I-Atlantic sturgeon: inkcazelo, iintlobo kunye nendawo yokuhlala

Incwadi ebomvu iyisikhumbuzo esiphila kuluntu ukuba indlela engenangqiqo kunye neyonakalisa ngayo ubutyebi bendalo. Iintlobo zonke ezibhalwe kumaphepha alo zihlandlo zokucinga ngekamva leMhlaba. Namhlanje, umzekelo unzima kakhulu ukuba ngaba iindidi ezinkulu ze-sturgeon ziya kuphila emhlabeni-i-Atlantic sturgeon. Kwaye xa wayefudula ehamba etafileni kwizidlo ezizityebi kunye nemidlo.

Inkcazo yezilwanyana

I-Sturgeon Atlantic - ingqinamba ukusuka kwiklasi yeentlanzi ezigqithisayo. Kuyo yintsapho enkulu ye-sturgeon. Igama lesiLatin lezilwanyana ze-Acipenser sturio.

Ngaphakathi kwendawo yohlobo lwe-sturgeon, indawo ekhethekileyo inikwe iindidi. Ukunxibelelana kwePhylogenetic kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-sturgeon azifundanga ngokupheleleyo. Kukho inzeka yokuba nookhokho oqhelekileyo kunye neentlobo ezinama-kromosomes angama-120 (stellate sturgeon). Iingcali zenzululwazi azikaseki i-taxonomic status yabanye abantu ababanjwe kwindawo yokuhlala. Uninzi lweengxabano ezungeze abantu baseNorth America be-Atlantic sturgeon, ezama ukuguqulela kwiintlobo zezilwanyana.

Iintlobo ze-Atlantic Sturgeon

I-Sturgeon ingaba yipasipoti, i-pass-pass and freshwater species. Iintlobo ezimbini ze-Atlantic sturgeon zihlala kwindawo yesithuba seSoviet: i-anadromous (anadromous), ihambela emifuleni, kunye nefom (ephilayo) ifom ehlala eLake Ladoga.

Indawo

Kwiintsuku ezindala i-stantgeon yase-Atlantic ehlala eManzini aseNyakatho naseBaltic. Udibene kunye namanxweme aseYurophu e-Atlantic. Ngamanye amaxesha bawela kwiLwandle oluMnyama. Iintlobo zithunyelwa kwiintlanzi zorhwebo.

Ngethuba lokufuduka kwempahla, i-Atlantic sturgeon ingangena emanzini aseKaliningrad, iGulf of Finland kunye neNeva. Kodwa rhoqo kule ndawo akahlali kuyo. Ubambiswano olulodwa kwiLwandle oluMhlophe lwarekhodwa, i-specimen enkulu ibanjwe kufuphi nomlanjeni. Umba. Ifom yefayili yafika emanzini aseMntla Dvina.

Ukuhlala kwabantu baseLadoga kuye kwafundiswa encinane. Kuyaziwa ukuba abazalisi beAtlantiki baya eMlambo waseVolkhov ukuze bahlalise. Izizathu zokuqala ezazisetyenziswa ngaphambili kwiindawo eziphangaleleyo.

Kubonakala

Inxalenye ephambili ye-sturgeon yase-Atlantic yayizikhulu. Ngaphambili, kwakukho abantu abo ubude bomzimba obudlulileyo kwiimitha ezi-5. Isisindo ngexesha elifanayo lingadlulela kuma-600 kg. I-Sturgeons ibonwa njengexesha elide, kwaye i-Atlantic ibonakala ingekho. Kunzima ukufumana iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo kwixesha lobomi bezonzululwazi, kodwa abantu abawela ezandleni zabo babevela kwiminyaka engama-45 kuya kwe-100 ubudala.

Kusuka kubazalwana, i-sturgeon yaseAtlantic ibonakala ngokungabikho kwamacenge ayenziwe ngamagundane e-gill ngaphantsi kwe-isthmus. Umlomo weentlanzi uncinci ngomlomo ophantsi ophazamisekile, intloko iyancipha phambi kwaye ibukeka iphathekayo. Indima yombono wokuthintela uthathwa ngamabini amabini antennae. Amehlo ayencinci, ne-iris yegolide.

