I abanya eLeningrad, oonyana ukuqapha. Imbali IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic

I abanya eLeningrad, oonyana ukuqapha ... La mazwi ziyaviwa nganye. Enye kakhulu magingxigingxi yaye kwangaxeshanye amaphepha ezibuhlungu yokugcina Enkulu Patriotic War. Ezi ziganeko ungene ngemvume kwimbali njengoko iyeyona inde kakhulu anomngcipheko imiphumo yalo singqingiwe njalo ke isixeko. Iziganeko ezenzeka kulo mzi evela 09.08.1941 on 27.01.1944, ehlabathini lonke baye babonisa umoya eninzi yabantu, nako ukuxhaphaza ngokwemiqathango yindlala, izifo, ukubanda nentshabalalo. City wasinda, kodwa ke ixabiso luhlawulelwe kulo uloyiso laliphezulu kakhulu.

Ukuvimba. ekuqaleni

Plan "Barbarossa" - ngoko ngokuba isicwangciso utshaba, njengoko apho nokuhlutha kuthwalelwa phandle eSoviet Union. Elinye lamanqaku zesicwangciso yaba ukoyiswa epheleleyo capture ngexesha elifutshane eLeningrad. Hitler wayefuna ukufumana isixeko ungadlulanga umhla ekwindla ka-1941. Izicwangciso ze umhlaseli ukuba ibe. Kuthinjwa umzi, wonqanyulwa, angabikho ehlabathini, kodwa akazange athathe!

Ngokusemthethweni usungule ukuqapha abhalwe September 8, 1941. Yaba ngexesha namhla ekwindla, amajoni aseJamani wayithimba Shliserburg ithintele ngokupheleleyo Leningrad ilizwe unxibelelwano kunye lonke elo lizwe.

Enyanisweni, oku kwenzeka kancinane ngaphambili. AmaJamani zahlukanisa ngokucwangcisiweyo umzi. Ngoko ke, ukususela ngoJulayi 2, moya aseJamani ebezihamba bakwaloliwe rhoqo, nokuthintela kunikezelo iimveliso ngale ndlela. Ngo-Agasti 27, uxhulumaniso kwisixeko kusetyenziswa indlela yentsimbi yaphukile ngokupheleleyo. Emva kweentsuku 3, esi sixeko yaphukile ngenxa ephehla ugesi ngamanzi. Kwaye ngoSeptemba 1, wayeka ukusebenza zonke iivenkile zorhwebo.

Into yokuba imeko leyo ixhomisa amehlo, ekuqaleni phantse mntu bakholwa. Kodwa abantu babezizwa into engalunganga, saqalisa ukulungiselela babi. Iivenkile ngokukhawuleza qongqololo. Right ukususela kwimihla yokuqala kweso sixeko ziye zaziswa amakhadi kukudla, ivaliwe izikolo eziguqulweyo.

Oonyana njengomzi ongqingiweyo

Intlungu kukududuzela kwi bayahlelwa abantu abaninzi eyayikrolwe kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad. Abantwana ukuvimba - uhlobo olukhethekile abemi balo mzi, apho iimeko ziye ndayihluthwa ebuntwaneni, kunyanzeleke ukuba akhule kakhulu ngaphambili, kwaye nzima ukusinda kwinqanaba abadala abaqolileyo kumava abantu.

Ngelo xesha lokuvalwa khonkcweni wawungqinga, ukongeza abadala, kwi sixeko 400 amawaka abantwana abakubudala obahlukeneyo. Yeyona unonophelo lwabantwana iLeningrad wabanika amandla: anyamekela, baziswa, wazama ukuzifihla ukusuka zibhombu, unonophelo olubanzi. Wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba abantwana basindiswe kuphela ekulondolozweni balo mzi.

Abantu abadala ayikwazanga ukukhusela abantwana liphango, ingqele, izifo kunye nokudinwa, kodwa kwenziwe konke okusemandleni kubo.

kubanda

Ubomi iLeningrad bayingqinga yayinzima, nodandatheko. Neziqhushumbisi wayengekho ezimbi ezenzeka ukusinda umzi nabafo. Xa icinyiwe onke amandla kwaye ubumnyama zigutyungelwe loo dolophu, kwaqalisa ixesha zinzima. Babuza ikhephu, ebusika obubandayo.

