Amashishini amakhulu eRussia. amashishini Industrial eRussia

Industry wenkqubo yinxenye ebalulekileyo kwisakhiwo noqoqosho lweli lizwe. indima yayo ephambili umiselwa ukuba unikeza kuwo onke amacandelo ezoqoqosho , izinto ezintsha, izixhobo. Phakathi kwezinye amacandelo lumile imisebenzi rayono- kunye complexing.

Ngokufutshane malunga koshishino Russia

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inani lwamashishini eRashiya ikufutshane enxebeni 460 eliwaka, amathuba emisebenzi kubantu phantse zizigidi-15, imiqulu iimveliso zabo ligqithisile uphawu engange-21 ezigidi. Industry welizwe lethu iphawulwa isakhiwo lweentlobo kwaye ezahlukeneyo ebonisa utshintsho ukuphuculwa imikhosi onemveliso, uphuhliso kwicandelo sendawo yabasebenzi. Elidityaniswe ngqo inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa.

ngezigaba

amashishini Modern industrial eRashiya iphawulwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu obungcali. Ngenxa kwicandelo nokubanzulu yabasebenzi wavela amacandelo ahlukeneyo, amacandelwana kunye iintlobo zemveliso. Bobabini, akha isakhiwo sesebe. Ezili-mveliso ezinzima ezifana nombane, amafutha, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ahle kunye nonferrous, zenkcenkce nobunjineli boomatshini, petrochemical, imichiza, Intlama nePhepha, amahlathi, processing iinkuni, iimveliso zokutya, ushishino kukukhanya ngokuqaqambileyo ulwahlulohlulo mihla yangoku. Loo candelo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi zoqoqosho nezentlalo, ezi iintloko phakathi apho: inkqubela zobugcisa, inqanaba lophuhliso, iimeko zentlalo kunye nezembali, zendalo izixhobo, imveliso izakhono nabantu basekuhlaleni.

Industry lungohlulwa lube:

• Mining. Oku kuquka amashishini anxulumene nje kuphela, kodwa imigodi kananjalo iyileyo. Ukongeza, iquka kuloba nezilwanyana zaselwandle, intlanzi kunye nokutya kwaselwandle.
• Processing. Ezi ziquka amashishini zoshishino eRussia benza kusenziwa imveliso imboni. Ukongeza, oko kuquka nokulungiswa behlathi kunye izinto zezolimo. Le industry sisiseko lonke ushishino elinzima lizwe.

Amashishini inkulu eRashiya. OAO "Gazprom"

Cinga neenkokeli ezisixhenxe nokubeka Iinkampani ezinkulu kwilizwe lethu. Ekuqulunqeni le luhlu kuthathela ingqalelo asethi zabo, ingeniso kunye neengeniso. Ubukhulu becala kuluhlu omkhulu kuquka amashishini lwemichiza Russia, hayi kanye mandithi, omnye kwamasebe aziintanga - ioli. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Ngoko ke, inkokeli ekuzibonakaliseni - i JSC "Gazprom". Le nkampani igesi Russian yasekwa ngo-1989. Esebenza kwicandelo negesi kunye noshishino nokwabiwa negesi. "Gazprom" senzeka elinesihlanu ehlabathini-asethi zalo inzuzo kwi indawo 24 kwi simo neenkampani zehlabathi. Inkqubo yezothutho gas lweshishini yi 160 ophosa kwaye mde kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. 51 ekhulwini iinkampani zikarhulumente. Ixabiso lentengiso "Gazprom" ngaphaya 156 ezigidi. US dollar, ingeniso yayo $ 150 yezigidi zezigidi. Dollars, kwaye kuqikelelwa-asethi ezingaphezu kwama-303 ezigidi. Idola. Le nkampani inika amathuba emisebenzi ngaphezu kwamakhulu amane amawaka abantu.

"Lukoil"

Ukuqwalasela amashishini amakhulu eRashiya, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubalula le nkampani. It zibalwa yesibini lweFIFA. Liye lazilungisa le nkampani ngo-1991. Umsebenzi ephambili JSC na prospecting, imveliso, yokucokisa ukuthengiswa oli negesi yendalo. De 2007 inkampani ngobukhulu kwimveliso ye-oyile, ngokubhekiselele kwingeniso kuthatha indawo yesibini emva "Gazprom". Ekuqaleni kuka-2011, i-oovimba "Lukoil" ye hydrocarbon nkampani yesithathu simo yehlabathi neenkampani zabucala, kunye noovimba neoli - ehlabathini kuqala. Ngoko ke, ixabiso layo lwemalike ngaphezu $ 55 billion; asethi - 90,6 billion zeerandi; nengeniso - $ 105 billion; kwengeniso ngonyaka - 111,4 billion zeerandi; inzuzo - 10.4 billion zeerandi. Le nkampani inika amathuba emisebenzi ngaphezu kwesinye anamashumi amahlanu amawaka abantu.

