Ummandla Vitebsk: izinto, imbali umdla facts

ummandla Vitebsk yinxalenye Belarus. iziko yolawulo ngumzi Vitebsk, kufuphi ophuma umlambo Zapadnaya Dvina kunye Vitba.

amaxesha principalities

Kucingelwa kwi Stone Age kwintsimi kummandla Vitebsk ukuba ngabemi ookhokho bethu kude kakhulu. Uphononongo ezichongiweyo iziza abantu bakudala kuye kwavula bathi basonta yeBronzi kunye Iron Age.

Xa "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" amaphepha ingxelo odumileyo, nto leyo yakhiwa ngo-862, ngokubhekiselele kwi ubulawuli of Polotsk endaweni namhlanje Vitebsk. I yokuqala Prince of the unit Uninzi yaMandulo sendawo kuloo mmandla kwakukho Prince Rogvolod, kunye nendima owabelwa iziko lolawulo Polotsk. Namhlanje ummandla Vitebsk, nangenxa yokubona aya sichaza kweli nqaku, kukhangeleka, Kakade ke, into eyahlukileyo.

Xa Ekuveleni XIII-XIV iinkulungwane, oko baqalisa inkqubo olukhawulezayo yophuhliso kummandla, ngokwemiqathango kurhwebo kunye nenkcubeko. Sele kwinkulungwane XVI. ummandla maxe- Orthodox neetempile yezikolo yokuqala wavula. Ngokubanzi, ababhali-mbali ummandla Vitebsk umdla kakhulu - zonke izinto zibekwe apha, akunakwenzeka ukubona ngamini-nye.

Uphuhliso ukususela kwinkulungwane XVI

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVI. eYurophu, ukufumana amandla Polish Kingdom, emva ukuhlanganisa kunye Grand Duchy of Lithuania ubumbe Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Atshintshe ngamandla ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVII. kunye namazwe Vitebsk, kunye neziphumo. Isithuba okuvelelayo ukholo yamaKatolika, nokomeleza uphuhliso ibandla Dominican, ukusekwa wamaJesuit College kunye namabala monastery Bernardine. Ngendlela, namhlanje - ezinomtsalane eziyintloko kummandla Vitebsk.

Ngowe-1866, i kaloliwe isebe ukusuka Eagle kuya Riga kunye nemizi ezimbini komkhulu Russian uBukhosi, kwakunye Kiev ne Brest, kubandakanywa ukwakheka kwalo Vitebsk. Yaye 1914, Vitebsk - ummandla omkhulu esixeko kunye noshishino ephuhliswe kakuhle. Phambi kokuba revolution 1917 ukuya kwiziza ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa yesixeko usebenze phantse i-8% abemi 109.000 abahlala kuyo.

Kweli thuba ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Epreli 1919 Poland wathabatha ithuba imfazwe yamakhaya kwi intsimi, zitshone zisabonakala, uBukhosi Russian, awuthimba yinxalenye ilizwe Belarus kunye nemali ekhoyo Minsk. Noko ke, kwiphondo Vitebsk wahlala Soviet Russia.

indawo Vitebsk Modern

Vitebsk oblast Imfundo uwa embindini ngoJanuwari 1938 A July 11, 1941 Vitebsk kwakukho amajoni German ezitratweni. Ebudeni beminyaka yemfazwe amaJamani phantse ngokupheleleyo iidolophu ezinkulu.

kummandla Vitebsk Modern idume kumgangatho ophezulu kuphuhliso lwamashisini kunye nezolimo. Ugunyaziwe wengingqi ikhuthaza imithendeleko umculo, yaqalwa kunye nezinye iziganeko yenkcubeko. Njengoko isihloko kweziko kummandla wacofa odumileyo "Slavic Bazaar". Ngoko ummandla Vitebsk, nangenxa yokubona aya esixubusha, mhlawumbi ngokukhuselekileyo ukuqwalaselwa kunye neziko yenkcubeko lizwe.