City alekwe likhephu, iqabaka degrees 40 kwakhokelela ekubeni iindonga izindlu okulala baqalisa ukuba wambu iqabaka. Abantu iLeningrad kwanyanzeleka ukufaka isitovu ezindlini zabo, nto leyo bubushushu ngcembe, wayitshisa yonke: ifanitshala, iincwadi, izinto zasekhaya.

inkathazo entsha xa emkhenkceni amdaka. Ngoku, amanzi zingasetyenziswa kuphela kwiindawo 2: ukusuka Fontanka kunye Neva.

indlala

Iinkcukacha-manani ebuhlungu ithi utshaba inkulu kubahlali somzi nje yindlala.

Winter 1941 yaba luvavanyo okuphila. Ukulungisa ngokubonelela abantu ngesonka, amakhadi pheko ziye zaziswa. ubukhulu saleli lehla kancinci, ngoNovemba ufika ubuncinane yayo.

Norms kwi iLeningrad bayingqinga yile ilandelayo: abo babesebenza - bekufanele 250g. isonka, emkhosini, abacimi-mlilo kunye namalungu iiyunithi karma efunyenweyo 300 g, kunye nabantwana, kunye nabo bathe nonqabiseko amazwe -. 125 gr.

Naziphi na ezinye iimveliso phakathi esixekweni. 125 grams yesonka ongqingiweyo zifana encinane nezethu, ukutya eziqhelekileyo zikarhulumente okunesitatshi. Le iqhekeza, nto leyo ke ndakuzuza kuphela emva kweeyure ukuma kumgca engqeleni, equka kwincindi, ikhekhe, iphepha lodongo paste, ixutywe umgubo.

Kwakukho iintsuku nini, yaye eli awayesibawela abantu abanakho ukufumana. Ngexesha iziqhushumbisi ze-mveliso bengasebenzi.

Abantu bazama ukusinda konke okusemandleni abo. belambile bazama ukuvala loo nto makaginywe. Kule khosi baya zonke; bakukhuphela iikhithi (ukusela oyile kukaCastor, badla vaseline), baqhaqhe wallpaper ukuze ufumane okushiyekileyo Intlama uze upheke ubuncinane isuphu ethile, iziqwenga, wayipheka yesikhumba nezihlangu, iinkuni iglu ijeli walungisa.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana ngexesha isipho kakuhle kakhulu ukutya. Basoloko becinga ngezinto emnandi. Loo isidlo, leyo ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo Babengayicekisi ngoku ukuphumelela.

Holiday abantwana

Nangona iimeko ezimbi, ezisongela ubomi lobomi iLeningrad ngenzondelelo enkulu nenkuthalo wazama abantwana, basiwa bathinjwa ebandayo kunye nesixeko olambileyo, waphila ubomi ngokupheleleyo. Ke ukuba ukudla nobushushu wayengekho ndaweni ukuba, uze wenze le holide kunokwenzeka.

Ngoko ke, ebudeni ebusika eyoyikekayo, xa kwakukho kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad, kwafa abantwana kubhiyozelwa uNyaka oMtsha. isigqibo sekomiti elawulayo yeBhunga City iLeningrad abasebenzi abaphumeleleyo yaye zaqhutywa ngeeholide uNyaka oMtsha abahlala kuzo abatsha.

Zonke ezinkundleni esixekweni yathatha inxaxheba. iinkqubo leeholide ezo zinto zabuya, nkqubo leyo iquka intlanganiso nabathetheli izilwi, umbuliso yokuluka, inkqubo umdlalo nomngqungqo umthi weKrismesi, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - sasemini.

Xa le mikhosi kuyo yonke ngaphandle imidlalo kunye amaqhekeza umdaniso. Zonke ngenxa yokuba abantwana elibuthathaka nje la mandla ukuze midlalo. Abantwana abanalo kumnandi - ukuba zilinde ukuba ukutya.

Dinner kwakuba intwana yesonka ukuba igwele isuphu, ijeli kunye patties ezenziwe iinkozo. Ndiyayazi yindlala abantwana badla, ngokucotha, esitya ngenyameko yonke mixture, kuba babesazi ixabiso isonka ongqingiweyo.

inzima

Abantwana kweli xesha, kwaba nzima kakhulu kunokuba umntu omdala, uyazi kakuhle eluntwini. Indlela uchaze isizathu sokuba ebudeni iziqhushumbisi bahlale endaweni efihlakeleyo emnyama, yaye kutheni kungekho ukutya naphina, abantwana? Malunga wayethimba iLeningrad kwinkumbulo abantu kuhlala ezininzi mabali mabi malunga iintsana ishiywe, guys abangatshatanga ababezama ukusinda. Ngapha koko, ngokufuthi Kwathi eshiya ngasemva umxhesho baziswa, izalamane zomntwana nje wafa endleleni, zange wabuyela ekhaya.

