Zulu SSR: imbali, imfundo, imifanekiso, indwe, photo, intsimi, imali, iiyunithi zomkhosi. Frunze, Zulu SSR

Zulu SSR - omnye elinesihlanu ziiriphabliki eyayisakuba yiSoviet. Kuyinto ungumhambeli phambili Kyrgyzstan yanamhlanje. Njengabantu abanye lizwe, eli qumrhu state iimpawu zayo ezinxulumene nembali, inkcubeko, indawo zokuhlala, iimeko zoqoqosho kunye nobuzwe abemi. Makhe sibone ngokweenkcukacha yintoni eyenza Kirghiz SSR, iimpawu zayo kunye nembali.

indawo okuyo

Kuqala kwinto zonke, masifumanise indawo wejografi eli lizwe. Zulu SSR waba ngasezantsi USSR, empuma inxalenye Central Asia yayo. Emantla kubhaliwe erhangqwe i-Kazakh SSR, entshona - kunye Uzbek SSR, emzantsi-ntshona kunye nomzantsi - kunye Tajik SSR, empuma ngayo imingcele China. Le ndawo iyonke kwiriphabliki phantse 200,000 square metres. km.

Le imfundo kawonke akazange abe ukufikelela kwi elwandle, yaye uninzi namageduka lizwe ngu ezintabeni. Nkqu iintlambo intermountain, ezifana Issyk-Kul, Fergana sisigingqi Jumgal, kwakunye Talas Valley, sise ezinobude ubuncinane 500 m ngaphezu kwenqanaba kolwandle. Eyona ntaba uluhlu eli lizwe - i Tien-shan. Ephakeme kunazo - Peak Pobeda. Emazantsi Kyrgyzstan - inkqubo entabeni Pamir. Ngelo nomda Tajikistan yi uLenin incopho.

Le ichibi elikhulu Kyrgyzstan - Issyk-Kul Lake, ibekwe ngasentla-mpuma.

prehistory

Kumaxesha amandulo kummandla Kyrgyzstan abaye baphila izizwe aseYurophu Indo-ephila, nto leyo kumaXesha Aphakathi okuqala kufakwe abantu eTurkey. Ebudeni bamaXesha Aphakathi apha yasemzantsi eSiberia kwafika amanye amaqela Yenisei Kyrgyz, ngubani, ugalelwe abantu balapha, eyakhiwe ubhalo mihla nobuhlanga eli lizwe, wanika igama bonke abantu. Kakhulu le yokufudukela kwenzeka, ukususela ngenkulungwane XIV.

Kyrgyz kwafuneka ukulwela inkululeko ngamazwe enamandla Uzbek, ingakumbi kunye Kokand Khanate. abalawuli bayo woyisa kwintsimi enkulu Kyrgyzstan kwaye ngo-1825 waseka enqabeni yakhe - Pishpek (namhlanje Bishkek). Ebudeni lo mzabalazo, ngenkulungwane XIX, ezinye izizwe balwamkela uncedo Russian kunye nokhuselo, uze ubumi. Ngenxa yoko, saba abaxhasi eziyintloko ukwanda Kyrgyz Russian e Central Asia phakathi kwabantu basekuhlaleni.

Kwi-imi- 50-60 kwinkulungwane XIX, ngasentla elizayo le-Kirghiz SSR yoyiswa Russian yoMbuso Kokand Khanate. ngoko ke wokuqala Russian Fort enqatyisiweyo yaba Przhevalsk (Karakol yanamhlanje). Ngomhla emazweni kumntla Kyrgyzstan kunye nempuma Kazakhstan kummandla Russian uBukhosi Semirechenskaya kunye kwiziko yolawulo kwisixeko Verny (Almaty mihla) oko kwasekwa ngo 1867. Le ndawo yayahlulwe izithili ezintlanu, ezimbini kuzo - Pishpek (Isahluko isixeko Pishpek.) Yaye Przewalski (Isahluko Karakol sixeko.) - aba Kyrgyz. Ekuqaleni, Imilambo ezisixhenxe kwaba subordinated emathafeni Jikelele kaRhulumente, kodwa 1898 idluliselwe kwiphondo Turkestan (Turkestan).

Ngowe-1876, iRashiya iye wawoyisa ngokupheleleyo i Kokand Khanate yaye zifakwe kumalungu ayo yonke nommandla wayo, kuquka kumazantsi Kyrgyzstan. On kula mazwe mmandla Ferghana kunye neziko solawulo Kokand kwasekwa. Yena indawo Semirechenskaya eyayiyinxalenye Turkestan. Kwahlukaniswa ummandla Fergana counties-5, enye yazo - Osh (iziko lolawulo - isixeko Osh), ezisemhlabeni Kyrgyz.

