Uphi na lo cosmodrome "Plesetsk"? Uququzelelo ngqo

Ukuba "Baikonur" ingaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi Wazi ngoko ke umbuzo indawo ye cosmodrome "Plesetsk", abaninzi ebhidekile. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba akazange athethe kakhulu malunga naloo nto. Kufuneka abuyise ulwazi zilahlekile.

Xa sonke saqala?

Ebusika 1957. Ku wagqiba ukuseka iziko yasemkhosini ngoJanuwari. Waba ukuba umchiza yokuqala enjalo imijukujelwa weave. Lo nyaka wabona ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa enezakhiwo kuqalwa. Okwangoku, esi spaceport uneendawo lokwazisa ezintandathu, ezinye zazo zisakhiwa.

Indlela ukuba ukhethe indawo?

Ngoku kungenzeka ukuba babe nomdla apho "Plesetsk" nje - le spaceport odumileyo, uze emva koko kwafuneka ukufumana ntlango onguwabo.

Nangona izinto ezininzi kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Baye andilahlekwanga ukubaluleka abo ehlabathini namhlanje. Indawo apho cosmodrome "Plesetsk", ziyakhawulelana miqathango ilandelayo:

• kufutshane kwisikhululo sikaloliwe;
• ithuba zahlasela utshaba ezinokubakho;
• ukuthotyelwa kwemiqathango osemfihlekweni;
• Kuye Uzakubanethuba lokuyivavanya-adubula kummandla ena Peninsula;
• zisuswe kumaziko ezinkulu zabemi kwaye ibekwe endaweni enabantu abaninzi.

Zonke ezi mfuno bahambelana ingingqi umgama ukusuka Arkhangelsk. Ukuba kukho indawo apho cosmodrome "Plesetsk".

Yaye yintoni na ezihambelanayo yayo?

Akusoloko ulwazi olwaneleyo malunga nento zisuswe Arkhangelsk ukuya kumgama omalunga 180 km ukuya ezantsi. Kuyenzeka ukuba kufuneka wazi ngqo apho cosmodrome "Plesetsk". Zika uya kuza lokuposa.

Nangona kunzima kakhulu ukuthetha malunga idatha yendawo ngqo zokusonjululwa kuba kakhulu kolulwa phezu kwintsimi enkulu. Kodwa kunjalo. Uninzi imithombo zibonisa le ngcaciso ilandelayo:

• nasentshonalanga empumalanga - 40.68º okanye 40 ° 41 ';
• yobubanzi ngasentla - 62.96 62 ° okanye 57 '.

Incinane nje yembali yayo

Isindululi yokuqala yagqitywa kwiminyaka emibini emva kokuqalisa kokwakhiwa. Emva konyaka waqalisa wokuqala enomjukujelwa ukulwa umsebenzi (ngo-1960).

Emva kwenye kweminyaka emithathu, isigqibo sokuba ukusebenzisa amandla ekhoyo yokuqalisa satellites. Kwaye ngo 1966 ukusuka cosmodrome "Plesetsk" lathunyelwa orbit kuqala kubo. Emva kwesi siganeko, lo spaceport iye yasetyenziswa ngenkuthalo. Kwaye ke engamashumi amabini ezayo zaye luphawulwa inyaniso yokuba omnye kwabane ngokusesikweni isithuba ihlabathi lwaqhutywa kuloo ndawo.

Ide ekuqaleni kuka-1999 kwenziwa ngaphezu kwewaka izithuthi sungula.

Kwaye loo nombolo, 49 kuphela ababehamba kaxakeka.

Izicwangciso ngokusebenzisa Baikonur kukho into malunga nokuphunyezwa kwe vaakelani va swi.

Ulwazi malunga launch kunye eyingqongileyo

"Test 1 State" - igama esemthethweni cosmodrome "Plesetsk". Isishwankathelo ngayo yile:

- Igama banikwa isikhululo "Plesetsk", ukubayinxalenye emNtla Railway ;

- le ndawo iphawulwa njenge ithafa lihlangana ihewu-ezifana;

- intsimi ibekwe kwi kwimozulu ezigabadeleyo njengezwekazi, esibonakala yi hexa kakhulu yaye kubanda kakhulu;

- le launch ligubungela ummandla ka-1762 km ^2;

- ubude balo ngaxeshanye - malunga ne-46 km, kunye ithe cwaka - 82 km;

- iziko lolawulo Baikonur ise kwidolophu Mirny,

- abemi balo buyahluka ukusuka 30 ukuya amawaka 50 ebantwini, eli xabiso kuxhomekeke yintoni umsebenzi olwenziwa "Plesetsk";

- ubume umzi - CATF, leyo imela "nakumdlalo City".

Yintoni ifuthe kokusingqongileyo?

Ummandla apho cosmodrome "Plesetsk" Noko ke, njengazo zonke ezinye, kunganzima ukuba kuthiwe indalo. Kodwa kamva kulo. Ekuqaleni utshintsho eziye zenzeka kokusingqongileyo. Kwaye ke zisekuhleni kanye. Ngenxa yokuba ukwakha ngokwayo spaceport kunye nenkonzo izibonelelo ezifunekayo kwindawo wakususa. Kwakhona efunekayo ukwakha izakhiwo zokuhlala nakwizibonelelo zokuxhasa abasebenzi zibe kufutshane umsebenzi.

Ikakhulu kakubi ngenxa nalwa le imijukujelwa, apho wabahlula ngexesha esemoyeni. ummandla Arkhangelsk linendawo 11 ekungqulekeni. Kukho uphuhliso kangako, umhlaba awusetyenziswa iinjongo zezolimo. Kwaye sonke ngoba iintsalela banokuba kwezi njengeziqhubeli. Uqulathe eyona iziyobisi dimethylhydrazine zinetyhefu unsymmetrical kwaye isebenza isichumiso nitrogen, nokukhawulezisa ukukhula kwezityalo. Ngoko ke, ujikeleze spaceports baye bajongwe ukukhula okwandileyo yengca kwiindawo apho amafutha ukuba achithwe.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kakhulu lehlile inani ekuqaleni-ups kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngoko ke, iindawo eziwa of imijukujelwa othwala yaba ngaphantsi. Kule meko, uyazikhomba kwezinto ezinobungozi lihlile.

Ukongeza zonke kuphehlelelwa ngokusesikweni lwakamvanje olwenziwe kwamafutha ubunjwe separafini neoksijini engamanzi. Kuphela wambi wenza imijukujelwa ukuba zisebenzise amafutha endala eziphaphazelayo. Oku kwakhona anefuthe elivakalayo uyondelelwano lwee- dimethylhydrazine kunye tetraksida nitrogen kokusingqongileyo. Kuyahluka ezantsi. Ukongeza, 4 etiphini ngokubanzi awusetyenziswa kangangeminyaka eliqela. Abanye - nkqu nangaphezulu 10.

Nje ixhomekeke kwindlela esicinga ngayo amafutha iphalale. Ziziphi ukutsha ngaphakathi injini, akukho nto imbi ngenxa kukuphuma. Kuba bebesenjenjalo inkxaso eliphezulu lobushushu zamafutha combusted phantse ngokupheleleyo. Iziphumo yokutsha yayo amanzi, icarbon dioxide kunye nitrogen.