Gondola: iinkcukacha. gondola jikelele

Ukwakhiwa iinqwelo zezomoya yenziwe ngendlela yokuba izinto kamva kuthuthwa kunye neemveliso bunjalo. Ukongeza, ukuba ukuhlangana izixhobo kaloliwe efanayo kufuneka ibe ngendlela efana ukuthobela zokuhamba ingaba ukhawulezise kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Iintlobo Kukho iimoto imithwalo eziliqela. Zokuhamba kufuneka wenziwe, umzekelo, hoppers okanye kumaqonga. Zonke ezi modeli kufuneka iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo. Gondola jikelele, nangona kunjalo, ekungoku nje iintlobo ezininzi ngokubanzi bakwaloliwe ezisetyenzisiweyo kuyo yonke indawo.

Iimpawu design

Linophawu engundoqo iinqwelo olu hlobo na ukungabikho kophahla icala eliphezulu. imithwalo Ukuhanjiswa kulo mzekelo athululwe okanye zibekwe kwi emzimbeni phezulu - kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa. Namhlanje phezu kololiwe Russian idla ngokusetyenziswa uhlobo olulodwa iimoto pondola mayixhotyiswe nophahla asuswayo. Inzuzo le mifuziselo kuba lula kulayishwa edityaniswe ukukwazi ukuthutha, kuquka ingqalelo iimeko zemozulu ebuhlungu iimveliso okanye izinto ekrwada.

Yintoni zingasetyenziswa

Gondola yenzelwe ukuthutha impahla kuqala ezimbaxa kunye jikelele. Kuthuthwa ngayo kubo melkokuskovannye zacwangciswa. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ngokufuthi uthuthwa iinqwelo olukhamisileyo nemithwalo bulk, ezifana:

• nsimbi;
• nakhandiweyo namatye uhlalutye;
• gangue (on zokulahla);
• amalahle;
• ibeka kunye ezinkulu;
• rye wokudla, ingqolowa, njl

Kungenxa ukuthutha iimpahla nokuba umfuziselo ngaphandle kophahla iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo. Gondola kubalwa ngokubanzi endleleni ngo-1520, 'yabona, ngoko eziqhutshwa kuphela eRashiya kunye namazwe zangaphambili ico.

uhle ezifanayo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, bakwaloliwe Russian kusetyenziswa iintlobo ezininzi iinqwelo jikelele ezivulekileyo. Ukumakishwa ngamnye mzobo ngokuqhelekileyo ngoku 12. Ubonisa yona eYangon. Iimfaniso zisenokwahluka ngokwemimiselo ezahlukeneyo: ubuninzi amandla, ivolyum, ubude, Isantya kuyilo, ebomini.

iimpawu technical

Yintoni parameters eyahluke eYangon luxhomekeke, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ukusebenza. Kule theyibhile ingezantsi uyakwazi ukubona yeyiphi imodeli ethile iinkcukacha. Gondola, kokukuqwalasela oku, ezisetyenziswa zikaloliwe Russian rhoqo.

Imilinganiselo gondola, njengokuba ubona, ziyahluka kakhulu. Kuxhomekeka le modeli ithile ingasetyenziswa yokuhamba imithamo imithwalo ezahlukeneyo. gondola Performance zesi salathisi, Noko ke, phantse ezimeleyo. Impembelelo engundoqo kwi inzuzo kwezoqoqosho nokusetyenziswa umfuziselo ethile into eyahlukileyo kakhulu. ukusebenza imoto kuqala kumiselwa ngokusekelwe umthamo kwelayo.

Iziqhoboshi bonke onobuhle ezinjalo baxhotyisiwe kuphela womoya ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa yokupaka manual. Kwakhona, kwiimeko ezininzi, gondola kufuneka coupler oluzenzekelayo eyenzelwe ekwakheni ukwakhiwa iiyunithi ngaphandle koncedo lomntu.

uzinzo

Ezona mpawu zobugcisa kwindawo engundoqo ye gondola ineemfuno ethile. imizimba Frame wawuneentlobo imizekelo spinal bya (ukubaleka ecaleni esqwini engundoqo) ye umqadi, ezibandakanya ezimbini profiles kunye Z-ezimile welding. Freight wagon ngokuqhelekileyo ezenziwa metal. Ngelo xesha nye na umkhombe-ezimile istili vyshtampovki. Musani ukuzenza lukhuni umzimba side pondola isakhelo ezizodwa eziquka namaqhosha aphezulu nolusezantsi, kwikona, kwiihenjisi eliphakathi kunye nezinye izinto.

