Chita: labantu kunye nembali

sixeko sikhulu, ibekwe kwimpuma eSiberia, ikomkhulu Trans-izimvu Territory, iziko Chita Oblast, a hub yothutho enkulu - ifundeke.

Overview

Uqhekekile umzi omi phezu kumathambeka kwe parameter ezimbini: Yablonovy Cherskogo kunye, xa ekudibaneni lomlambo Chita Ingoda. Ngaphakathi Chita ibekwe Tito iintaba neenduli iimitha 946 eziphakamileyo, ngokunjalo Lake Canan. Lo mhlaba yendalo ezimbini; evela basike emaqeleni ukuya kwimiboniso hlathi entabeni.

Chita ibekwe endaweni ka endibuthethileyo kwemozulu lizwekazi kunye ikhephu encinci ebusika kunye nehlobo elishushu athi ndijonge. Umgama ukusuka kwikomkhulu Russian ka eMoscow - 5000 km.

Ukusuka kwimbali sixeko

Ukuvela Chita inxulunyaniswe kuphuhliso babeziindleko emikhulu eSiberia servicemen zabantu. Ukuya nzulu babeziindleko zaseSiberia emva Cossacks, yaba bantu zorhwebo nezoshishino ezahlukeneyo. Peter Beketov squad ngo-1653 kufika emlanjeni. Ingoda wamlalisa ndlwana. Le ndawo yokuhlala igama Plotbische, t. To. Le eYafo ngokuyidadisa zakhiwa apha, izikhephe kamva. Kunye nendawo eendawo kusilungele, ukuba ekwahlukaneni kweendlela komhlaba yamanzi, Plotbische yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Ngowe-1699, kwakukho entolongweni, nto leyo 1706 wafumana igama Chita.

uphuhliso kwakhe ngakumbi kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo umzi unetyala kuloo kwimigodi XVII ekuqaleni isilivere kwenkulungwane, eyaziwa Nerchenskie, kunye nokwakhiwa izityalo. Chita abemi belo xesha ingafumaneka kwi imithombo ezibhaliweyo emidala kule nkulungwane XVIII. Ngowe-1762, yena nabemi 73. Ukungabikho wezabasebenzi owenziwe usebenzisa ngecala.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, entolongweni waqalisa yokuphatha ulawulo Nerchenskomu Gornozavodsk. It washiya istampu kwi yengqesho. Chita waqhubeka uphuhliso mboni ngenxa yokuba abahlali yayo ukutshisa amalahle ukuze lokunyibilikisa, ngokuthunyelwa kwisityalo Shilka. nomsebenzi Common yabantu balapha kwaba okuloba wehlathi, imithwalo emlanjeni, ukuqabela.

Kwi-20. leminyaka XIX emzini apho kakade abemi 300. Chita Chita yaba embindini kukuliphi. indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso isixeko Ndandidlala Decembrists kulahlwa nzima apha.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX kwakhiwa ummandla Trans-zamanzi. Isihloko Iziko yayo ephambili eyenziwa ezidolophini ifumene Chita, abemi zigazi ekuqaleni ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngowe-1863 mna ndahlala apha abemi amawaka amathathu.

Kwinkulungwane XX weza eziphuhliswe Chita umzi mveliso eSiberia. yakhiwa Railway, esebenza kakhulu mveliso kunye nezityalo. Settlement yaba liziko yorhwebo enkulu Transbaikalia. Ukuze kwakhiwe izindlu, iicawa, zesikhungu zamaSilamsi yasebenza, kwakukho ilayibrari. abemi abaninzi beso sixeko ngo-1910 yaba ngaphezu kwama-68 amawaka abantu.

Emva kokuba October Revolution isixeko kangangexesha elithile yayilikomkhulu eFar Eastern Republic. Ngexesha Second World War kwishishini Chita usebenze iimfuno imfazwe. Ngowe-1945 apha eyamisa kwinzala oyintloko kwiMpuma Ekude, Marshal Vasilevsky. Ukuya ku-1949 kwi-izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo amabanjwa Japanese emfazwe wasebenza.

Kwaphuhliswa iziseko zentlalo kweso sixeko. Chita, leyo inabemi umsebenzi kukothuka kushishino, yaye kwisigaba yezentlalo, ngowe-1972 uye wawongwa IMbasa October Revolution.

Chita ngenkulungwane xxi

Namhlanje Chita - isixeko mveliso yaphuhliswa. ukwakhiwa Eyandisiweyo izinto zamaxabiso ahlukeneyo, ubudlelwane ezintsha lwangaphandle asekiwe, ukuphuhlisa urhwebo. Chita (yabemi mzi uyazingca ngokukodwa le) yayingumntu iMbasa yeSizwe ezazidumile "ngenxa yezenzo ezisemagqabini - nombulelo Russia", oyiphumeleleyo yesine Zonke-Russian contest "Ruble Golden" kwi amalung.

Esi sixeko iiyunivesithi, izikolo, iikholeji ze ukhokelo vocational, amaziko ophando lwezenzululwazi. Chita, apho abemi unalo ithuba lokuphakamisa kwinqanaba zenkcubeko yabo, kukho inani elaneleyo amaziko emfundo ekugxilwe. Esebenza iimyuziyam 24, zemiboniso, isekisi, uluntu Philharmonic, indawo ikonsathi enkulu. Kunye neenginginya rhoqo imibhiyozo kunye nokhuphiswano kwamanqanaba ezahlukeneyo.

Abemi yaseChita namhlanje

Kuba isixeko iphawulwa ukunyuka rhoqo kwenani. Le imeko ebona ukusukela ngemva kwempi. Ngowe-1948, abemi isixeko zabantu 138.000, ngo-1966 - 201 000. Ngo-2002, babengama-317.000. Namhlanje abantu besixeko Chita - abemi malunga 336 lamawaka.