Bomber Strategic moya Tu-95MS "Bear"

Emva kokuba Russian Federation iye ukuqhuba iinqwelo-moya nezithuthi moya zesicwangciso ezazisa kwimo, eendaba yaqala ukubonakala iingxelo ukuba moya Tu-95MS zibonwa kufutshane imida emoyeni kwi-United Kingdom, Guam, Japan kunye nezinye iindawo apho ngaphambili umsebenzi onjalo anayenza. imida Air, amandla wethu umoya ungaphulwa kukuthi, kodwa nabo ngokusondeleyo, oko kubonwa yokuziphatha abanabuhlobo. Ngamanye amaxesha ngenelela (kwemiqathango) ukubhabha interceptors NATO, kwaye isiganeko ilungiswe. Kuphela mzuzu kwilizwe Screw bomber "Tu" abanye abahlalutyi zomkhosi ebizwa ngokuba "amazwi". Nangona loo isiteketiso izinyeliso, imbonakalo yakhe kufutshane umsebenzi kwindawo imikhosi kunye navies yamazwe seentshaba ezinokwenzeka yinkxalabo. Kutheni?

Ukuqala xesha "Hey-zibhubhisa"

Tu-95MS "Bear" - owayeyinzala ngqo "moya-95-1", owokuqala wazeka ukuya emoyeni ekwindla ka-1952. Intsebenziswano inxenye ehlotyeni yaqala ngo-1956, malunga ngokufanayo eMelika, kwakukho kwaqashwa B-52 ethwele inkonzo namhlanje. Iziganeko ezandulela prehistory ethile.

Ngo-Agasti 1945, i-US Air Force wenza bombing ezimbini atomic kwizixeko Japanese. Ngomhla bona yomkhosi le mfazwe izazinzulu zezopolitiko bathi, kodwa ifuthe zengqondo, Kakade ke, kwenzeka. Ixesha ngengqondo atomic. ubunkokeli Stalin kaThixo kwacaca ukuba ilahleko ukuzimela neAfrika ngaphandle imikhosi yabo wenyukliya USSR. Kulo mzekelo, i iziqhushumbisi ezininzi (oko sele ziphuhlisiwe) akwanelanga, kufuneka sibe njengendlela yonikezelo. umlinganiselo Okokuqala kwaye ubengokufaneleyo athathiweyo kweli cala phezulu yaba, "iBoeing" B-29 "Stratofortress", siye ngokuba Tu-4. Ngowe-1950 uqale yaseKorea kweMfazwe, apho imikhosi US sele yemveli kunye qhinga obuvunyiweyo wayekholose iziqhushumbisi ekhaphethini olwenziwe umoya ezinkulu, eziphaphazelayo abahlele tight. Le nkqubo, kunjalo, akuphumelelanga.

Ukwenza of "The Bear"

Emva kokuba imbonakalo esibhakabhakeni abalwi jet Korean mig-15 sesichengeni eli B-29 kwabonakala. Indida yayikukuba abathungi moya eSoviet ngezandla zabo ukuphikisa ingqiqo bomber wenyukliya injini piston (oko kukuthi, i-Tu-4), kunye enye evela eSoviet Union ngelo xesha wayengekho. Njengoko ngokungxamisekileyo wathintelwa umsebenzi kwi imodeli kuba ye-Tu-85 ngenxa iphelelwe yayo kwisigaba yoyilo lo. KB AN Tupolev wabelwa ukuba udale i-moya carrier svobodnopadayuschih yeetoni olutsha iziqhushumbisi ukuba andizele phezulu kakhulu, ngokukhawuleza kwaye kufuneka kuliwe enkulu radius. Zalisekisa iprojekthi enjalo ingaba yokusebenzisa iinjini turbine kuphela. Phakathi-1951 waqalisa ukusebenza. Ngo-1952, baba nempumelelo, isiphumo yaba moya index wayengaphakamanga "95", ithuthelwe isikhululo seenqwelo-moya "Zhukovsky" kwaye yebandla likaSirayeli. Ngaphandle, phantse akazange sahlukile ekuhlaseleni Tu-95MS, eziphaphazelayo namhlanje.

