Logistics Systems - Iziseko Logistics ...

Igama elithi "kwempahla neenkonzo" kwi logistike Greek kuthetha nto yimbi ngaphandle ubuchule yokuqiqa, ukuba ukubala. Yenza le nto yaqala ngenkulungwane yesi-6. Oku kungqinwa azibhala echaza ubugcisa imfazwe ngelo xesha. Indawo logistician ezazikhona kwinkundla soMhlekazi lamaByzantine. imisebenzi Yakhe kuquka ukwabiwa yentengo etafileni ukutya.

Kukho iinkcukacha ukusetyenziswa kwemimiselo lokucwangcisela uNapoleon. Wasebenzisa ukuba ukwalathisa umkhosi wakhe.

In Russian, ibinzana elithi "kwempahla neenkonzo" wabonakala kuphela kwenkulungwane ye-19. Le nto iye yaziswa ingcali French emkhosini Antuanom Zhomini.

Intsingiselo esisiseko yekota

Logistics - le yenye yinxalenye nenzululwazi kwezoqoqosho. Lo mbandela ingqalelo lo mbutho yenkqubo kakhulu kakuhle, ukukhuthazwa kweempahla kunye neenkonzo sasivela umlimi kubathengi. Ukongeza, eyokucwangciswa - yinto uqeqesho, isicelo apho kuyimfuneko uluhlu ulawulo ngempumelelo kwempahla, kwakunye inkqubo yokupasa kwabo kumthengi. Ingqalelo le inzululwazi kunye nokudalwa kwezibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukuhlangabezana nale mingeni.

Ukususela ngokombono ulawulo nawuphi na umbutho Logistics - akukho nto ifana ulawulo lwesicwangciso zonke kwemali eziphathekayo ukusuka kwinkqubo yentengo, ephelisa ukuthengiswa kunye nokugcinwa kwempahla, ubuchwepheshe njalo njalo ukuqwalasela ingqiqo iquka ulawulo lolwazi kunye nezibonelelo zemali lweshishini ...

Ingcamango kwinkqubo yezicwangciso

I-ensayiklophidiya kunokwenzeka ukufumana inkcazo yeseti izinto, ngoxa kuqhagamshelwano ezithile nabanye ifomu nganye ubunye ethile. Kuyinto le nkqubo.

Sebenzisa ingqiqo kwaye sicinga inzululwazi. Ukongezelela, iinkqubo linikisa - a elide Sisiseko ukulungiselela olu qeqesho. Injongo indalo yabo ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko okanye ukonga ukuba kwinqanaba elithile kwi inkqubo yokunikezelwa kolwazi, iinkonzo okanye iimveliso kumqolo ezifunwayo kunye nobungakanani kwindawo ebalulwe isivumelwano kunye nomthengi.

iipropati key

Logistics Systems - na izinto zoqoqosho, nto leyo luphawulwa zokungahambisani lweziqalelo, kuquka:

• ezininzi kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo nakunxibelelwano omnye komnye;
• amakhonkco ezithile ezichaphazela umgangatho ezifunekayo;
• zinto ngokucwangcisekileyo ebalulekileyo ngokwakha ubudlelwane wayalela;
• iimpawu ezimanyanisayo sale nkqubo ziphela, kodwa hayi ezithile nakwiiyunithi yayo ngamnye.

Elements zemveliso kweenkqubo zothutho

Ngokusekelwe kwiinkqubo ngamazwe, abezoqoqosho eziqhitsini bagqibe ukuba imigaqo lokucwangcisela ungomnye imigca buti ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo kuphuhliso eqhelekileyo lweshishini. Injongo nolo phuhliso - ukwandisa ukwanela izinto, abasebenzi kunye nezibonelelo zemali, kwakunye nolawulo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo.

Elements of kwinkqubo yezicwangciso na zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Zibandakanya:

• izinto zoku- ukuba ukuhamba kwempahla (ekulayisheni kunye nokothula iindlela, TC, warehouses);
• Uluhlu;
• eminyangweni yonke imiba yolawulo supply chain.

Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhambela yokumpompoza izinto ezenziwa ngexesha lokusebenza kwabasebenzi abanezakhono, esebenzisa yobugcisa, iintlobo zobuchule, njalo-njalo. D.

