Iindlela eziphambili zobugcisa. Iingcaphephe zobugcisa kwimbongo

Kutheni sifuna iindlela zobugcisa? Okokuqala, ukuze imveliso ihambelane nesitayela esithile, esichazela umfanekiso othile, ukubonakalisa kunye nobuhle. Ukongeza, umbhali uyinhloko yemibutho, igama lomculi kunye nomculi omkhulu. Izakhono zobugcisa kwimbongo kunye neprose yenza isicatshulwa singene. Ngenxa yoko, zombhali umlobi kunye nomlobi unalo ulwimi olulodwa lweelwimi, abagcini kuphela ukusetyenziswa kuphela, intsingiselo ebalulekileyo yegama. Ukuze sikwazi ukungena kwiinkalo zengcamango, ubunzulu bomfanekiso, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa.

Ukongeza, umfundi kufuneka akhathwe kwaye atywe. Kule ndlela, kusetyenziswe iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ukunika umdla okhethekileyo kunye nolwazi oluyimfihlo. Izindlela zobugcisa zibizwa ngezinye iindlela ngeendlela. Oku akuzona nje izinto ezingenakukwazi ukuzenza ngomfanekiso jikelele wehlabathi, kodwa kunye nokuhlolwa kombhali, imvelaphi kunye neetoni eziqhelekileyo zomsebenzi, kunye nokunye okuninzi, esingazange sicinge ngako xa sifunda ukudala okulandelayo.

Izindlela eziphambili zobuciko zifana nesimboli, ipithet kunye nokuthelekiswa. Nangona i-epithet ibonakala njengowesiqhelo, kodwa asiyi kungena kwi-sungululwazi yesayensi "ukugxeka incwadi" kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ukhethe njengesixhobo esahlukileyo.

Epithet

Epithet uyinkosi yenkcazo. Akukho mhlaba, umfanekiso, ingaphakathi ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwayo. Ngamanye amaxesha kuphela i-epithet ekhethiweyo ngokuchanekileyo ibaluleke ngakumbi kunomhlathi wonke, wadalwa ngokucacileyo ukucacisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuthetha ngaye, sithetha ukuthatha inxaxheba okanye izichazi ezinika le nto okanye loo mfanekiso wezobugcisa izakhiwo nezinye iimpawu. Musa ukudibanisa i-epithet ngencazelo elula.

Ngoko, umzekelo, ukuchaza amehlo, unokubonisa ukuba la magama alandelayo: bukhoma, bubomvu, obungaphantsi, obukhulu, obunemibala, ubuqhetseba. Makhe sizame ukwahlula ezi zichazi kumaqela amabini, oko kukuthi: iinjongo (zendalo) kunye neempawu ezizimeleyo (ezongezelelweyo). Siza kubona ukuba amagama anjenge "big", "emdaka" kwaye "atywe" adlulisela kuphela oko umntu angakubona njengoko elele phezulu. Ukuze sikwazi ukucinga ngokubonakala kwalo okanye iqhawe, ukucacisa oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, yinto "engenasiphelo", "ubomi", "ububi" amehlo asitshela okulungileyo malunga nobuntu bethu nobuntu. Siqala ukuqagela ukuba phambi kwethu ngumntu ongaqhelekanga, uthabathele kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, enomphefumlo ophilayo, omsondeza. Le yipropati ephambili ye-epithets: ukubonisa loo mpawu efihliweyo kuthi ngexesha loviwo lokuqala.

Umzobo

Masiqhubekele kwesinye indlela engabalulekanga-isalathisi. Oku kuthelekiswa okufihliweyo, kuboniswe kwisibizo. Umsebenzi wombhali apha kukuqhathanisa izinto kunye nezinto, kodwa ngokucophelela nangengqiqo, ukuze umfundi angacingi ukuba siyibeka le nto kuye. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokugxila kunye nokukhululeka, kufuneka usebenzise nayiphi na indlela yobugcisa. Imizekelo yesalathiso: "iinyembezi zamazolo," "umlilo wokusa," njl. Nantsi, amazolo athelekiswa kunye neinyembezi, kunye nokusa.