wesakhiwo ngokubanzi

Ngemithetho ubeko yanamhlanje "athwale" (njengoko wabizwa NATO) ayikho emangalisayo. Ukuqhuba Classic, lo fuselage icandelo setyhula cross (ngokuqhelekileyo isigqibo Tupolev), itshayelwe iphiko, sredneraspolozhennoe. Iingcali ukumangala ngamahlanu okuqala kubangela nacelle elide kakhulu ngenxa yamandla injini ophezulu, kunye neendlela angaqhelekanga bafaki. I-Tu-95MS hhayi ifakwe (njengoko B-17 okanye B-29) izikrufu amane anesibhozo. On axis nganye motor batshintshana waso oppositely (ngenxa ngokomfuziselo umdla kakhulu nezixhobo) ezimbini, utyekelo apho yabe nayo ine wokwephuka esahlukileyo. Ngaloo njalo ukwalathisa emoyeni, ngaloo ndlela ekuzuzeni ukusebenza eliphezulu kakhulu (ukuya kwi-82%). Le isisombululo ngoko nangoko Bayingenisa parameters zesityalo amandla kwi-Tu-95MS level umgangatho kufutshane yokusebenza turbojet.

Ngaphandle kwezi mathuba ezingaqhelekanga, wachukunyiswa ubungakanani kunye nejiyometri le airframe. ubude kunye iphiko kweminwe - malunga nama-50 eemitha. Uhambo Weight - iitoni 180.

Ke ubunzima umthwalo yokulwa, ngexesha kwamkelwe sasifana kwiitoni ezingama-12, kodwa inkqubo yokucokisa nokuphucula uyilo baso ukuzisa ukuya t-20 (njengokuba enzile Tu-95MS "Bear").

"Out of lembombo '

Ukwanda amathuba lweenkqubo air zokhuselo, kokubini USSR kwaye kuyo imfazwe yaye kumazwe aphikisanayo, ngokuthe ngcembe phantsi ingcamango usebenzisa Ziyaqhubeka svobodnopadayuschih, spetszaryadom ingakumbi izixhobo. I-United States kunye eSoviet Union ngexesha Ukuqonda oku amakhulu okulungileyo ezikumgangatho oomatshini eziluqilima ukuba abe inani iimpawu moya unique (uluhlu, isantya, ithwele umthamo). Xa labo nolwakhiwo eninzi imali ichithwe. Kwakufuneka ukufumana ukusetyenziswa entsha. Akwaziwa ngubani sacinga ukuba usebenzise bomber luphaphazela njengoko isindululi ngenxa imijukujelwa cruise, kodwa yona ukulondolozela kwiklasi iphela moya. Modified Tu-95MS kuye kwaba 'moya-ibhetri ", ezenzelwe ukuba uqalise CD kommandla cala, ngaphandle kokungena utshaba elibala edubula ngebhaqo ngeenxa ekoneni.

version kuthuthwa

Ukuqalisa evela ngamahlanu (kwaye kwezinye iimeko kumaxesha angaphambili) ekuhlaseleni waba uhlobo 'donor "umkhweli izithuthi. Le meko kakhulu uphawu le CB AN Tupoleva ngokwaneleyo ukuba ukukhumbula odumileyo Tu-104, nto leyo zilwe yokuguqula TU-16. Urhulumente sele kudala ingqalelo iindleko ezingeyomfuneko kuyilo iimoto kuphela emkhosini, ibe lukhetha ukusetyenziswa lwezoyilo esele zenziwe ze aziqhelanise nazo. Tu-95MS ekuhlaseleni esebenza ixesha elide ngaphezu kwezinye iinguqulelo ze umkhweli "95" Tu-114, sele wakhonza kwi "Aeroflot" aze ixesha ahlangule jikelele unobhala Khrushchev eUnited States.

self-yokuzikhusela

I-50 kunye 60s feed nompu emplacements zixhotyiswe nokuba ukuthutha moya AN-12. Namhlanje, ezi zixhobo zibonakala lixesha, yaye ingcamango usebenzisa sekhe moya ukukhusela nxamnye karma - kom-. Kunjalo zokudubula enomjukujelwa carrier Tu-95MS ukugcina ukuvuleka kwayo - 23 mm. Kwinguqulelo yokuqala kakhulu (ukuya komboko ezintandathu, 3 inkqubo iwele). Nxamnye evuthayo "umoya-to-moya", ke amathuba ukunceda, kodwa anike ezinye ithuba ukubonisa abalwi kuhlaselwa ikhweyitha angasemva. Xa design yayo isityalo kunye kunaso GS-23, malunga efanayo naleyo isetyenziselwa ukufaka i-Tu-4, izixhobo zokudubula ngokubanzi luphawulwa conservatism.