Inani amakhaya abantwana esixekweni likhule ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini. Ngonyaka omnye, inani lazo liye lakhula laya amanani-98, yaye eneneni ekupheleni kuka-1941 kwakukho 17. kuphela Around 40 lamawaka iinkedama bangxamele iqulathe kwaye balondoloze kwezi zokufihla intloko.

Wonke umhlali kangako njengomzi ongqingiweyo uye inyaniso eyoyikekayo. Ihlabathi liphela baba iidayari odumileyo iLeningrad yesikole Tani Savichevoy.

Uphawu yeentlungu eLeningrad

Tanya jaguares - ngoku igama sesona inyumnyezi nathemba, leyo kwafuneka ukuba balwe abemi baloo mzi. Yintoni ke sasinda iLeningrad! Tanya jaguares Xelela ihlabathi eli bali kabuhlungu ngokusebenzisa amangenelo yakhe kwijenali.

Le ntombazana yaba umntwana omncinane Maria kunye Nikolaya Savichevyh. Ngelo xesha, nasekuxinweni, eyaqalisa ngoSeptemba, obekumele ukuba umfundi Class 4. Xa usapho lwafunda ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, kwenziwa isigqibo naphi na umzi ukuba ahambe, kodwa ukuhlala ukuze libonelele uncedo kunokwenzeka ukuya emkhosini.

Umama ntombazana sikhe ukuba amajoni. UMzalwan 'Lech, ngubani ndingaboni kakuhle, zange ithathelwe emkhosini, abewenzela i-Admiralty zalapho. UDade Tanya, Zhenya noNina, baba ngabathathi nxaxheba abakhutheleyo ekulweni nxamnye notshaba. Ngoko ke, Nina, ngoxa kukho onamandla, waya kusebenza, apho, kunye namanye amatsha umba imisele ukomeleza ukuziphendulela esi sixeko. Zhenya, bazifihla unina noninakhulu, banikele ngokufihlakeleyo igazi ababelwa bancwine abahlatyiweyo.

UTania, xa mzi ahlala ekuqaleni Novemba kwakhona kwamenza esikolweni, ndaya kufunda. Ngeli xesha, kwafunyaniswa izikolo 103 kuphela, kodwa kunye ukufika kuneqabaka kakhulu baye bayeka ukusebenza.

UTanya, intombazana encinane, kakhulu, nto ehleli. Kunye nabanye abantwana, wanceda ukuba ukwemba imisele, acime "isikhanyisi".

entabeni Kungekudala wankqonkqoza emnyango entsapho. akazange Eyokuqala ukuza ekhaya, uNina. Le ntombazana akazange eze emva neziqhushumbisi ikrakra. Xa kwacaca ukuba Nina abazange babone, umama wanika Tanya udade yokubhalela. Kukho ukuba abangamantombazana kamva ukwenza ungeno zabo.

War. Ukuvimba. Leningrad - isixeko ongqingiweyo, apho wafela ngaphandle iintsapho. Ngoko ke waba nentsapho savicheva.

Eugene bafa ngemva ngqo kwi mveliso. Wasebenza, ndalisila kude kwi iishifti-2 emgceni. waziseza igazi. Apha ukunyanzelisa naphezu.

sizi wehluleka uninakhulu, ibhinqa wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Piskarevskoe.

Kwaye ixesha ngalinye, xa intaba iyagquma emnyango wendlu savicheva, Tanya wavula incwadi yakhe ukuphawula kukufa komnye nabantu ababathandayo. Kungekudala wafa Leka, kuba yena ukuba abe ezimbini intombazana oomalume, wafa nomama wam.

"Savichevs bonke bafa. UTanya wasala yedwa "- ezi imigca ezimbi kwidayari Tanya ukuba adlulisele umonakalo wazibonela abemi njengomzi ongqingiweyo. UTanya wafa. Kodwa yena ephosakeleyo, wayengazi ukuba umntu ophilayo phakathi savicheva. Yaba udade wabo, Nina, ngubani kugcinwa ngexesha kweziqhushumbisi zize zisiwe ngasemva.

