Inqaku likaMbhali elichaza icatshulwa-yiloo nto ekuthethwa ngayo

Izinto ezi ngasentla zomsebenzi ziquka inkcazo, kufakwe izipapasho kunye nokukhishwa kwe-copyright. Kwaye nayiphi na le migaqo iyakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo othi: "Yintoni inqaku?"

Ingundoqo yegama elithi "ukuthetha"

Leli lizwi libolekekwe kwisiFrentshi (ukutshata), ekuguquleleni lithetha "inqaku", "khumbula", "umxholo wombhali". Kwimisebenzi, banikezwa ngokubalulekileyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha indima ephambili. Icandelo lempembelelo yenveli okanye ibali ibali eliphuhlisayo, kodwa ukuchithwa kwamagunya, amanqaku angaphantsi, ukuchaza okuchazayo okanye ukuwongezelela, ubhekise kwicala eliyi-static. Esi sixhobo-sikhombisi sinokuthi sihluke kakhulu. Ngokuncedwa kwakhe, umbhali unokusebenzisa izikhumbuzo zezinto ezizimeleyo, ubonise isimo sengqondo sakhe kwisenzo, esithethwa ngokuba yiincwadi zokucoca.

Ubuninzi bomsebenzi wale nkcazo

Amazwi kaMbhali angathatha nokuba ifom ye-epilogue, egcwalisa isalathisi. Ngamanye amaxesha eli sixhobo lombhalo luyancitshiswa ukuba lubonise indawo kunye nexesha lezenzo, ngamanye amaxesha ukuguqulelwa kwombhali weengxoxo zamaqhawe kuqhutyelwa ukuba kubhalwe itekisi. Ngoko, "kwiMfazwe noxolo" loo mpendulo yamagama athatha amaphepha amabini okanye amathathu. Isixhobo esinjalo sokubhala njengendlela yokubhaliweyo , ifom leyo ingathatha inqaku, libalisa umfundi kwiziganeko zangaphambili. Kukho inqaku lombhali, elichaza malunga neqhinga elilandelayo. Kukho iingqungquthela, ukucamngca kunye nokucaciswa kombhali. Zonke iindlela ezi ngasentla ziyakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo wento ekuthethwa ngayo kwincwadi.

Indawo yembali kwidrama

Indawo ekhethekileyo yile ngxelo yokubhala kunye nobugcisa kwidrama. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwixesha lezemidlalo, indima yomyalelo, inqaku elichazayo linikezelwa. Cacisa izenzo, umlingisi wabalingisi, isimo sabo sengqondo, indawo kunye nesikhathi sokusebenza kumdlalo - umsebenzi wayo oyintloko. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwisicatshulwa somsebenzi obalaseleyo, indawo yenkcazo phambi kokuqala kwezenzo kubonisa ixesha lemihla, indawo yefenitshala, ukufunyanwa kwefestile okanye ibharkoni, kwaye emva kwenkcazo yencoko yayo kwindawo yabazali. Inqaku lombhali lingabonisa ithoni yencoko-(ithetha ngokuzithelayo okanye ukukrokra), ibonisa izenzo zebalinganiswa eziqhuba intetho-(ukufumana ikrele), isimo sabo sengqondo-(singena kwi-Petrov enomdla). Yintoni ekuthethwa ngayo kumdlalo? Le yinxalenye esemthethweni yombhalo oqhelekileyo, oza kucacisa kwisicatshulwa somdlalo.

Iimetamorphoses zekota

Ukususela kwixesha elidlulileyo, le nkcazo yenzeke utshintsho oluthile, kodwa ixesha elide linikezelwa umsebenzi ochazayo-into enikwe yona okanye yintoni na. UDeerot, ukuze aphelise ngokupheleleyo umlingisi kumbhali wakhe kunye neengcamango zomlawuli, waphendule ingqalelo kwiindawo ezizimeleyo zezobugcisa kunye nenxalenye elandayo yomsebenzi omangalisayo. Amasu amatsha amancinci aphuhliswe ngulo mguqukisi wendawo aphendule umyalelo kwimimiselo epheleleyo ngeenkcazo ezicacileyo zezinto zonke ezifunekayo kwinqanaba. Ukufikelela kwintetho, kumsebenzi omncinane wamaqhawe. Inkcukacha, ukuphuhliswa kombhali ngokucacileyo kwenkqubo yokusebenza kwangomso - yiloo nto inqaku likaDenis Diderot, owayengeyona nje ifilosofi enkulu, kodwa naye owayengumdlali obalaseleyo ongumFrentshi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18.

Ingqalelo njengengxenye ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi

Imibhalo engaphantsi yamandla kwimisebenzi ephawulekayo yeGogol. Ngokubanzi, umdlalo uqulethwe ngamazwi (incoko yabalingisi) kunye namazwi (ukunyakaza kwabo kunye nezenzo, ubuso kunye neentetho). Oku kubangele umqobo othile wezobugcisa zobunjani. Ukuze ngandlela-thile ihlawulise le ngxaki, amanqaku omlobi ananda ukwandisa, kukho uhlobo lweencwadi ezibonakalayo, njenge-lesedrama, umdlalo wokufunda. "Iintlekele ezincinane" zasePushkin kunye ne "Faust" zeGoethe zimeleli zayo eziqaqambileyo. Kuzo, indima yokuchithwa, ukuboniswa kombhali, ukucaciswa kwesiqendu kukhulu kakhulu. Kukho nawuphi na, enye yezinto ezibini zendima, indima apho ayikwazi ukugqithiswa, yintoni enye into ekuthethwa ngayo.