Bomber Strategic Tu-95: iimpawu kunye photo

I TU-95 - elide-uluhlu bomber, ibekwe kwi isikrweqe Russian. Ngaba enomjukujelwa qhinga ukuya turboprop-amandla. Namhlanje yenye ekuhlaseleni ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini. Le ifundwe American ubizwa ngokuba "I Bear". Le yokugqibela Russian moya turboprop, yamkelwa kwimveliso mass. Okwangoku kukho ezininzi zokuguqulwa.

History of zokwakha

Bomber bomber TU-95 kwimo yalo yantlandlolo yayiyilwe Andrei Tupolev ngo-1949. Development zisekelwe imodeli 85-th-moya. Ngowe-1950, imeko yezopolitiko ujikeleza USSR ifuna inzuzo qhinga nangoko. Esi sizathu sokuba ekudalweni enomjukujelwa entsha phambili nge-high speed kunye neempawu elawula. Injongo yale yophuhliso yaba ukuphumeza uluhlu ubuninzi kuba ixesha lifutshane kangangoko.

Ngehlobo lowe-1951 kule projekthi okhokelwa uN Bazenkov, kodwa kungekudala kakhulu ke indawo yi S. Eger. Yeyona "Bear" kucingelwa ukuba uyise yokugqibela. Sele lokuqala bomber sokuzoba TU-95 kumangaliswa ubukhulu namandla alo. elenziwe ngamaplanga bahleka-up iye yaze umboniswana olubanzi projekthi.

Ngo-Oktobha 1951, i-TU-95 ekugqibeleni yavunywa wemveliso. Uphuhliso prototype olwenzeka iinyanga ezimbalwa. Ku kuphela ngoSeptemba 1952, lo moya eyanikelwa Zhukovsky indiza. Iimvavanyo Factory azikho ixesha elide ukuza. Testing kuphumelela, ngoko ke inyanga kamva, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukubambelela phezu isampuli bomber yokuqala. Iimvavanyo waqhubeka malunga nonyaka. Ngenxa yoko, lo mshini somnikelo umqhubi ludize inani iingxaki ezinzulu. Uvavanyo ayiphumelelanga motor wesithathu. nawo yawo yatshatyalaliswa ngomlilo emva kweenyanga ezimbini kuphela emva kokuba kuqale uvavanyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ezo njineli senze umsebenzi ukulungisa iimpazamo ukuba ezi olahlwa bangagxothwa kwi zibalekele. Ekupheleni kuka-1953 ngenxa yeengxaki ezifanayo wafa 11 Indoda crew, kuquka umphathi.

flight sasekhaya

Le bomber entsha prototype bangena moya ngoFebruwari 1955. Emva koko, a pilot uvavanyo waqeshwa M. Nyuhtikov. Yaba nguye owenza loo moya yokuqala kwase entsha. Iimvavanyo zagqitywa kamva kuphela konyaka. Ngeli xesha, i bomber ngobuchule Tu-95 bomber labhabha malunga 70 moya.

Ngowe-1956, kwaqalisa moya ukufika kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya Uzyn ukuze isetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo. Bomber lempucuko iqale ekupheleni kuka-1950. Production kunye nebandla buso TU-95 baxoxa Kuibyshevsky moya mveliso. Kwaba khona ukuba okokuqala kwakukho iinguqulelo enomjukujelwa kunye zikhali. Ngokuthe ngcembe, lo imodeli 95 yaphinda yakhiwa phantsi zonke iintlobo iimfuno wamajoni: ukuhlola, ukuqhumisa iinjongo ezikude, iinkonzo abakhweli, ilabhoratri umoya, njalo-njalo ...

Okwangoku, ngobuninzi i TU-95 emkhenkceni. Noko ke, le projekthi nangoku kuxhaswa yi-Force Air kunye nabasemagunyeni Russian.

Iimpawu design

Missile inenkqubo elizimeleyo ngqo yangoku unikezelo ngokushushubeza amaphiko, isiqu kunye somfanekiso ngezikhonkwane. I-injini luqulathe iiseti blade biaxial AB-60K. Impahla gumbi ise phakathi fuselage kufutshane umndululi, apho ayinakutshintshwa imijukujelwa iza ezintandathu. Kukho amathuba uqhagamshelwano lweemveliso ezongezelelweyo nokumiswa.