Ingcamango kwinkqubo yezicwangciso akwenzeki ngaphandle umsebenzi ecacileyo evumelanayo kwiiyunithi zayo, nto leyo kunye eziliqela iipropati, ezizezi:

1. Ingqibelelo kunye chlenimostyu. Nayiphi na inkqubo, kuquka namalungiselelo, ozakuthathwa isethi lweziqalelo unabanye. Kwinqanaba macro libhekisela kwinkampani ihamba izithuthi phakathi kwabo. A loviwo oluneenkcukacha ngakumbi kwinkqubo yezicwangciso - ingqokelela ezisezantsi ezifana:

• Ngokuthenga, apho le nkqubo lwenzeka kwinkqubo flow yobuchule izinto umlambo;
• ukucwangcisa ulawulo lweenkqubo yokuvelisa ukuthatha isitokhwe enziwe aye ukwenza iindidi ngeendidi zemisebenzi zobuchwepheshe, yokutshintsha isifundo somsebenzi imveliso yokugqibela;
• into okuthengisa yinto outflow of izinto aqukuqela ukusuka kwinkqubo yezicwangciso.

Zonke izinto iimpawu ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ehambelanayo kunye nabanye. ukusebenza kwabo jikelele eqinisekisa ukusebenza yonke kwinkqubo yezicwangciso.

2. Unxibelelwano. Ukuba ziyafumaneka phakathi zonke izinto nokuqhutywa kwenkqubo, belinganisa umgangatho walo ezimanyanisayo. Kwinqanaba macro lobudlelwane bakhonza imvumelwano. Kwiinkqubo mikrologicheskih kukuba ubudlelane kwimveliso.

3. Organisation. Le impahla kwinkqubo yezicwangciso ulunika umyalelo.

4. quality ezimanyanisayo. Lo mhlaba kuchaphazela ukusebenza ngobuchule kwinkqubo yezicwangciso xa iyonke. iimpawu ezimanyanisayo na ukukwazi lokuzisa iimpahla ezifunekayo kumthengi kwindawo ekunene kunye nexesha kunye ukhe. Ukongeza, lo msebenzi osemqoka ikuvumela ukuba ukuqhelana inkqubo xa kuthe lutshintsho iimeko zokusingqongileyo.

ngezigaba

Zeziphi iintlobo lweenkqubo logistics? Zahlula-hlulwe zokuhamba kunye kubekwa, imveliso kunye zomthetho, abasebenzi, ulwazi, njalo njalo. D. Bonke kubo bangamalungu amaqela amabini eziphambili, ezo ezibanzi kunye micrologistical. Ezi iinkqubo eziphambili zamalungiselelo. Makhe siqwalasele nganye ngokweenkcukacha.

inkqubo macrologistical

It is a amakhonkco chain enkulu, nolwenzelwa intlangano ushishino, urhwebo kunye nezothutho, sakuba kumazwe ahlukeneyo okanye kwezinye iingingqi karhulumente. Makrologicheskuyu ifakiwe kule nkqubo kunye mveliso nomlomo. Zonke ezi yunithi kunye zenza izibonelelo neyoqoqosho yommandla, urhulumente okanye iqela kumazwe.

Ukudala inkqubo kwinqanaba makrologicheskoy bezizwe ngezizwe nto kumxholo wawakhoakulula, kuloko. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukoyisa iingxaki zinxulunyaniswa kwiimpawu zoqoqosho esemthethweni ithi ezahlukeneyo. Njengoko kunye nezinye iingxaki ezininzi wadibana iinkqubo namalungiselelo efanayo. Oku ngokungalingani ngokoMthetho ukuziswa kwempahla, kunye neentlobo komthetho zothutho kunye neminye imiqobo.

Ukudala inkqubo macrologistical njengenxalenye yeenkqubo ngamazwe iya kufuna uluhlu kwinqanaba lowiso, imakethi abangatshatanga kunye nendawo kwezoqoqosho oko akukho imida yangaphakathi. Ngelo xesha linye ngexesha nokuthuthwa kwempahla, abasebenzi, imali kunye nolwazi, kufuneka kubekho imiqobo amasiko apho.

Iintlobo iinkqubo namalungiselelo macro zihlelwe yi ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• kwi candelo lolawulo-lwengingqi lizwe;
• ukusebenza ezikhathazayo.

In Western Europe oku sikwenza wayedla into efana nenkqubo macrologistical lwehlabathi. isenokuba zikarhulumente (umz, translational) inkqubo enjalo. lasungulwa kuthatha indawo kwinqanaba lizwe. umnxeba Global kunye nenkqubo interstate, egubungele States eziliqela. Xa ingcamango efanayo ziquka ikhonkco transcontinental, ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwimida amazwekazi eziliqela.