isakhelo Ngokusekelwe yomzimba emotweni ukuya undercarriage. Phezu kwalo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, wabeka izinto lwezixhobo elekhtrons, kunye nezixhobo umothuko-zokutsalwa kwimithwalo. Ngasemva imoto lidla iingcango ezimbini ekupheleni. xa zifuneka, ingakumbi ukuba kube lula umsebenzi bayifakwa. Le yokugqibela phambi izongezo ezinjalo bayakwazi ukubiza ngqo kwi gondola. Ukongeza, sigudle ngomnyango koomatshini self-ngokwaso rhoqo zilayishwe.

Emazantsi zimoto pondola zidla baxhotyiswa kwiihenjisi, izibiyeli amagwegwe eyenzelwe ukukhusela impahla. Ezi zinto zenza kube lula ukuba lokuzisa iimpahla ukuya khona wamzuzu ephilile.

Ilayisha ukothula gondola cars izivingco

izinto sofele ekrwada igalelwe iilori, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla. Ukothula okufanayo kule meko oko kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini. Maxa wambi yenzelwa kwi tilter okhethekileyo kunye ukwamkelwa camera. Kodwa uninzi yonke imithwalo emikhulu athululwe lonke phantsi, nto leyo kwekhava yemingxuma eziliqela. Kulo mzekelo, pre-buyo kwabeka indlela ekhethekileyo kunye abaphiwa macala omabini. Okulandelayo yeni ziindawo umthwalo neekepusi ssypaniya. kaninzi ngaphezu elinesine pondola baxhotyiswa izivingco ezantsi. Ngamanye amaxesha inani labo 16. Kuba imifuziselo mayixhotyiswe inshorensi elisusekayo, kukho kwakhona izivingco eziphezulu. Bona zisetyenziselwa izinto ekulayisheni isambuku okanye iimveliso.

Gondola iimoto, injongo ezizodwa hoppers

Le modeli jikelele kunye ukothula izivingco zezona bekhululekile kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa, ngenxa yokuba neempawu ezintle zobugcisa. Gondola iimoto, injongo ekhethekileyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ingasetyenziswa kwi bakwaloliwe. izivingco ukothula kwezi modeli abangekhoyo neendonga zawo ezisecaleni bangaboniyo. iminyango Ukuphela emizimbeni yabo ayifumaneki. Used gondola enjalo ngokuyintloko yokuhamba iindlela impahla ivaliwe ezizodwa.

Amaxesha amaninzi, kwaye hoppers zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha izinto ekrwada. Ngoko wabiza imodeli le fom ye-hopper. Kananjalo ingabalelwa omnye iintlobo yeemoto open-top. Body kule mifuziselo ke ifanele trapezoidal kunye izivingco akhiwe emazantsi. Izinto eziluncedo ze olu hlobo iimoto gondola, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuquka lula ukothula.

Tipper (dumpkary)

Eyona iphambili le mifuziselo ke iindonga eliphantsi icala lomzimba. Imilinganiselo gondola yale hlobo ayikho inkulu kakhulu. Kodwa ke, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ngokulula iimoto yokulahla icala nihlale. Kulo mzekelo, iqonga imoto ngokwayo nga ithambeke ecaleni. Ngenxa yoko, umthwalo obegalelwe ngokupheleleyo abe ngumamkeli. Kwithambeka umzimba iimoto yokulahla ngu iisilinda ezikhethekileyo womoya okanye ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi. gondola ezinjalo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi zamalahle nensimbi shishino. Kwimeko yokuqala kuthuthwe sonke, elinesibini - iliwa okanye ore. Weight dumpkarov besukelana iitoni 145 okanye ngaphezulu.

Gondola jikelele: Performance

Namhlanje, phezu kwiindlela Russia, kunye namazwe zangaphambili ico fanayo ngokusisiseko imodeli imoto pondola ezisibhozo-kuphela iPIN kunye. Uhlobo lwesibini, kakade, elinemveliso ngakumbi. Weight cars chetyrehosnyh ayidluli 70-75 m. Umahluko kule meko kunokuba dibanisa / thabatha ithani. Ezinye le modeli, iinqwelo asi ezisibhozo-zingasetyenziswa ukuthutha okulahlwayo 130 of imithwalo. Ngamanye amaxesha Railways kunye amashishini asebenza kunye neemoto pondola jikelele zibiza kakhulu mihla, eyenzelwe kweetoni 200.

