzi adumileyo nguMargarita eziphathekayo ngenkuthalo ukuqokelela, ndadibana nabantu ababengamazi Zoe: wakhe unina, ootitshala, abahlobo, kuzinze ngokomyalelo intombazana ukufunda esikolweni iincwadi umzimba wakhe, iincwadi qaphela, imisebenzi ezakhokelela imfuneko ubhale malunga ubuqhawe yabafazi Soviet. Ngqo ngenxa yegama le yemveliso Margarity Aliger ebedume waza waba uphawu ubuxoki 'izwe. Kuba umbongo ummiselo "Zoe" noMargarita Aliger etyikitywe Stalin ngoMatshi 21 , 1943 wawongwa Stalin Prize bolwesibini udidi. kweeveki 2 kamva, ngoAprili 3 kumaphephandaba yapapasha ileta evela Marguerite, apho imbongi wacela ukuba anike imali efunyenwe mali engange 50 000 iimfuno ze-Red Army nokwandisa izixhobo izakhono zalo. Nangona kunjalo, esi senzo onesisa engakhankanywanga naphi. Impumelelo umbongo "Zoe" waphefumlela noMargarita ukudala umsebenzi kakhulu nomxholo efanayo. Ngoko ke-umdlalo play "I Tale of inyaniso" yadalwa, nto leyo yaba yimpumelelo enkulu phakathi kubabukeli yeqonga. Emva kokufa kukaStalin kaThixo, uMargaret yabhengezwa abagxeki yimbongi "laliphakathi nje".

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe imbongi

Ngowe-1955, imbongi noMargarita Aliger inxaxheba ekudalweni "Uqobo eMoscow" - ekuthiwa-nobudlelwane Almanac, yaba lilungu le-Union of Ababhali RSFSR kunye USSR.

Kwiminyaka 60-70, imbongi waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe ezoncwadi, imisebenzi yakhe zipapashwa qho, uMargaret watyelela amazwe amaninzi kwaye wabhala umjikelezo lwemibongo ezifana "Notes Japanese", "iintlanganiso ezimbini", "buhlungu Spain", "Ukususela Notebook French" "Italy umphefumlo wam", "Imibongo evela kude," "Buyela Chile." Ngomnyaka we-70 Weza imiqulu zokuqala ezimbini, nayo imibongo imibongo Margarity Aliger, ngo-1984 - ingqokelela umqulu emithathu imisebenzi.

NjengoMargarita Aliger, imbali i umdla wokwenene zesizukulwana sangoku, ofuna ukuyiphatha elidlulileyo emkhosini, wafa Agasti 1, 1992 kummandla villa wakhe kwingozi: wafikelwa sisihogo esinzulu. Imbongi wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Peredelkino kufuphi neentombi zabo.