Russian Tu-95 yi isithuthi umoya gear ezinamavili kokwehla. On yevili ngalinye angasemva iye inkqubo yalo wayaphula lakhe. Xa uthatha off inkxaso kubuyiswe kwi fuselage kunye nephiko-nacelle. Lawo phambi namavili lixhotyiswe inkqubo ngamanzi, yaye ngasemva - iindlela zombane kunye igunya ukuya eqhelekileyo 5200 watts. Emergency lokuvula kwisisu semoto kunokwenzeka kuphela ngoncedo sokutsala into ngentambo.

Ndlwana ndinyanzelwe ukuba abasebenzi. Xa likaxakeka izihlalo ejection ukuba disengaged ukusuka moya ngokusebenzisa ukukhuhla ezizodwa, apho ibekwe ngaphezu izixhobo elakhiwe ngaphambili. Njengokuba amagwegwe izandla usebenzisa ibhanti yokuthutha. Ejection ukusuka ngasemva bomber inikwa ngenxa resettable ukukhuhla.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba enomjukujelwa kufakwa isihlenga ubomi ekhethekileyo kwimeko ebikhona phezu kwamanzi.

Ukucacisa injini

Turboprop Tu-95 phakathi koyena enkulu-cabin moya ezintathu ehlabathini. Le yoko kwenziwa Bulelani enjinini TC-12, nto leyo iba injini ophezulu kakuhle 14 isigaba isiguquli. Ukunyenyisa parameters, inkqubo semigudu air bypass. Xa oku ukusebenza turbine lwe SC-12 ifikelela phantse-35%. Esi salathisi phakathi ekuhlaseleni turboprop yirekhodi.

Ukuququzelela Ukulungiswa amafutha injini sakhiwe kwibloko elinye. Power NK-12 yi-15 kumawaka eminyaka. a. Kulo mzekelo, injongo kuqikelelwa kwi-12 amawaka. Kg. Nge amafutha ngokupheleleyo moya gumbi inokubhabha ukuya kwiiyure 2500 (malunga 105 iintsuku). ubunzima Motor yi tons 3.5. Ubude NK-12 imele iyunithi esiziimitha ezi-5.

Le Ububi obukhulu injini ingxolo yalo phezulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le lo moya zingxola kakhulu ehlabathini. ngamandla ayo uphawula ukuba ii nkwili ufakelo Locator. Kwelinye icala, xa ugwayimbo Inyukliya akukho ngumba obaluleke kakhulu.

Phakathi kwezinye iimpawu enomjukujelwa kukubonelela ngezikhonkwane esiziimitha ezi-5.6. inkqubo anti-icing Okunye okuphawulekayo ligoba. Lo ufakelo electrothermal. Kwamafutha nakwesiphi injini kunye fuselage le matanki caisson. Ngokusetyenziswa ngezikhonkwane inkqubo HPT kakuhle kunye nokuphucuka ngaloo ndlela 'singapheli "qhinga moya flight uluhlu kuthelekiswa into lubalwa ixesha Tu-95.

iimpawu imizili

Lo moya ungakwazi ukumelana ukuya izisebenzi 9. Ngenxa bomber isicelo ezithile ubude kufuneka leemitha 46.2. Kulo umda iphiko imalunga-50 m. Imilinganiselo enomjukujelwa qhinga ngokwenene hit umbono. omnye kuphela indawo nephiko kuthatha ukuya macala 290. m.

Ubunzima TU-95 kuqikelelwa kwiitoni ezingama-83,1. Nangona kunjalo, kunye ubunzima epheleleyo itanki inyuswe ukuya kwi-120 lamawaka. Kg. Yaye phantsi ubunzima bomthwalo idlula iitoni 170. amandla rated kwenkqubo isimiso - 40 amawaka kW ..