Ezinye iinyani ezinika umdla enxulumene Vitebsk oblast

Le dolophu zincinane ndawo Disna, apho ibekwe phezu komlambo kwegama elifanayo. Ukususela ngowe-1921 ukuya 1939 dolophu ingqalelo yinxalenye Poland. Kwaye ukusukela 1959 oko uzuza iwonga layo ngoku - Disna (kummandla Vitebsk). Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo zako ezahlukahlukeneyo. Abakhenkethi ahambele apha:

• esibhedlele (ekuqaleni XX apha.) - amanxuwa;
• Site of inqaba yamandulo (XVI-XVII kwiinkulungwane.);
• estate "Doroshkovichi";
• Uvuko Church.

Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba isiseko sebali inoveli A. S. Pushkina "Dubrovsky" wakhonza njengoko isiganeko esenzeka bonke Vitebsk efanayo. Ingcamango umbhali odumileyo Russian kunye imbongi waphefumlelwa ugxa wakhe olungileyo Naschokinym P. V. Vitebsk Pushkin kaloku, ngowe-1823, ndayalelwa nenyanga-13 ireferensi Odessa. Kwaye ezinye ezi izinto ze kummandla Vitebsk bazinikele ukuya kwesi siganeko.

Yinto eyaziwayo, ukusuka eParis waqalisa ukuba ahambe lonke elaseYurophu, Renaissance, Renaissance. A Vitebsk, mezhdk ndlela, isihloko bobabo kwikomkhulu yesibini indlela zobugcisa. Ngelishwa, le nto, bambalwa ndikuvile.

Namhlanje Vitebsk sibe nebhongo yenani elikhulu yezinto zexabiso kwimbali nenkcubeko. Kukho 219 ezikhumbuzo, isibhozo ezisingise kwimbali ezintandathu - to zakudala. Ngaba zizityebi izakhiwo ezindala kummandla Vitebsk. Indawo inokuba ixesha elide ukubukela, ukuphulaphula amabali umdla zabantu bendawo nezikhokelo.

Ubuntu ebalaseleyo kummandla Vitebsk

Vitebsk wazalwa waza wakhulela Mark Shagal. wachitha zakhe iminyaka ebuntwaneni Pokrovskaya esitratweni. Endlwini apho wawuhlala ngumzobi adumileyo elizayo, ngoku imyuziyam. Zonke izinto kule ndlu, kwafuneka yokwenza ubuchule Chagall, ngoku kuboniswa kule myuziyam njengoko nemiboniso.

Njengoko amaxwebhu agciniweyo ngo-1896 waseFrance uFernand Guillen ngokwesiseko isivumelwano esigqitywe norhulumente lesixeko, waqala ukwakha Ogqobhozela tram zombane. Ngenxa yokuba oku kwiminyaka emibini kamva, umzi sele bendihamba uhlobo engaqhelekanga zezithuthi zikawonke. Museum imbali lugcina kukhunjulwa isiganeko ekhethekileyo - tram yokuqala, egqalwa ikratshi Vitebsk.

NgoJulayi 1895, Ndingumhlali wase Vitebsk Drevnitskoy om wakwazi lomhlaba ngempumelelo iparashute, kangangokuba waba waduma, waba parachutist lokuqala ababhinqileyo.

Ekuqaleni-imi- 80 lwekhulu XIX. Vitebsk Umfoti Sigizmundu Yurkovskomu weza umbono omuhle - ukuxhobisa ngephanyazo yekhamera. Oku ngokwenene revolution entsimini lwemifanekiso.

olunika umdla sempi

Wemfazwe kwimbali kummandla Vitebsk kunye uphawu negalelo. Ngoko ke, iinyanga ezi-3 Vitebsk waba umkhosi uNapoleon kaThixo awuthimba zone ngexesha leMfazwe ka-1812 yeRhuluneli Ibhotwe, ngelo xesha phezu kwingcinga Hill, uNapoleon wakhetha ukubeka kwikomkhulu lomkhosi. Kulo mzi Belarusian soMhlekazi French ngoAgasti 3, kwafuneka ukuba usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe elandelayo.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Patriotic Ebalulekileyo Vitebsk wayengomnye enzima. Phantse zonke izindlu zitshabalale (93%) kunye 167 amawaka abemi ukusinda 118. kuphela Noko ke, emva kokoyiswa abahlaseli zamaNazi waqala ukwakha isixeko.

zesikhumbuzo Military ukuba ummandla odumileyo Vitsebsk - imibombo, apho lowo akanako ukumshiya nabani akanankathalo.