OJSC "Rosneft"

Le nkampani kwakhona wangena uluhlu lweenkampani Russian, ii-asethi zazo ukuze akhuphisane iingxilimbela ehlabathini. JSC wadalwa ngo-1993. owona msebenzi wayo - na imisebenzi nobukrelekrele, oyile negesi, kwakunye ukuveliswa petroleum kunye petrochemical iimveliso. An into umdla kukuba le nkampani ngo-2007, ngaphezu "Lukoil" okhuphisana lwalo ngokuphathelele kwimveliso ye-oyile ngokusebenzisa ukuthengwa "asethi Yukos '. Indleko yale lweshishini imalunga $ 80 billion .; nengeniso - 63 billion zeerandi; ingeniso - malunga $ 60 zezigidi; asethi - 106 billion zeerandi; inzuzo ekufikelelwe $ 11.3 yezigidi zezigidi. "Rosneft" inkampani inika amathuba emisebenzi kubantu malunga 170 amawaka.

OJSC "Sberbank of Russia"

Lo mbutho iqinisekisa ukuba elikhulu amashishini karhulumente- Russia ukusebenza kuphela kumashishini extractive, kwindawo yesine lweFIFA inkampani ngezezimali. JSC sisigqeba zebhanki jikelele njengoko inika uluhlu olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo kweenkonzo. Ngoko ke, njengoko idatha ka-2009 isabelo yayo kwimarike idipozithi Russian yaba ngaphezu kwama-50 ekhulwini kunye neemali ipotifoliyo mboleko ukuya ngaphezulu kwe amathathu ekhulwini mboleko eziye zakhutshwa kwilizwe liphela. Ixabiso lentengiso "Savings Bank" lumalunga $ 75 zezigidi; isabelo asethi - 282,4 billion zeerandi; inzuzo - 31,8 billion zeerandi. Le nkampani inika amathuba emisebenzi engaphezulu kwama-240 amawaka abantu.

OJSC "TNK-BP Ephethe"

Le nkampani wahlelwa kuthelekiswa kutshanje - ngo-2003. elithile lakhe kwimveliso ye-oyile kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Isiseko indalo yayo yaba ekuqaleni zixatyiswe TNK kunye British BP. Ixabiso lemakethi ebambe yi 51,6 ezigidi zeerandi; kwengeniso - 60,2 billion zeerandi; inzuzo uza $ 9 billion. Le nkampani inika imisebenzi engaphezu kwama-50 amawaka abantu.

OJSC "Surgutneftegas"

amashishini amakhulu Russia ajoyine esinye "neftesos," wagqiba kwindawo yesithandathu lweFIFA. OJSC yasekwa ngo-1990 yaye yenye iinkampani ezinkulu oyile negesi kweli lizwe. Le nkampani ibhaliswe kwi Khanty-Mansi Ukuzilawula District, kwisixeko Surgut, kuloo ndawo enye kwaye ibekwe ikomkhulu layo. Indleko eqikelelwayo lumalunga $ 40 zezigidi; asethi - 46.6 billion zeerandi; kwengeniso - 20.3 billion zeerandi; inzuzo - 4.3 billion zeerandi. "Surgutneftegaz" inika amathuba emisebenzi engaphezulu kwama-110 amawaka abantu.

JSC "Bank VTB"

Ugqibezela kuluhlu lwethu kwelinye iziko zemali. Ukuqala Umsebenzi yayo ngu-1990, phambi kokuba inkampani ngokuba "Vneshtorgbank". Lo mbutho lwehle nako ukujikeleza ubungakanani eyinkunzi eligunyazisiweyo "Sberbank of Russia", wathabatha indawo yesibini strong ngokwemiqathango ye-asethi. I-ofisi eyintloko yenkampani kubekwe e Moscow, kodwa kwindawo yokwamkela yi ingqukuva lenkcubeko Russia - St. Petersburg. Ixabiso lemakethi inkampani, njengako preliminary kuqikelelwa ukuba 26.4 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi; Inhloko - 19.7 billion zeerandi; asethi - 139,3 billion zeerandi; kwengeniso - 12.6 billion zeerandi. Le nkampani inika amathuba emisebenzi kubantu phantse 70,000.