Ngokutsho kubudlelwane ezikhoyo iinkqubo macrologistical ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu. Ngoko ke, ukuze ube:

• Unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo, xa ukuhamba izinto isusiwe ngqo ilandelayo kumvelisi impahla ekupheleni umthengi;
• nomlomo ubuncinane omnye (iinkqubo ezinjalo zamalungiselelo ekubhekiswa ngamaza);
• naluphi uxhulumaniso ngqo okanye ngokusebenzisa umthetheli lokuzisa iimpahla (inkqubo yezicwangciso bhetyebhetye).

inkqubo micrologistical

Olu hlobo mbutho yokumpompoza eziphathekayo tirhisiwaka kwinkampani ethile. Injongo ukwandisa ikhonkco micrologistical ukuhambisa izibonelelo ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yemveliso, ukubonelela, kunye nokuthengisa.

inkqubo lwamashishini Logistics kufuneka siyilwe kwiinjongo zeqhinga yenkampani nokusombulula ingxaki enyusa nokusebenza kwayo. ntuthuko yokuzunguleza imihlaba kwinkampani ethile nganye. Ngelo kwinkqubo yezicwangciso efanayo inika isisombululo umbutho yangaphakathi kwimiba enxulumene intshukumo sokuqukuqela eziphathekayo.

Kwaye kule meko iye nodidi yayo. Iintlobo iinkqubo namalungiselelo micro zihlukaniswe:

• -internal (ngaphakathi);
• zangaphandle;
• ehlangeneyo.

umbono yobuchule yangaphakathi inkqubo yeshishini le yenzelwe ukusebenzisa ulawulo lokusetyenziswa eziphathekayo ngaphakathi kumjikelo uzobe olwenziwe weqonga. iinjongo zalo eziphambili yimibuzo ukunciphisa inventri umsebenzi oqhubekayo kunye nezinto zokusebenza, kwakunye nasekunciphiseni ixesha kwimali eyinkunzi ukusebenza kwenkampani. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwinkqubo yezicwangciso le nkampani kufuneka ukulawula umgangatho nezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokwandisa inkqubo yokuhamba. Isisombululo ngempumelelo kwale ngxaki kuya kukhokelela iindleko zemveliso oluncinane kunye nokwandisa imveliso, lo gama kugcinwe umgangatho ofunekayo iimpahla ugqibile.

Iinkqubo Logistics ukubonakala wadala ukusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene ifoun kunye nolawulo lwempahla kunye lokuhamba ezinxulumene kumthengisi kumthengi. intshukumo enjalo lwenzeka ngaphandle kwe kumjikelo uzobe olwenziwe lweshishini.

Iziqalelo ezakha kwinkqubo yezicwangciso zangaphandle, lo kwempahla neenkonzo kunye nokusasazwa womnatha, ukubonelela ukuhamba iimveliso ezivela warehouses abenzi 'kumboleki lokugqibela. Ezi ziquka zombini kwi-endlwini zokuhamba, kubekwa, njalo njalo. D. Units, wamvusa umbutho owenza ezizukileyo kwempahla. Imisebenzi ephambili ukuba zenzelwe ukujongana iinkqubo namalungiselelo zangaphandle sele ulawulo lwezithuthi lokumpompoza eziphathekayo, kwakunye nokwenza zonke iindleko kunye namaxesha yonikezelo lincitshiswe.

iimeko zoshishino Modern kufuna indlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo ekukhuthazeni flow eziphathekayo. Kwaye apha uncedo kwinkqubo yezicwangciso emanyanisiweyo. Bona isekelwe kwi ekudibaneni kweendlela zemveli kunye nezikim ezintsha zeqhinga nolawulo lwezithuthi. Okwangoku, iinkampani kubukho bukaThixo kuphuhliso lokucwangcisela kwiiyunithi abapasa ukuhamba eziphathekayo kulwazi ekwabelwana kunye platform computer.

Oku kwenza inkqubo-qhinga ezintsha. ulawulo Freyistata Integrated yenza iinkampani ukwandisa kakhulu izinga ingeniso nee-asethi, ukunciphisa uluhlu kunye eziphathekayo nezixhobo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno baxhamli beenkonzo iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neenkonzo. Ukudibanisa umsebenzi abaphathi, onke amacandelo oshishino, kwakunye namaqabane ulungiselelo lothutho, sinako ukufikelela ezingcono iziphumo kwishishini.

Umbutho ekuhambeni lokumpompoza eziphathekayo

Management kwiinkqubo namalungiselelo uneempawu ezithile. Oku kuquka izakhiwo ezifana okuthenga imveliso, ezothutho, kunye nolwazi nokwabiwa. Makhe siqwalasele nganye ngokweenkcukacha.

iingxaki logistics neyokuthenga isonjululwe kwinkqubo yonikezelo kwisityalo izinto ekrwada. Kweli nqanaba ezikhethiweyo kwaye bafunda abasasazi, izivumelwano ezisayiniweyo, kwakunye uphumezo agcina elawulwayo. Kwimeko ye waphula imiqathango yesivumelwano of delivery amanyathelo afanelekileyo zithathwa.

