Monument ku Catherine e Odessa nakwezinye izixeko

Le yinxalenye yelifa lenkcubeko lizwe ukwakweli odumileyo Catherine Square umzi, ibekwe kumazantsi Ukraine. Iyodwa into eyindoda kuye, naye kukho oqingqiweyo uCatherine yoBuhlobo Omkhulu, kwaye zidityaniswe, yaye wabaseki Odessa - flounces de, de Ribas, Potemkin kunye amazinyo.

Kwinqwanqwa yakhiwa ngo-1900 ngabunye baze ngo-1920 Ngo-2007 kwakukho Ukubuyiselwa lesikhumbuzo, nto leyo ebangela ozimisele wezepolitiki ebuhlungu.

Facts ukususela kwimbali lesikhumbuzo

Njengoko waziwa, ngo-1794 ngokuyalelwa uCatherine II waqala ukwakha isixeko kwizibuko, kamva ngokuba Odessa. Emva 200 kweminyaka, abemi balo mzi wamisa Monument imbeko uKumkanikazi, leyo efakwe kwi eponymous yembutho. Ke iiBolsheviks weza ngamandla, kwaye kwagqitywa ukuba aludilize. Eqingqiweyo de Volan, de Ribas, Potemkin kunye amazinyo - ukugqithisa imbali komyuziyam, kunye nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo uCatherine Omkhulu - ukutshabalalisa.

Ngowe-1965, phezu enye uCatherine Square wamisa lesikhumbuzo entsha, nto leyo lunikezelwa isikhumbuzo sama-60 ngonyaka we-oomatiloshe wempi edume "Potemkin".

2007 kwaphawulwa kukuba abasemagunyeni isixeko wagqiba lokuphinda lesikhumbuzo ukuze Catherine e Odessa njenge umnqwazi wabaseki kulo mzi. Abaxhasi lo msebenzi wenziwa ngu R. Tarpan (Ilungu lebhunga isixeko). Monument "Potemkintsam - inzala" baye bafudukela kuloo ndawo amasiko. Imifanekiso kunye Catherine II, kunye namaqabane ayo wabuyela kwindawo yalo efanelekileyo. Ngenxa yokuphulukana Ekuqaleni lesikhumbuzo (uKumkanikazi of intloko) kwagqitywa ukuvelisa umba elishiyiweyo kwakhona.

Yintoni wajika ukuvulwa ozukileyo lesikhumbuzo

Ngo-Oktobha waloo nyaka ithiwe thaca kwi-abemi isikhumbuzo uCatherine Omkhulu. Lo msitho lukhatshwe rally kunye nabaxhasi kunye abachasi ukuvuselela zelifa lenkcubeko lizwe.

isizwe Ukrainian Wafik ngaphambili bazama ukuphazamisa ulwakhiwo lesikhumbuzo ukutshisa abotshwe uKumkanikazi kunye nokulwa kunye namagosa ukuthotyelwa komthetho. Nabo ke, olulawulwa, ngokoluvo lwabo, izibakala kwibali ukumkanikazi angenasihlahla lichithakale isinxibelelanisi kunye bekusoloko wenza njenge "umsiki abantu Ukrainian."

njani le lesikhumbuzo

2 isikhumbuzo Catherine e Odessa yakhiwa kwi isikweri igama elifanayo nje kwenzeka. Yenye yeendawo ezininzi sihle kwesi sixeko. indawo Catherine, kunye nalo ilitye lesikhumbuzo yembali ye lomculo kunye kwizinyuko Potemkin, okanye ngaphezulu kanye inxalenye yayo ephezulu (igama sikweni ezinxulumene kwimpumelelo ifilimu Eisenstein). Yena wakha lesikhumbuzo yobhedu iNkosana - Duke de Richelieu (iRhuluneli-General of Odessa 1805-1814 gg.).

amanyathelo Parallel Potemkin Amanyathelo kwakhona kuphela xa uyilo aneziporo eyaziwa original ukuba yayinqwelo kwizikhulu ezibini ukuba ezitshibilizayo yanjalo kumacala amabini - phezulu, phantsi. Bafaka esekwe ngexesha escalators leSoviet ukuba niyahiliza, ngenxa yomonakalo kunokuba ekutyibilikeni ngokupheleleyo. Okwangoku, umxholo imoto cable wathwala izibonelelo ofisi kasodolophu, kwaye ndikhwele simahla.