Formation of the Kirghiz SSR

Eneneni, imvelaphi inkqubo omde zokusekwa kwe-Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic zingathathwa njengoko iziganeko revolution ka-1917. Ukususela revolution, ukuya mzuzu xa kwasekwa Kirghiz SSR, kwadlula phantse-20 iminyaka.

Ngo-Apreli 1918, ummandla Turkestan, kuquka zonke ilizwe Central Asia ne-kumzantsi mpuma Kazakhstan, kwiBolsheviks ukuba udale iziko elikhulu elizimeleyo - i Turkestan Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic, okanye Turkestan Soviet Republic, nto leyo eyinxalenye RSFSR. umhlaba Kyrgyz, njengenxenye ye Semirechensk kunye nommandla Fergana, nayo ifakiwe kule mfundo.

Ngowe-1924, isicwangciso wokuzingca iye yaphunyezwa kwemida yesizwe Central Asia, apho iGunya lithe lafumana zonke izizwe ezinkulu awayengabemi Turkestan, kuquka i-Kyrgyz. Semirechensk amalungu kunye nommandla Fergana, kwakunye indawo elincinane kummandla Syrdarya (emantla langoku Kyrgyzstan), apho uninzi sabo Kyrgyz, wadalwa yi Kara-Kyrgyz inkampani joint-stock kunye iziko yolawulo kwidolophu Pishpek. Eli gama kungenxa yokuba lo gama i-Kyrgyz ASSR wabizwa ngokuba Kazakhstan mihla, njengoko Kazakh isiko amaxesha komlawuli ngempazamo ngokuba kaysakov-Kirghiz. Nakuba kunjalo, ngoMeyi 1925, ummandla Kyrgyzstan yabizwa ngokuba Kyrgyz JSC ukususela Kazakhstan wafumana igama Kazakh ASSR, kunye nokudideka ziye nazo. Ukuzimela ngqo inxalenye RSFSR, yaye akukho republic eyodwa eSoviet.

NgoFebruwari 1926 kwakukho omnye utshintsho lolawulo - Kyrgyz JSC waba Kirgiz Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic ngaphakathi RSFSR, esibonelela enika amalungelo lokuzimela. Kulo nyaka, iziko yolawulo Kirghiz SSR Pishpek walitshintsha igama layo kwisixeko Frunze, emva kokuba umphathi odumileyo ebomvu ngexesha leMfazwe Civil.

Emva kweminyaka eli-10, ngo-1936, i-Kyrgyz ASSR wanqanyulwa evela RSFSR, kwakunye nezinye republic of Central Asia, waza waba isifundo yinxalenye eSoviet Union. Kubekho iqondo le-Kirghiz SSR.

imifuziselo Republican

Njengoko republic ngalinye yiSoviet, kwi-Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic kwadingeka neempawu zayo, olu sapho lwaluquka weflegi, imifanekiso kunye umhobe.

Iflegi ye-Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic ekuqaleni neflegi ebomvu ngokupheleleyo, apho oonobumba block etyheli yabhalwa igama kwiRiphabliki Kyrgyz kunye Russian. Ngowe-1952, imbonakalo iflegi latshintshwa kakhulu. Ke kaloku, phakathi ngelaphu ebomvu zabanjwa band ngokubanzi oluhlaza, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, ibe ngamaqela amabini alinganayo ukwabelana emhlophe. Kwikona ephezulu ekhohlo isando irhengqa nenkwenkwezi-etsolo ezintlanu zime. Zonke iileyibhile ziye isusiwe. Ngoko iflegi ye-Kirghiz SSR wahlala de kwawa lizwe eSoviet.

Lokubonga kwiriphabliki yaba ingoma amazwi Sydykbekova, Tokombaeva, Malikova, Tokobaev kunye Abayldaeva. Umculo ebhaliweyo Maodybaev, Vlasov kunye Fere.

Umfuziselo Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic wavunywa ngo-1937 yaye umfanekiso edityanisiweyo kwisangqa bephela njengezivatho. Ingubo ingalo ibonisa iintaba, ilanga, iindlebe zengqolowa nomqhaphu amasebe, iribhoni ephothiweyo ebomvu. Coat of iingalo surmounted yinkwenkwezi-kwakubonisa ezintlanu. Ngawo waphoswa phezu tape kunye nombhalo "Abasebenzi onke amazwe, ukumanyanisa!" Ngo-Kyrgyz kunye iilwimi Russian. Emazantsi kophawu lwesizwe umbhalo kunye negama kwiRiphabliki yolwimi yesizwe.

division zokuphatha

Ngaphambi 1938, Kyrgyzstan yahlulwa ibe kwizithili 47. Ezinkulu iiyunithi yolawulo ngelo xesha wayengekho kumafa yayo. Ngowe-1938, iinxalenye Kirghiz SSR zimanyene abahlala ezine: Issyk-Kul, Tian shan, Jalal-Abad kunye Osh. Kodwa ke ezinye iinkalo abazange ukubheka kwisithili, kwaye republic.