Umzekelo inkqubo yezicwangciso ukusombulula iingxaki ezinjalo, bunokubonwa lweshishini zonke. Kuyo nayiphi na inkampani, kukho iinkonzo kunikezelo zabelwe kwaye yonke imisebenzi ngasentla.

Okulandelayo lulawulo izinto aqukuqela ngaphakathi kwishishini. Oko kukuthi, baphi na elungileyo okanye iinkonzo zikhona. Kweli nqanaba imisebenzi yayo ukusombulula logistics imveliso. Ingakumbi kule sakhiwo kukuba yonke imihlaba lomsebenzi isindululo ukuhamba eziphathekayo lwenziwa ngaphakathi kwemida lweshishini. Ngelo xesha, bonke abathathi-nxaxheba schemes linikisa ukuba angene tovarodenezhnye ubuhlobo. Ngoko ke, lo sindululo flow akenziwa izivumelwano. Ihamba ngokuvumelana izigqibo ziye zathathelwa kolawulo lwenkonzo lweshishini. Sekunjalo, le ndawo lokucwangcisela yemveliso ngokusondeleyo nenkqubo yokuthenga kunye nokusasazwa ngakumbi imveliso ogqityiweyo.

Ingcamango kwinkqubo yezicwangciso ibandakanya imisebenzi lonikezelo kunye nokubulawa. Le misebenzi okubeka zityalo mveliso nje kuphela kodwa imibutho inxaxheba kurhwebo kunye sisazama. Kweli nqanaba kulawulo leesekethe eyokucwangciswa zikhanyisiwe yaye isakhiwo igunya njengoko umsebenzi unikezelo kuchaphazela uqoqosho lommandla. Umzekelo, libhekisela umbutho kwenkqubo, ezijongene ukwabiwa iimveliso zokutya. Kule Logistics flow isakhiwo esibonakalayo kutsalela ingqalelo nqanaba xa kwisiza kwimveliso. Ngeli xesha, ukusombulula imiba zokubopha izikhongozeli, ixesha, umthamo imveliso, njalo-njalo. D.

Okulandelayo, iinkqubo namalungiselelo, ulawulo ugqithele kwicandelo lezithuthi ngezantsi. Kukho imibuzo isonjululwe ngayo intshukumo ngakumbi ezifika eziphathekayo. Bonke bephela kuba kwisigaba lokucwangcisela zothutho. Kanye njengokuba kunjalo kuwo onke amanye amakhonkco chain, akukho imida kuchazwe ngokucacileyo. Iindlela kulungiselelo lothutho lisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokulungelelanisa naluphi na uhlobo zokuhamba.

logistics ulwazi

Yintoni egqibayo intshukumo kwemali eziphathekayo? Ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo ingxaki kunokwenzeka kuphela apho kukho amaqonga ezopolitiko aphuhliswe kakuhle iinkqubo zolwazi nobucukubhede. Ukuba bavumela kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo ukwenza ngokusebenzisa ulawulo lokungena nokuphuma eziphathekayo.

Iinkqubo zolwazi Logistics usebenzisa iteknoloji isilawuli, ulwazi ubugcisa bale mihla kunye nezinye iindlela zokusombulula le ngxaki. Le ndawo ngokusondeleyo namanye onke amaqela ukuba ulawule uphathe intshukumo lokumpompoza eziphathekayo. Xa olu lwazi bananise kuphela ngaphakathi ngokwawo, kodwa phakathi namaqabane ibekwe enye kwenye imigama emide.

Uhlalutyo kwinkqubo yezicwangciso

ukucwangcisa intshukumo lokumpompoza eziphathekayo Nabani luqala ngokutsha imeko yangoku wasinikeza yovavanyo efanelekileyo. Ukuze benze oku, uhlalutyo kwinkqubo yezicwangciso. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuhlola yemeko ezisingqongileyo, kwaye sikhuphisana novavanyo kwemarike, kunye nokumisela iimpawu uphawu ngalunye kwezi amakhonkco chain kuphuhliswa.

Ngophando kwinkqubo yezicwangciso, okokuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuba bane loovimba ukuba ngcono. Okulandelayo ehlola data kanye ezifunekayo ukuze njengenjongo ephambili inkqubo ngokutsha nokusebenza kwemali eziphathekayo. Xa ndiqukumbela, uhlalutyo wagqiba iinketho ukutshintsha inkqubo yezicwangciso ukuba lula ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo kakhulu efanelekileyo.