Njengawo onke amalungu e-ganoid e-cartilaginous, kwi-sturgeon yaseAtlantiki kuninzi lwamaxesha amathambo omzimba obizwa ngokuba yi-bugs. Kodwa ke le zityalo ezinobungakanani obukhulu kunabanye. I-peduncle ekhuselekileyo ikhuselekiswa yimivalo emikhulu. I-Rhombic bone plaques ikhona emva.

Umbala we-sturgeon awunqabile. Umzimba unomnquma womnquma, ezinye zazo zinemigodi yegolide. Iibhontshisi zinemibala ngokugqithiseleyo kunomzimba oyintloko. Inxalenye engezantsi yomzimba (isisu) imhlophe.

Iimpawu zokuziphatha

Ukugqithisa ama-sturgeon ase-Atlantic ufuduka ukusuka elwandle ukuya emifuleni ukuze uzalise. Abazihlanganisi kwiindawo ezininzi ezifana neentlanzi, kodwa hambani okanye ngamaqela amancinci. Ngethuba lokuvelisa kukho iintlobo zentwasahlobo neyebusika. Ukuhlala kwebusika kwiimvula zamanzi ezitsha.

Abantu abaselula bahlala kwimilambo iminyaka emininzi. Olwandle, abantu abaselula bahamba, bafikelela ubude obude bomzimba (ukusuka kwi-60 cm).

Ukuzaliswa

Ubudala bokukhula ngokwesini kwindoda kuza ngomhla wesixhenxe ukuya kunyaka wesithoba. Ibhinqa ikhula emva koko, ukuya kwiminyaka elinesibhozo okanye elinesine (izifundo zaqhutyelwa oLwandle oluMnyama). Ngethuba lexesha lokuzala, inkazana inokutshabalalisa amaqanda angamawaka ambalwa. I-Caviar icwangciswe kwi-substrate. Uphuhliso lwe-Embryonic lwenzeka iintsuku ezingama-3-4, kodwa ukushisa kwamanzi kufuneka kube malunga no-20 ° C. Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, uphuhliso lwe-embryon luyongezwa kwiintsuku eziyi-10-12. Ngexesha lokuchithwa, ubude be-larva bu malunga ne-10 mm. Iiveki ezi-2 umzimba uphela kwi-18 mm, ngexesha apho izibungu ziqala ukondla ngokuzimela.

Yintoni abayidlayo

Ekudleni kwezibungu zi-cranktaic crustaceans kunye ne-chironamids. Banokukhawula izibungu zezilwanyana. Ama-sturgeon ase-Adult ase-Atlantic adla i-gerbils kunye ne-anchovies, kunye nama-invertebrates ama-worms kunye nama-crustaceans amancinci. Ngamanye amaxesha ekudleni kukho i-shellfish.

Ubume bokugcina kunye nokuloba

I-sturgeon yase-Atlantic ekupheleni kokuphela. Inani labantu ngabancinci, namhlanje ukubanjwa kwe-Atlantic sturgeon kuvinjelwe kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngoko ke, ukuthetha oko kuthethwa yi-Atlantic sturgeon kunzima. Malunga nejelo, kwakhona, kunzima ukuthetha. Ngokucacileyo, kuphela ukuba iinombolo zingabuyiselwa, kwaye ukubanjwa kwe-Atlantic sturgeon kuya kwenzeka, kufuneka kube yintonga enamandla kakhulu. Uninzi lwentlanzi lukhutshwe ngamanetha e-gill ngexesha lokufuduka.