Yiloo UNina, wabuyela iindonga lokuzalwa kwakhe ngo-1945, kuya blog oodade kwaye uxelele ihlabathi eli bali ezoyikekayo. Imbali kubantu bonke, ngobukroti ukulwa ngenxa kowabo.

Abantwana - amaqhawe ukuqapha iLeningrad

Bonke abahlali besixeko, wasinda waza waphumelela ukufa, ilungelo bamelwe ukubizwa namaqhawe.

Ingakumbi ngesibindi baziphatha uninzi abantwana. Little abemi lizwe ezinkulu nje ehleli @UnathiKondile, kuya kufika nini inkululeko; balwa for yakowabo iLeningrad wakhe.

Phantse nawuphi na umcimbi kuloo mzi akazange athabathe indawo ngaphandle inxaxheba kwabantwana. Abantwana abadala bathabatha inxaxheba intshabalalo iziqhushumbisi sigade, ukucima imililo, iingoma tram nyulu kunye neendlela, ubutyobo assorted emva iziqhushumbisi.

Sagcina kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad. Abantwana kwanyanzeleka ukuba indawo yaye kuvalwe kufutshane oomatshini bemizi-mveliso yabantu abadala abathi babulawa, wafa okanye waya ngaphambili. Ingakumbi kubantwana ababesebenza mveliso, zazakhiwe wakha othini lwaso ngomthi, ukuze babe nako, njengoko abadala, ukuba asebenze kwi imveliso iinxalenye ngenxa imipu ngomatshini, amaqokobhe zokudubula nemipu machine.

Entlakohlaza ekwindla abantwana isebenza emyezweni kunye namasimi kwifama karhulumente. Ngexesha kuphangwa uphawu utitshala onyamekela kubantwana, wayisusa iminqwazi, wawa ngobuso emhlabeni. Ukoyisa lo ubushushu, ubumdaka, imvula, kwaye iqabaka yokuqala, amaqhawe aselula wayingqinga iLeningrad waqokelela isivuno irekhodi.

Abantwana izibheldele watyelela: zicocwe apho, baye bamkela ababuleweyo, wanceda ukondla abagula kakhulu.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba amaJamani benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze atshabalalise iLeningrad, isixeko waphila. Wahlala ke wasinda. Emva kokuba kwesiqalekiso kuvalwe iindlela amawaka 15 abantwana wafumana imbasa "ukuziphendulela Leningrad".

Indlela wabuyela ebomini

Lake Ladoga - indlela kuphela, nto leyo ubuncinane abathile ithuba lokuba bahlale benolwazi ngokuqhubekayo lizwe. Ehlotyeni ukuba isikhephe ebusika - imoto ihamba phezu ngumkhenkce. Phambi kokuba ebusika buka 1941 waya kwisixeko aze amtsalele kunye amaphenyane, kodwa Front Military iBhunga wayesazi Ladoga ngumkhenkce kwaye ngoko yonke indlela ziya ivaliwe. Yaqalisa imfuno entsha nokulungiselela lokuwandisa nezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano.

Ngaloo ndlela yalungiselelwa ukuba Ladoga umkhenkce, eyaqala ekugqibeleni kuthiwe "Indlela of Life." Xa kwimbali kwafa Gcina Umhla, xa iinqwelo ihashe yokuqala abekuhambisa ngendlela ngapha umkhenkce, kwaba November 21, 1941

Emva koku, iimoto 60 Waya, injongo leyo, ukuba kuziswe yomgubo wesixeko. Esi sixeko yaqala ukufumana isonka, ixabiso apho ubomi bomntu, kuba inkqubela kule ndlela iye yanxulunyaniswa engozini enkulu. Oomashini rhoqo ayiphumelelanga phantsi umkhenkce yazika ukuya ezantsi abantu edikeni kunye nemveliso. Umsebenzi njengokuba umqhubi wenqwelo enjalo iye ebulalayo. Kwezinye iindawo umkhenkce lowo ethe kangangokuba isibini lweengxowa zithwele iinkozo okanye ngomatshini yomgubo kungaba lula kuba phantsi ngumkhenkce. moya nganye wadlula ngale ndlela zobuqhawe. AmaJamani ayefuna ngokwenene ukuvala kuyo, iziqhushumbisi ze Ladoga baba rhoqo, kodwa inkalipho ubuqhawe abemi besixeko ayengavunyelwa ukuba yenzeke kuyo.