Ili Repina Museum kunye Hagia uSophia

Kwi 16 km ukusuka Vitebsk iyimyuziyam-kwilifa Ili Repina "Zdravnevo". Kude 1892 Manor kwathiwa Sofievka. Yena bathenga peredvzhnik mculi ku iimali ezifunyenwe emva intengiso yokudweba * uKhesare Alexander III yakhe edumileyo, oluveza yingqokelela scene Zaporozhye Cossacks ukubhala impendulo umbusi Turkish. Kule Manor iikulya Repin waphefumlelwa ukuba ukudala ngaphezulu kwama-40 ngemisebenzi yakhe, kuquka "Moonlight", "Autumn Bouquet", "Ilanga" kunye nabanye.

Yaye ecaleni Ilungiselelo imithi yekalika, ongenise artist, usenalo ithuba ukuhamba abatyeleli kwilifa.

Polotsk ngaphandle Castle iSt Sophia Cathedral (Nozipho okanye Ubulumko oyiNgcwele), ikhuselwe yi-UNESCO. Ku fanele ezindlwini yokuqala ka-Orthodox, lo gama Belarus uthathwa ukuba itempile yokuqala yakhiwa ngamatye. Malunga in XI. Wizard Vseslav wayalela ukwakha itempile, engumqondiso amandla Polotsk. Kwase waba naye senior kwekomkhulu loBukhosi baseByzantium.

City Deep neetempile kwisixeko Lepel

sisixeko elihle Deep (kummandla Vitebsk) ibekwe 187 km ukusuka Vitebsk. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo yendawo isibheno nabani na uyayixabisa izakhiwo ezindala:

• Mill (1911);
• WaseKarmele Monastery (XVII-XIX c.);
• Cathedral ye nesigcawu of ungowokubongwa Virgin Mary (1639-1654 g);
• St. Trinity Church (1628).

Nokuba phakathi komzi kukho amachibi ezintlanu. Abakhenkethi kufuneka bahambele Gluboksky olondolozo lwembali ngenkcazo.

Kunye iingcali yeetempile kufuneka ubone ezinika Lepel (kummandla Vitebsk)

• Chapel of St George (1900);
• Chapel-nadmogile (XIX apha.);
• Church of St. Paraskeva (1841-1844 g);
• Church of St. Casimir (1857-1876 g).

Le dolophu ukwakweli Vitebsk kumgama km 110. Lo mmandla ngokukhawuleza ekuphuhliseni - zonke izakhiwo ezitsha zakhiwa, izikolo kunye eziguqulweyo.

ubuhle esingu zemvelo

landscape reserve Republican "Yelnya", ibekwe kummandla Miory, edume amachibi glacial yamandulo kunye amadobo, xa Eyokuqiqa apho wabatyeleli nguye ndijonge. Omdala (waye kweminyaka ngaphantsi kwama 9000 eminyaka ubudala) kumgxobhozo ebizwa ngokuba "Yelnya" yi-20 amawaka. Iihektare.

Ekwindla umhlambi apha amanani amakhulu milenge hina namarhanisi. iindawo balapha esisityebi kunene cranberries. Le berry zithandwa kakhulu kangangokuba qho ngonyaka nokuba ngumthendeleko ekhethekileyo eziphilayo imbeko yakhe.

Nalu uluhlu lwe ezinomtsalane kakuhle kummandla Vitebsk, leyo kufuneka ubone wonke babatyeleli batyelela Belarus:

1. Ingqikelelo Holy Cathedral (Vitebsk).
2. Hagia uSophia (Polotsk).
3. Hall (Vitebsk).
4. Yazo Belarusian (Polotsk) Museum.
5. Isikhumbuzo amagorha Patriotic War of 1812 (Polotsk).
6. ibhulorho Pushkinsky (Vitebsk).
7. Peter yokuhlala I (Polack).
8. Cathedral ye nesigcawu of ungowokubongwa Virgin Mary (Deep).
9. Culture Traditional Museum (Braslav).
10. Eli bhotwe yesikhumbuzo "Rylenki".

Olu luluhlu Ubuncinane into elingene ingqalelo zonke umkhenkethi.