Kwimihla endala kwakukho inqanawa enkulu e-Atlantic. Ukuloba i-Trophy, oko kukuthi, umnqweno wabadobi ukuba abe nommeli omkhulu kunazo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana, wenza iziphumo ezimangalisayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngowe-1851, insikazi yase-Atlantic isigurgeon esilinganisa i-320 kg yabanjwa kwi-Neva. Ukongeza kwi-fillet ecolileyo, ngelo xesha abadobi bafumana i-80 kg ye-caviar. KwiGulf of Finland, i-specimen enkulu yabanjwa ngo-1934. Le ntlanzi yayilinganisa i-177 kg. I-trophy enkulu yafunyanwa eLachiga Lake. I-sturgeon ebanjwe e-Atlantic yayingama-3 m ubude kwaye ilinganiselwa kwi-130 kg. Ukususela kwesikhumba salo mkhulu kunokuba yenziwe ingqungquthela, egcinwa kuMyuziyam we-Academy of Sciences eSt. Petersburg.

Inqaku lokugqibela eliqinisekisiweyo loveliso lwe-Atlantic sturgeon lwenzeka ngo-1984. Ibhinqa yayingama-1.5 m ubude, enesisindo esingama-30 kg.

Namhlanje kuqinisekiswa ukuba i-sturgeon yaseAtlantic igcinwa kuLwandle oluMnyama kufuphi noMlambo waseRioni.

Kutheni inani liyancipha

Umonakalo omkhulu kwimanani ye-sturgeon yase-Atlantic ibangelwa yimisebenzi yabantu. Kwiimilambo zamanzi okanye amadama awakhiwe. Ngokomzekelo, uMlambo waseVolkhov, apho i-Atlantic sturgeon esuka eLwandle Lachiga, ivuselelwa ngo-1926 ngamadama. Kule minyaka embalwa edluleyo, akukho datha kwi-sturgeon kulo mlambo ibiwe.

Umntu uchitha umkhumbi wamanzi kwimifula nolwandle, ukungcola kwamanzi kuthintela inani leentlanzi. Izizathu eziza kubangelwa ama-sturgeons zihlaselwa kukuwa kwehlathi. Iziqu ziqokelele kwiindawo ezihlukeneyo, zivimba iivesi kwaye zibole, ziphazamise umbuso we-oksijini.

Okwangoku, izazinzulu ziphazamiseka yi-cryopreservation ye-genomes, ukwenzela ukuba kukho ithuba lokuphindaphinda iindidi. Le mi sebenzi iza kuvelisa iziphumo kuphela ngokusebenzisana ngokupheleleyo kwamazwe achaphazelekayo.

Umdlalo "wokuloba waseRussia"

Unokubamba i-Atlantic sturgeon kungekuphela kokuloba i-trophy. Namhlanje kukho imidlalo ye-intanethi apho ungabonisa khona izakhono zakho kwihlabathi elithe tye. "Ukuloba kweRussia" (RR) ngumdlalo apho umntu oqalayo angakwazi ukuqonda ngokulula. Kwi-Neva, i-sturgeon yase-Atlantic ibanjwe kwindawo ekhethekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba nguPetros noPaul Fortress. Olu lokuloba likuvumela ukuba uphume ngokukhawuleza amanqanaba kumdlalo, ngaphandle kokufuna iindleko ezongeziweyo.

Iingcebiso kubaqalayo:

• Ukuba ubambe inhlanzi enkulu, sisela utswala kwaye udle indlebe yakho.
• Ukubamba i-sturgeon kukuhle kwi-float, ngoko unokufumana amava amaninzi kumdlalo.
• Ukuba ubambe i-fry encinane, yiphonsa kwintonga yokuloba.

Ukuba ufuna ukudlala kwiPP 3.7. (Neva), i-sturgeon yase-Atlantic kufuneka ibanjwe nguwe. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka uchithe malunga nee-ruble zeebhiliyoni ezi-2. Iindleko ze-Lock ye-Fish iyinkulungwane engama-450 kwi-1 piece, ngoxa uya kuyimfuneko ubuncinane ezintathu. Ikhoyili efanelekileyo, enamandla iya kuhlawula ubuncinci bamawaka angama-450. Ungathenga i-bait okanye uyibambe.