Izinto eziphilayo: iimpahla zabo, amanqanaba entlangano kunye nokuhlelwa

Izazinzulu ziye zaphawula ngokugqithiseleyo ukuhlukahluka kwehlabathi lethu kwaye ngoko ke zaqala ukufundisisa imbonakalo, imvelaphi kunye nokusabalaliswa kwazo zonke iifom zobomi eMhlabeni. Inzululwazi, efundisisa zonke izinto eziphilayo, imisebenzi yazo, isakhiwo, kunye nesigaba sabo, kuthiwa yi-biology. Ukongezelela, uhlola ubudlelwane phakathi kwehlabathi eliphilileyo kunye nelinye.

Iipropati ezahlukileyo eziphilayo kuphela eziphilayo zinalo zilandelayo: iqondo eliphezulu kunye nobunzima bentlangano yabo; Icandelo ngalinye linentsingiselo yalo nemisebenzi ecacileyo; Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa, ukukhupha nokuguqula amandla ommandla wobomi babo; Ukukwazi ukuphendula kwisitatimende sangaphandle kunye nokutshintsha kwimeko. Ziyakwazi ukulungelelaniswa nokuhlala kwazo (izakhiwo eziguquguqukayo ziphuhlisiwe); Ziyakwazi ukuzivelisa ngokwabo (ukuphindaphinda), zinezizukulwana kunye nobuchule bokutshintsha. Ukongezelela, zibonakaliswe yinkqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ngenxa yeziphumo ezahlukahlukeneyo zezidalwa eziphilayo.

Kukho amanqanaba amaninzi ombutho wobomi, ophakathi kwabo kwintlupheko enzima. Umgangatho ophantsi kunomda ohlukanisa izinto eziphilayo ezivela ezingaphilileyo kwaye zimele isakhiwo se-molecular. Okulandelayo kuza kumgangatho weselula, apho iiseli kunye neempawu eziphambili zesakhiwo zifana nazo zonke. Inqanaba elincinci le-tissue-body libhekisela kuphela kwii-multicellular, apho izingxenye zomzimba ezenziwe kwiiseli sele zenzeke ngokwaneleyo. Isinyathelo esilandelayo sisidalwa esipheleleyo, apha, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zizinto ezahlukileyo kangakanani, zinepropati enye efanayo - zonke ziquka iiseli.
Ukongezelela zonke iintlobo zobomi zihlelwa ngokwemigaqo eyahlukileyo. Kwi-biology, kwaneli candelo lonke libizwa, elibizwa ngokuba yi-systematics, elijongene nenkcazo kunye nokudibanisa zonke izidalwa. Ngaloo ndlela, i-systematics yezinto eziphilayo ziyabelana ngokweendlela zobomi kwi-noncellular (ii-virus) kunye namaselula. Ezi zilandelayo zizahlula phakathi: iibhaktheriya ezilula kunye eziyinkimbinkimbi, izityalo, izilwanyana kunye nefungi. Ukulungelelanisa zonke ezi zinto, kufuneka zichongwe, kwaye le nto impawu isetyenziswa, ezibandakanya: i-morphological, i-biochemical, i-physiological nezinye izinto.
Ingqwalasela enkulu ihlawulwa kwi-biology ukuya kwisifundo sezinto eziphilayo. Zinezinto ezininzi zeekhemikhali ezenza i-organic and nonorganic compounds. Iimpawu zeekhemikhali kwiiseli zezinto eziphilayo ziquka i-athomu ze-khabhoni, eziyimpawu zobomi. Ngokubanzi, kuwo onke amaqumrhu e-organic, iiklasi ezimbalwa zibalulekile ekuphuhlisweni. Ezi ziquka i- nucleic acid, iiprotheni, i-lipids kunye ne-carbohydrate. Izinto eziphilayo zinokuthi zibe neengxenye ezingama-70 zeenkqubo ze-Mendeleev zexesha kwiiseli zazo , kodwa kuphela ezingama-24 zihlala zihlala zikhona (phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, aluminium, iodine, njl.