The lekiswa

Inkqubo yokugqibela ebaluleke kakhulu kwezobugcisa isilinganisi esinikwe ngokuthe ngqo ngokusebenzisa iiyunivesithi ezifana "njengokungathi", "njenge", "njengokungathi," "ngokuchanekileyo," "ngathi." Imizekelo inganikwa oku kulandelayo: amehlo, njengobomi; Dew, njengezinyembezi; Umthi, njengendoda endala. Nangona kunjalo, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-epithet, isimboli okanye ukuthelekiswa akufanelekanga kuphela ngenxa yamagama "abomvu". Kwimiyalezo engekho mfuneko yokuba kungabikho mingcipheko, kufuneka ifakwe kwisisa kunye nokuvumelana, ngoko-ke ngaphambi kokusebenzisa le ndlela okanye loo ndlela, kufuneka uqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba yintoni injongo esetyenziswayo, into esiyifunayo.

Okunye, ubunzima obunzima kunye nobuchule obungaphantsi kobuciko buyi-hyperbole (exaggeration), u-antithesis (inkcaso), kunye ne-inversion (ukulandelana kwamagama).

I-Antithsis

Umendo onjalo, njenge-antithesis, unemizekelo emibini: inokumncinci (kumhlathi omnye okanye isivakalisi) kunye nokwandiswa (kufakwe kwizahluko eziliqela okanye kumaphepha). Le ndlela isetyenziswe rhoqo kwimisebenzi yamaRiksikhi aseRussia kwimeko xa kufuneka ukuba uqhathanise abalinganiswa ababini. Ngokomzekelo, u-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin ebalini lakhe "Umphathi weCaptain's" ufanisa uPugachev noGrinev, kwaye emva koko uNikolai Vasilievich Gogol uza kwenza iifoto zabazalwana abadumileyo, i-Andria kunye ne-Ostap, nayo isekelwe kwi-antithesis. Iintlobo zobugcisa kwiveli "Oblomov" ikwaquka le ndlela.

Hyperbola

I-Hyperbola iyindlela efunwayo yolo hlobo lweencwadi ezifana ne-epic, i-fairy tale kunye ne-ballad. Kodwa ayenzeki kuphela kubo. Ngokomzekelo, i-hyperbole "inokuba neebhokhwe zokutya" ingasetyenziselwa naluphi na uvelwano, ibali kunye nomnye umsebenzi wesithethe esiyiyo.

Inversion

Masiqhubeke nokuchaza iindlela zobugcisa kwimisebenzi. Inversion, njengoko unokucinga ukuba, usebenzela ukunika umkhiqizo ngokwengeziwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonwa kwiingqungquthela, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo le ndlela isebenzisa iprose. Unokuthi: "Le ntombazana yayimnandi kunabanye." Kwaye unokumemeza: "Le ntombazana yayimhle kunabanye!" Ngokukhawuleza, kukho ukuvela kokubili, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezingabonwa xa kuthelekiswa iingxelo ezimbini.

Irony

Umendo olandelayo, ukunyaniseka, ngenye indlela-ukuhlekwa kwamagunya okufihlakeleyo, kusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimfundiso eqingqiweyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, umsebenzi oqinileyo kufuneka ube ngongqongqo, kodwa umxholo ofihlakeleyo ngethuba ngamanye amaxesha awubonakalisi nje ubungqina bombhali, kodwa ukhuthaza umfundi ukuba aguqulele umoya okwesikhashana kwaye alungiselele indawo elandelayo, eninzi. Ngomsebenzi ohlekisayo, ukugwenxa kungenakwenzeka. Abaphathi abakhulu beli gama lokubonakalisa ubugcisa - uZoshchenko noKkhokhov, abasebenzisa le ndlela kumabali abo.