Njengoko ubona, isikali yawa nje kwiinkampani ze-oli kunye negesi kunye namaziko zemali. Nangona kunjalo, amashishini amakhulu e iRussia ziphelele sphere kwemigodi, kodwa abanako impahla ezininzi kunye neenzuzo kwendawo, kodwa ke into lokuqhayisa. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye zazo bangena Guinness World Records. Kodwa ezongezelelweyo kwelo kamva.

amashishini Russian mveliso. "Works Izhora"

Le mali lwamashishini, kodwa ayikwazi ukukhuphisana iinkokeli lweFIFA, kodwa yena uyaziwa yaye ehlonelwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Esi sityalo yenye nje enkulu ehlabathini, esikwaziyo ukuvelisa phantse zonke iindawo. Ezinye zazo ayifumaneki naphi na. Le nkampani ibhekisela amacandelwana zobunjineli enzima. Le elise Kolpino (eSt Petersburg). Xa nokuhlelwa zesityalo iquka ukumbiwa enamandla, izixhobo lothuli namandla, iiflethi, ulangazelela, nangaphezulu. inkampani Kolpino nguye kuphela eRashiya nomvelisi casings ukuba zamandla zenyukliya.

"Uralvagonzavod"

amashishini zokhuselo Russian ziquka izityalo ngaphezu kwama 1,200 kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Uninzi lwabo baziwa kakuhle, kunye nemveliso yazo ngamaxesha analogue ehlabathini. Noko ke, kweli nqaku siza sijonga kwishishini ngokwemiqathango yobukhulu bawo, kule nkalo, kufuneka kugxininiswe kuphuhliso "Uralvagonzavod". Ngenxa yobukhulu balo kwakunjalo Guinness Book of Records kwaye nenkampani ezinkulu ehlabathini, kunye ummandla 827.000 square metres. Ifunyanwa kummandla Sverdlovsk, kwisixeko Nizhny Tagil. Enyanisweni, lo uphando kunye nemveliso corporation, nto leyo inxaxheba kuphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo ezitsha emkhosini, oomatshini ukwakhiwa kwendlela, neenqwelwana kaloliwe. Iqela lidibanisa iinkampani zemveliso, agcina uyilo kunye namaziko ophando. Urhulumente onazo zonke nezabelo yenkampani.

Ekuphetheni

Nangona kwintlekele yoqoqosho lwehlabathi phantse kunqandwe, eRashiya luhlala igunya lehlabathi mveliso. Kutshanje (kwimeko historical), ilizwe lethu liye kakhulu watshintsha indlela yayo yophuhliso, yaye namhlanje akukho namnye unako asole baseRashiya akukho umnqweno ukusebenza, ukwakha ikamva labo sele phantsi zokwenene wongxowankulu. Vumela abagxeki bathi isabelo kwemveliso yoshishino e-Russia chu uyehla isidingo kuphela kumashishini extractive, ukuba izinto phantse yonke ekrwada kwamanye amazwe. Kakade ke, la mazwi abanye inyaniso, kodwa kucingwa ukuba, njengokuba endle, apho ixoxo nexoxo liyazigxumela. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isakhiwo ukwakhiwa kunye namashishini woshishino eRussia olukhula ngokukhawuleza ngendlela izityalo uphuculo ukuguqulwa enkulu ukusebenza ngemigangatho emitsha kunye nobuchwepheshe. Ngoku ke kugxininiswa kwimveliso inokusebenza ngokorhwebo ubuncinane inani labasebenzi. Oku kufezekiswe ngesicwangciso izixhobo ophezulu zobugcisa kunye nokwanda isabelo lo matshini kwenkqubo yemveliso.

Le meko iye yakhokelela ekubeni inani lezityalo iye kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo landa kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, le ncwadana yenzelwe lula yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo kule ubunzima iinkampani ungabona kuyo zingaphi iinkampani eRashiya, iinkcukacha zabo zoqhagamshelwano, oko uvelise kwaye iintlobo nezinye iinkcukacha eziya kuba luncedo kuzo zombini oosomashishini kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo. Lo mbono yaqaphela-sikhokelo project "yonke Ishishini of Russia."