Tara

Phantsi le ngcamango ibhekisa kubunzima gondola engenanto. Eli nani ixhomekeka isikakhulu kwindlela inani Ibar yemodeli kwakunye umthamo yomzimba wakhe. Amaninzi, bakwaloliwe zisetyenziswa pondola anobunzima 21-22. Noko ke, kukho iindlela ezinkulu, apho ubunzima iitoni 29-43.

Zeziphi izityalo bekwi iimveliso

Gondola lokuqala jikelele wabonakala eRashiya ngo-1861. Baye zaye zathengwa kwamanye amazwe Grushevskii kaloliwe eyenzelwe ukuthutha amalahle. Kamva, iinjineli mveliso Russian zikotshwe uyilo lwabo, kwaye iimoto lwaqalisa ukuveliswa ngqo kwilizwe lethu. Namhlanje, eyimveliso loo izakhiwo ababandakanyekayo kwiinkampani 11 enkulu kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo Russia.

Ngoko ke, umzekelo:

1. Phambene Railway Car Izityalo, wadalwa kwi-30 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, kunyaka uvelisa malunga-17 amawaka. Imifuziselo ezinjalo.
2. Products Tikhvin amashishini kule zobungcali yi-12% emarike Russian.
3. Imveliso umthamo zesityalo saseTver eyenzelwe ukuvelisa 1000 iimoto eziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngonyaka ngamnye. Le nkampani, phakathi kwezinye izinto, luvelisa kunye neemoto umkhweli.
4. EKaliningrad Uphawu Works ubonelela iimveliso zawo kwimarike kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-150. Okwangoku, nguye umphuhlisi kuphela yaye umthengisi ongundoqo dumpkarov kwimarike Russian.

Umthengisi ezingundoqo yeemoto open-ngaphezulu kwimarike Russian ngalo mzuzu i phambene Plant (DC). Ukongeza wayifanisa basekhaya, Railways adla ngokusetyenziswa kwaye ezenziwa e Ukraine Krukovka lweshishini.

iimfuno GOST

Kakade ke, xa kusenziwa iimoto gondola, kwakunye nayiphi na indlela, kufuneka ufezekise nemigangatho ethile. ukuze:

• lokuvelisa kwezakhiwo umthwalo-obuvelisa zingasetyenziswa wedwa okanye umhlwa intsimbi esezantsi-ingxubevange;
• inkqubo brake gondola qho mandatory lixhotyiswe ngeebloko zizonke;
• xa hlangana izinto ezahlukeneyo eziza kusetyenziswa iindlela ezifanelekileyo esezantsi amaxwebhu welding.

Iimoto ukupeyinta, nangokungqinelana nemigaqo kufuneka kusetyenziswe kuphela ipeyinti GOST. Wandise emzimbeni kwaye isakhelo kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa kuphela kwiindawo ezinikwe imizobo.

iindleko zokusebenza

Ngokuthenga gondola, inkampani ngokuqhelekileyo uhlawula ingqalelo amandla komthwalo walo, usebenziso olulula, unyaka esenziwe ngawo kunye nobomi nkonzo. Ngokusisiseko, evela kwezi zalathisi kwaye iindleko kuxhomekeke imodeli ethile. Amaxabiso Wholesale yezixhobo jikelele kuqala malunga 650-700 amawaka. engange.

amaninzi kakhulu iinkampani musa ukufumana nqwelo kaloliwe uze uyithabathe ngaphandle. Indleko yale nkonzo kuhlala 700 engange ngosuku.

iinketho

Kunye iimoto pondola ncam ngumvelisi, ngokungqinelana nemigaqo, baya kuziswa ukuba umthengi:

• ifomu sheet VU4 Technical;
• imiyalelo lokusebenza;
• inkcazelo lobugcisa imodeli.

Kwakhona, ngokungqinelana ne mvumelwano yobonelelo, gqibezela iimoto pondola angaya amaxwebhu yokulungisa kunye abaza kuzisebenzisa. izixhobo zokuhamba ezithengwe kwindawo yokusebenza lwenziwa babenikela babo nangeempahla ezibukhali zesinyithi.