Ngenxa NK-12 bomber ekwaziyo ngezantya ukuya ku 890 km / h. Ingxoxo kuphela yayizihambela 750 km / h. Ukuziqhelisa, uluhlu flight enomjukujelwa imalunga 12 lamawaka. Km. ephakamisa isilingi yahluka ukuya ku 11.8 km. Ukusuka efunekayo band ka-2.3 amawaka eemitha.

kwezikhali bomber

Lo moya uyakwazi phakamisa emoyeni ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-12 emthethweni. Ziyaqhubeka yafakwa fuselage. Kuvunyelwe svobodnopadayuschih imijukujelwa yenyukliya ubunzima kwafunyanwa iitoni 9.

Tu-95 ngegama abe kwezixhobo onombono ukuzithethelela. Siqulathe shaka 23-nawethu. Xa iinguqulelo ezininzi efakiweyo bafundelane ngezibini AM-23 phezu ezantsi, phezulu kunye aft iindawo moya. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kukho umpu moya GS-23.

Kwimeko yokufakela inkwili AM-23 izixhobo kunye nenkqubo ekhethekileyo yokutsala igesi oluzenzekelayo. Umpu iqhotyoshelwe ukuya emthonjeni kunye umatshini ukhokela umzimba ibhokisi. Bolt kuzo zombini ezi meko, ithambeka nesinqumka. Ugcino lwamandla kunye nokudambisa iimpembelelo ukusuka ngasemva umpu usebenzisa eyodwa iyunithi air Ukuvuya womserbia.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ubude AM-23 malunga ne-1,5 leemitha. Ubunzima umpu olunjalo 43 kg. Isantya shooting - up to kuqhume 20 ngomzuzwana.

iingxaki yokusebenza

Uphuhliso enomjukujelwa yaqala ubunzima appreciable. Omnye ezingalunganga olona ndlwana. Ekuqaleni Tu-95 iye kakubi aguqulelwe moya onokulufikelela emva kwexesha elide. Ngenxa nezihlalo ntofontofo kwi abasebenzi rhoqo emva kuqaqambe, imilenze yakhe baphelelwe. Yangasese wonke Itanki eqhelekileyo eziphathwayo nge commode. Ukongeza, ukuba yome kakhulu kwaye ezishushu ndlwana, umoya ke buzane ioli uthuli. Ngenxa yoko, eli qela wala moya prodelyvat elide-moya olungalungiselelwanga ukuze.

Ngokuphindaphindiweyo iingxaki kunye nenkqubo oyile kunye engine. Ebusika, umxube iye anquma izimbiwa athi achaphazela ngqo isantya iqhosha lemenyu. Kumanqanaba okuqala ngenxa kokuqala iinjini ukuba esotha ngephiko kwangaphambili. Le meko ingatshintshwa nge ukukhululwa kwimveliso elikhulu-isikali ioli ekhethekileyo injini.

Isicelo lokuqala

Tu-95 waye yokuqala eyabonwa kwisikhululo senqwelo moya kummandla Kyïv ekupheleni kuka-1955. Kwathi kanti, ulungiso ezininzi yokuqala zahlangana 409 TBAP. Kunyaka olandelayo, kwasekwa elinye ibutho division, nayo leyo wafumana indawo le ezine TU-95. Kangangexesha elide, abathwali enomjukujelwa ezaxhobela kuphela Ukrainian Soviet Air Force. Noko ke, ekubeni 1960. TU-95 nokulungalungiswa zayo ezigqityiweyo hangars zomkhosi kummandla eRashiya-yanamhlanje.

Ukwenza regiments ngeenxa ekuhlaseleni aba nogwayimbo ngokukhomba kwi imikhosi ezicwangcisekileyo NATO engasezantsi Asia, ngokunjalo China. Moya zazisoloko ku qwa. Kungekudala, abasemagunyeni US babone olwenzeka eyingozi enjalo yokulwa amandla neziseko zazo namaqhina oonozakuzaku baye iqhagamshele. Ngenxa yoko, i-eSoviet Union kwakufuneka kubasasazela inkoliso enomjukujelwa phezu nommandla wayo.