Ngowe-1939, zonke izithili bafumene ubume kwiindawo, nabo iindawo akubanga kwi ngaphantsi kwisithili, simanyene kummandla Frunze ikomkhulu yayo kwisixeko Frunze. Zulu SSR yaba ngoku zibandakanya iindawo ezintlanu.

Ngowe-1944 waba kummandla Talas, kodwa ngowe-1956 itshitshisiwe kuyo. Ezinye iindawo Kyrgyz SSR, ngaphandle Osh, ziye zapheliswa ukususela 1959 ukuya 1962. Ngenxa yoko, le ndawo kwakuba kummandla olunye, kunye neendawo engakange zifakwe kuyo, baba owayamileyo ngqo kwiRiphablikhi.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, le ndawo kwakhona, elisandul wapheliswa. Ngexesha ekuweni yiSoviet Union, Kyrgyzstan wayebunjwa amathandathu kwimimandla: Chui (owayesakuba Frunze), Osh, Naryn (owayesakuba Tien shan), Talas, Issyk-Kul kunye Jalal-Abad.

ulawulo

Ulawulo yeNgxowa-Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic de-Oktobha 1990 kwaba ezandleni Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, bathobele Communist Party. Umzimba otshatsheleyo mbutho iKomiti Central. Sinokuthi kuNobhala yokuQala weKomiti Central wayeyinkokeli de facto weKyrgyzstan, nangona ngokusemthethweni kwakungenjalo.

Iziko ephakamileyo umthetho i-Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic ngelo xesha umzimba yepalamente - iBhunga Ephakamileyo, olu sapho lwaluquka igumbi elinye. Yena uza iintsuku ezimbalwa ngonyaka, njengokuba umzimba emileyo Elawulayo wayekhona.

Ngowe-1990, i-ofisi kaMongameli saqaliswa KirSSR, unyulo ogama kwenzeka nevoti ngqo. NguMongameli ngaloo mzuzu waba yintloko esemthethweni de facto weKyrgyzstan.

capital

Frunze City - ikomkhulu Kirghiz SSR. Ngoko kulo lonke ubukho Soviet Republic.

Frunze, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, yasekwa ngowe-1825 njengento enkampini Khanate of Kokand, yaye igama lokuqala Pishpek. Kwidabi nxamnye Khanate nqaba yatshatyalaliswa umkhosi Russian, kodwa emva kwexesha elithile kwabonakala indawo entsha. Ukususela ngo-1878, esi sixeko iziko yolawulo Pishpek County.

Ukususela ngo-1924, xa kwakukho kwemida wesizwe weentlanga Central Asia, Pishpek khosi sixeko iphambili Kara-Kyrgyz Ukuzilawula JSC Kyrgyz kunye Kyrgyz ASSR.

Ngowe-1926, esi sixeko wafumana igama elitsha - Frunze. Zulu SSR lonke ixesha sisekho wayo ukususela 1936 ukuya 1991 yaba kwesihloko phantsi eli gama. Pishpek sathiywa imbeko umphathi odumileyo uMikhail Frunze Red Army, leyo, nangona nobuzwe Moldavian kodwa wazalwa kwesi sixeko Central Asia.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ukususela 1936 Frunze - ikomkhulu Kirghiz SSR. Ngethuba mveliso eSoviet Union kukho zakhiwa mveliso ezinkulu kunye namashishini. Esi sixeko isoloko iphuculwe. Ngakumbi kwaye sihle ngakumbi waba Frunze. Zulu SSR angaba nebhongo capital enjalo. Xa abantu Ekuqaleni 90 kaThixo Frunze eza 620 lamawaka. Man.

NgoFebruwari 1991, i-Ephakamileyo yiSoviet ye-Kirghiz SSR wagqiba ukuthiya ngokutsha isixeko Bishkek, leyo wu fanaka ukuba uhlobo wesizwe igama layo zembali.

Kyrgyzstan emzini

Imizi inkulu ye-Kyrgyz SSR, emva Frunze - Osh, Jalal-Abad, Karakol (Karakol yanamhlanje). Kodwa i imigangatho zonke-union, inani yabemi yezi zokuhlala akazange mkhulu kangaka. Inani abahlali likhulu le mizi - Osh, asifikeleli ukuya ku-220 lamawaka, lo gama abanye ababini nokuba ngaphantsi kwe-100 lamawaka.