ISarcasm

Ngalolu hlobo lusetyenziswa ngokusondeleyo kunye nolunye udibaniso. Oku akusiyo ukuhleka okuhle, iveza iimpazamo kunye neziphoso, ngamanye amaxesha iyancengela, ngoxa i-irony ngokuvamile idala umoya oqaqambileyo. Ukuze ufumane ingcamango epheleleyo ngakumbi yale ndlela, unokufunda iindidi ezininzi zeSaltykov-Shchedrin.

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Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuzenza. Ivumela ukuba sibonise ubomi behlabathi esisijikelezile. Kukho imifanekiso enjengokukrokra ebusika, iqhwa lokudansa, amanzi okucula. Ngamanye amagama, ukuzenza ukuzenza kukutshintshela kwizinto ezingapheliyo zeepropati ze-animate. Ngoko, sonke siyazi ukuba kuphela umntu kunye nesilwanyana esinokugxuma. Kodwa kwiincwadi zidla ngokuba nemifanekiso yobugcisa njengebhakabhaka elikhuphayo okanye umnyango wokukhwela. Umntu wokuqala unokunceda ukudala umxholo othile womfundi, ulungiselele imbono yakhe. Okwesibini kukugxininisa umoya olalayo kule ndlu, mhlawumbi - uluntu kunye nexhala.

Oxymoron

I-Oxymoron - esinye isixhobo esithakazelisayo, esilungelelaniso sokungahambisani. Ezi zombini amanga alungileyo, kunye neshushu eshushu, kunye ne-Orthodox. Ngokufanayo, kuthathwa ngokungalindelekanga, amagama angasetyenziswa ngabalobi befantasy kunye nabaqulunqo beentetho zefilosofi. Ngamanye amaxesha kuphela enye i-oxymoron yanele ukwakhiwa komsebenzi wonke onobuninzi bobunzima, ukungqubuzana okungenakuguqulwa, kunye neengcamango ezingenakucinganiswa.

Ezinye iindlela zobugcisa

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba "kwaye, kwaye," kwaye isetyenziswe kwisigwebo esandulelayo nenye yeendlela zobugcisa ezibizwa ngokuba ngamanyano amaninzi. Yintoni na? Okokuqala, ukwandisa uluhlu lokubalisa kwaye ubonise, umzekelo, ukuba umntu unobungqina bobuhle, ubulumko, inkalipho kunye nekhontrakthi ... kwaye iqhawe likwazi ukuloba kunye nokudada, nokubhala iincwadi, nokwakha izindlu ...

Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ndlela isetyenzisene kunye nomnye, obizwa ngokuba "uluhlu lwamalungu ahlukeneyo." Yiyo imeko xa kunzima ukucinga omnye ngaphandle komnye.

Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzona zonke iindlela zobugcisa kunye nezindlela. Makhe siqaphele imibuzo engumbuzo. Abafunanga impendulo, kodwa benza abafundi bacinge. Mhlawumbi, wonk 'ubani uyazi iindawo ezidumileyo kubo: "Ngubani na omele?" Kwaye "Yintoni endiyenzayo?".

Ezi zizindlela eziphambili zobugcisa. Ngaphandle kwabo, umntu unokukwazi ukwahlula ukuchithwa (isahlulelo sesigwebo), i-synecdoche (xa isetyenzisiweyo isetyenziselwa endaweni yobuninzi), i-anaphora (isiqalo esifanayo sesigwebo), i-epiphora (ukuphindaphinda kokuphela kwayo), i-litotus (i-understatement) kunye ne-hyperbole (ngokuchaseneyo, ukunyaniseka), i-periphrasis (xa Amanye amagama athatyathwa ngcaciso emfutshane, yonke into ingasetyenziselwa zombini kwizibongo kunye neprose.Izixhobo zobugcisa kwimbongo kwaye, umzekelo, ibali, ahluki mgaqo.