Ekubeni nenani-1960. TU-95 waza waphawula phezu Arctic, i-Indian Ocean, izowuni Atlantic neBritani. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo izenzo ezinjalo eli lizwe awasabela ngolona hlobo, enkqonkqoza ngezikhali. Noko ke, yayenziwe akukho iirekhodi ezisemthethweni amatyala abanjalo.

isicelo muva

Ngentwasahlobo yowe-2007, enomjukujelwa Russian ngokuphindaphindiweyo ndazigcina emoyeni ngenxa imisebenzi yamajoni British Army. izehlo ezifanayo zenzeka kwi-Gulf of no Hebrides. Noko ke, ixesha ngalinye okwemizuzu embalwa esibhakabhakeni ukunyuka Fighters British usukele umnwe sakhatshwa TU-95 ngaphaya kwemida yawo.

Ukususela ngo-2007 ukuya kowama-2008, abathwali enomjukujelwa injalo kwi iziseko zomkhosi nabakhi moya NATO. Ngeli xesha, kwakukho omnye ukuwa bomber TU-95. iinkcazo esemthethweni bezichaziwe ngoonobangela ngozi.

Namhlanje i "Ivelisa" ukuqhubeka intelligence imisebenzi yayo ehlabathini.

Plane Crash

Ngokutsho manani, qho kwiminyaka emi-2 kukho bomber ingozi enkulu TU-95. Bebonke ngexesha lokusebenza lungqubene 31 ngezikhali. Inani kwabafileyo ngabantu 208.

Le ngozi yakutshanje Tu-95 kwenzeka ngoJulayi 2015. Le ntlekele yenzeke ku ukuguqulwa moya. Esona sizathu siphambili ekuweni ingcali tsalela imeko eziphelelwe emzimbeni le yunithi.

bomber Accident Tu-95 MS kuye kwabulawa ngamalungu amabini abasebenzi. Le ngozi yenzeke kufuphi iyavuma. Kwathi kanti, kwi umjukujelwa zibhabha nangoko bekhanyela bonke injini.

bexhobe

TU-95 kwi-balance VVS USSR de yiSoviet Union uwa ngo-1991. Ngelo xesha, inxalenye enkulu waba inkonzo Ukraine - malunga 25 ii nkwili. Bonke aba yinxalenye webutho ekhethekileyo enzima e Uzin. Ngowe-1998, isiseko unqamkile khona. Isiphumo yaba ukurhoxiswa moya nentshabalalo zabo ezilandelayo. Inxalenye ekuhlaseleni ukuba aguqulwe abe ukuthutha yorhwebo.

Ngo-2000, Ukraine yanikezela eseleyo Russian TU-95 ukwenzela intlawulo yetyala yoluntu. Imali iyonke uhlawulile malunga $ 285 million. Ngowe-2002, 5 TU-95 sele naguqulwe kancincane kwi-moya nemiba ngemiba-enzima.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le kwezikhali Russian ibandakanya ii nkwili 30. Enye units 60 yokulondoloza.

ukuguqulwa ezinkulu

Eyona ukwahluka iqhelekileyo original TU-95 MS. Lo moya ephethe iza Kh-55 imijukujelwa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ziza kuhlala kakhulu phakathi nabanye imodeli 95.

Eyona ethandwayo olandelayo kugqalwa nenguqulo Tu-95 A. Kuyinto imisebenzi ngwenya zikhali. Zibonisa lamagumbi awodwa ukugcina ezase radiology. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele luguqulelo uqeqesho kunye oonobumba "U" yaye "CS".

Ukuthelekisa ne analogue angaphandle

Uninzi eyiyona ekubalulweni ye TU-95 zezi bomber American B-36J no-B-25H. Ubunzima wesiqhelo kunye nobukhulu akukho mahluko esisiseko. Noko ke, umjukujelwa Russian liphuhlisa kwisantya kakhulu avareji: 830 km / h xa kuthelekiswa 700 km / h. Kwakhona, i-TU-95 yi yokulwa enkulu kakhulu radius kunye noluhlu. Kwelinye icala, US analogue isilingi practical ngasentla malunga-20% kunye banzi bay impahla (iitoni 7-8). Ibambelele Motors malunga ngokulinganayo.