The main isikhali

Cruise imijukujelwa X-55 - lo kwezikhali engundoqo Tu-95MS. Iimpawu zabo sifanelwe inqaku eyahlukileyo, kodwa indlela ukuhlanganiswa yabo ubume indiza original yaye inomkhitha indlela yaso. amaqokobhe ezintandathu ngamaphiko isongwe, kanye njengoko neekhatriji ibekwe igubu ukuba ivolovolo ibekwe ngaphakathi fuselage. Emva kokuqalisa yonke enye irula inkqubo lwangaphakathi esijikeleziswa yi degrees 60, kwaye elandelayo X-55 ilungele ukwahlukana ngokusebenzisa bay intlekele enkulu.

iipayiloni Underwing (abane kubo) zibalwa ukunqunyanyiswa ezilishumi imijukujelwa imikhumbi, moya payload ivumela ukuba ithwale ubunzima enjalo, nangona iimpawu moya yancitshiswa, kwandisa utsalo ashukimisayo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, amafutha, kunye noluhlu kunciphisa.

iimeko crew yokusebenza

Tu-95MS - hayi imoto kakhulu bekhululekile. Lo moya kakhulu ngokusondeleyo, nakuba izinto ezininzi ezingemnandi ngqo iinguqulelo ngaphambili, ngoku basuswe. Crew phambi endlwaneni xinzelelo ukwenzeka phezulu leri nge aqandusele emazantsi isaphetha, kufuphi intsika phambi isisu semoto kuyo ushiya lo moya xa likaxakeka. Ukuze kukhawuleziswe inkqubo wasinika uhlobo ibhanti yokuthutha, kodwa iparashute ukutsibela phantsi kusoloko kuyingozi kakhulu, njengoko uninzi iingozi umoya kwenzeka kwiindawo ezise ephantsi (andize kunye kokwehla). Isilinge hlobo angekhoyo.

cabin diff xinzelelo lixhotyiswe yaso kuleyo lakhe. Kuba usindiso kule ngozi phezu eYafo ngokuyidadisa sawa ulwandle enikiweyo.

Abaqhubi bakhalazela eliphezulu kwinqanaba kwengxolo (iinjini zinamandla kakhulu, kuba-15 amawaka. Eelitha. With., Ke izikrufu zinkulu kwaye kukho ezisibhozo). Alale kunye yangasese. Nakuba kunjalo, khumbula ukuba usebenze kuyilo 95 iqala kwi Stalin xesha, xa lo mbandela lula lifumene ingqwalasela encinane.

amathuba

Aerodrome moya ehlala ihleli, "Engels" kummandla Saratov yaqala emva kokuwa Union of kwindawo usekela engundoqo iiyunithi 32 ka moya-90 yenza oku ukulungiswa. Ngowe-1992, umba i "Ivelisa" Tu-95MS yagqitywa. Iimpawu enomjukujelwa ukuba iSebe lezoKhuselo ukuba bathembele amathuba ukusetyenziswa kwawo iminyaka ubuncinane enye ezilishumi.

Flight ekungabalwa-6 ukuya ku-10 amawaka. Km ibonelela yokulwa izakhono ezendeleyo moya esizukulwaneni. Akhawulezise ku 900 km / h ekwafanekisa le Ipharamitha wathi bomber, B-52 enza imisebenzi efanayo. Ithuba ukufakelwa kwezixhobo zemfazwe electronic ishenxisa eliphezulu "Bear" ukubonakala ukuya radar yotshaba. Uthintelo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ixesha ubomi nkonzo. Nakuba kunjalo, i-Tu-95 obumiselwe ukurhoxiswa emva yokugqibela babaleke baphume eludinini. Endaweni yazo uya kuvuka ukusebenza enomjukujelwa qhinga mihla.