"Indlela yobomi" ngokwenene umsebenzi wawo. ELeningrad, waqalisa nizalise kutya kunye noomatshini ithatyathwe abantwana kunye noomama babo. Hayi njalo le ndlela ukhuselekile. Emva kwemfazwe, xa ehlola emazantsi zokudlala Lake Ladoga iLeningrad abantwana abafunyaniswe ukuba baye zafa ngexesha uthutho olunjalo. Ukongeza ezinobungozi zinyibilikisiwe kwindlela ice, iilori ngobungxamo kudla phantsi umlilo utshaba kunye nezikhukula.

Malunga 20,000 abantu abasebenza kule ndlela. Makubulelwe kuphela kwabo nesibindi, namandla komoya kunye nomnqweno kusinda isixeko oko kwakufuneka kakhulu - ithuba lokusinda.

Ukuze asinde isixeko-hero

Summer 1942 wayesoyika kakhulu. AmaNazi zenyuse besilwa imiphambili ka eLeningrad. Ngokuphawulekayo ukwanda iziqhushumbisi yaye neziqhushumbisi yesixeko.

Ehlabathini sixeko kwakukho ibhetri zokudubula entsha. Iintshaba ke iisekethe mzi, nezahlulo ebalulekileyo neziqhushumbisi ngemihla.

Sagcina kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad. Abantu wajika emzini wabo ibe yinqaba. Ngoko ke, emzini ngeendleko kweziza 110 ezinkulu zokhuselo, emingxunyeni yaye imivumbo ezahlukeneyo kwabonakala ithuba okufuna nokuhlelwa emkhosini. Ezi zenzo aba yinto yokuba kakhulu inciphise inani kwabafileyo wayilimaza.

January 12 Army of Leningrad kunye Volkhov fronts lasungula ekhubekisayo. Emva kweentsuku 2, umgama phakathi kwemikhosi ezimbini kweekhilomitha ngaphantsi kwe-2. AmaJamani wamelana ngenkani, kodwa ngoJanuwari 18 nabaphumi-iLeningrad kunye Volkhov kwasenkundleni enxulumene.

Olu suku yabalasela esinye isiganeko esibalulekileyo: ukususwa kwafa nto ngenxa ekukhululweni Shlisselburg, kwakunye wokucoca epheleleyo utshaba unxweme olusemazantsi Ladoga chibi.

Ngaselunxwemeni lwaba kwindlela kwe-10 km, nguye lowo wayibuyisela uxhulumaniso ilizwe lizwe.

Xa kwakukho emcela ukuqapha, esi sixeko abantu malunga 800 amawaka.

yinyanga ebalulekileyo January 27, 1944 phantsi kwimbali njengoko mini waphuma xa kuvalwe iindlela isixeko sisusiwe ngokupheleleyo.

Ngale mini kangaka, eMoscow uyekelwe iLeningrad ngasekunene emva kokuba kwesiqalekiso imisebenzi yaye kuvalwe imveliso lokubhiyozela into yokuba esi sixeko yasinda. Umyalelo ukuba amajoni, ophumelele, iye ayigqitywanga Stalin, kodwa ukuba ndithethe. Loo kulilungelo zange kunikwa umphathi oyinhloko zonke imiphambili IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic.

Le kwafa yathatha iintsuku 900. Le yeyona liliphalaza igazi elimsulwa, ngenkohlakalo yaye engenabuntu yaye kuvalwe kwimbali yoluntu. ukubaluleka yayo yomlando yeyabahlali. Idodobalise amandla enkulu imikhosi yaseJamani ebudeni balo lonke eli xesha, abahlali iLeningrad seyinike uncedo esixabiseke ukuba baqhube imisebenzi zomkhosi kwezinye iindawo ngaphambili.

Ngaphezu kwama-350 amawaka amajoni-nxaxheba iLeningrad Defense bafumana iimedali zabo. Abantu 226 zanikwa kwisihloko Hero eSoviet Union ngesiqu. 1.5 yezigidi zabantu ziye zanikwa imbasa "ukuziphendulela Leningrad".

Esi sixeko ngenxa ubuqhawe namandla wamkela ngesiqu ka Hero City.