Ngokubanzi, i-Kirghiz SSR uye wahlala enye ziiriphabliki ubuncinane zasedolophini waseUSSR, ngoko uluntu lwasemaphandleni namandla apha phezu inani abahlala ezidolophini. Le meko liqhubeka namhlanje.

Uqoqosho Kirghiz SSR

Ngako oko ke, inani lonikezelo labantu, uqoqosho Kyrgyz SSR babenxiba ikharektha agro-mveliso.

Isiseko ulimo izilwanyana. Ngokukodwa, i kakhulu kuphuhliswa izimvu. Kwinqanaba ophezulu uphuhliso ihashe yokuzalela neenkomo zizalele nakuzo.

imveliso Crop kwakhona usesikhundleni ephambili kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Abalimi icuba, iinkozo, ukutya, izityalo kubalulekile-oyile, iitapile kunye umqhaphu ingakumbi odumileyo Kirghiz SSR. Photo umqhaphu isivuno kwenye kwiifama kwiriphabliki ongezantsi.

ndlela zoshishino ziye zanikezelwa ubukhulu becala zemigodi (amalahle, i-oyile, irhasi), ubunjineli ngoomatshini, ukukhanya kunye namashishini textile.

units zomkhosi

Kumaxesha Soviet, iiyunithi zomkhosi kwi-Kirghiz SSR yayimi umnatha ngokwanelisayo ashinyeneyo. Oku kwakusenzeka ngenxa kwimimandla enabemi, kwakunye ebalulekileyo indawo neAfrika kweli lizwe. Kwelinye icala, Kyrgyzstan yayikufuphi Afghanistan kunye namanye amazwe oMbindi-Mpuma, apho eSoviet Union ebanqwenelela yayo. Kwelinye icala, eli lizwe erhangqwe China, kunye nabo ke yiSoviet Union ngaloo mihla baba neentlobano pretty ixesha, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu upasisiwe ngxabano bexhobile, nakuba babengezi ukuvula imfazwe. Ngoko ke, nomda China esoloko befuna ukubakhona butho Soviet.

Kuyaphawuleka, kodwa manqindi eyaziwayo-kakuhle Ukrainian Vitali Klitschko kunye wezopolitiko wazalwa kummandla Kyrgyz SSR kwilali Belovodskoe xa uyise, obeyindoda isosha professional, kwaqhutywa inkonzo apho.

Ukuba lokumba ibali nangakumbi, siyabona ukuba ngexesha Enkulu Patriotic War ngo-1941 phezu kummandla Kyrgyz SSR ezintathu kumacandelo amahashe imiswe.

Ukungabikho Kyrgyz SSR

Ngasekupheleni nenani-80 kwi-USSR lixesha utshintsho, owazeka igama perestroika. Izizwe eSoviet Union lifumanise Ukudambisa ebonakalayo xa kwezopolitiko, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, hayi nje bazisa ngokwentando yesininzi yoluntu, kodwa usungule utyekelo centrifugal. Musa ukuhlala bucala kunye Kyrgyzstan.

UMongameli - Ngo-Oktobha 1990, isithuba esitsha esemthethweni yaqaliswa kweli lizwe. Kwaye ke intloko Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic onyulwe yi nevoti ngqo. impumelelo yolonyulo iphumelele ukuba uNobhala First of Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan Absamat Masaliev, kwaye ummeli intshukumo Reform, Askar Akayev. Oku kubonisa ukuba abantu befuna utshintsho. Not indima kwangayo oku eyadlalwa ebizwa ngokuba "Osh massacre" - ungquzulwano wamagazi ezenzeka ngehlobo lowe-1990 kwisixeko Osh phakathi Kyrgyz ne Uzbeks. Oku ubukhulu becala kwawasingela indawo elite wamaKomanisi.

December 15, 1990 yamkela isiBhengezo kumongami karhulumente we-Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, elavakaliswa ukongama kwemithetho yesizwe ngaphezu kwabo bonke-womanyano.

Februwari 5, 1991, iBhunga ePhakamileyo Kyrgyzstan yamkela isigqibo igama Kyrgyz SSR kwiRiphabliki weKyrgyzstan. Emva kokuba iziganeko i-Agasti lika Askar Akayev wasigweba esidlangalaleni amalungu yazibandakanya ukuzama eKomiti Emergency, kwaye ngomhla wama-31 Agasti Kyrgyzstan wabhengeza zokurhoxa yalo USSR.

yaphela ke ibali Kirghiz SSR, waza waqalisa imbali ilizwe elitsha - the Republic of Kyrgyzstan.