Ukubaluleka lokubuyiselwa lesikhumbuzo zembali

Potemkin Izinyuko by kwiziphambuka ezinxulumene ne kulwakhiwo Station Maritime, kwakunye ukufikelela mkhumbi ubangel, nto leyo kwakhona YamaSilamsi Imikhumbi abakhweli evela ehlabathini lonke. Konke oku kungentla kudala omnye bokwakha lomculo yimbali. Lokuphinda lesikhumbuzo ukuze Catherine Odessa kunye ayo namaqabane - kusho ukuze yenze kuqala amanyathelo ukubuyiselwa ezibalulekileyo bezakhiwo Odessa yezembali xekweni elithe a kunene emibalabala elidlulileyo.

Biography of uCatherine Omkhulu

Ngaphambili, waba inkosazana le ubulawuli German ka-Anhalt-Zerbst. Igama lakhe Nozipho Augusta Frederica. Uye wangeniswa 1744 eRashiya utshatile. Ungumyeni wakhe yindlalifa kwitrone Russian, Grand Duke Peter Fedorovich. Oku kwalandelwa Kokuqinisekisa, apho Nozipho Augusta Frederica wabhaptizwa kunye negama lamaKristu Catherine A .. Wakhawuleza kakhulu waphumelela novelwano bobabini wenkundla kwaye yonke yabalindi.

Ngaphezu koko, yi Catherine A. Guard kunye nabazalwana Gregory kunye Alekseya Orlovyh, awonisa sebali, wabhukuqa etroneni loMlawuli Peter III yendoda yakhe. Kwaye ngo 1762 ke isithsaba phantsi igama Enkulu uCatherine II.

Nempikiswano uKumkanikazi

Zingakotshwa ngokwamaqela kuluhlu zilandelayo, ezizezi:

1. Kuye ukhuphe ngokuphathelele amalungelo bakwaYuda.
2. Ngexesha lakhe bolawulo eliphum neyabalimi imfazwe, elisuke laba inkulu Emelyan Pugachev.
3. Xa ixesha kobukumkani uCatherine Omkhulu eRashiya zinamathele: eCrimea, Northern neCaucasus, Northern Black Sea Coast, Belarusian, Lithuanian kunye namazwe West Ukrainian.
4. Ngokutsho kummiselo uKumkanikazi, uyekwa eUkraine hetman.
5. Ukumiswa Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi yaveliswa.
6. Wabumba Black Sea Cossacks. Kule nkalo ngokusemthethweni iinkokeli ayo ulinganiswa yezikhulu.
7. UCatherine II wamisa kwikholeji lonyango wakha ngaphezu kokuba izibhedlele kweshumi.
8. Ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe iquka ukuqaliswa gonyo nxamnye ekupheliseni ingqakaqa.
9. uthungelwano yonke yamakhaya iinkedama zadalwa.
10. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe waliseka Russian lokuqala eli lizwe Academy of Sciences.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwiminyaka yokugqibela ubomi uKumkanikazi uCatherine II echithwe yokunyamekela isixeko wadala igama Odessa kuyo. Benindifunela labantu yalo ubukhulu becala ngamazwe. Basoko belwakhele umkhanya uxanduva ukwakhiwa Odessa kunye nokubonelela konke kunye nenkxaso eziphathekayo yokuziphatha.

Ngoko ke, akukho namnye Akukho mathandabuzo ukuchaneka sesigqibo ukuphinda-ukuseka yembali xabiso ngokuphindwe isikhumbuzo uCatherine 2. Ngo Odessa, yayakhiwe ngasekunene.

Indlela phambili imemori ye uKumkanikazi Podolsk

isikhumbuzo sakhe elimiswe ngoSeptemba 2008 yembutho eponymous. osemqoka yayo ethile enze ngoko njengoko zimelwe yi uKumkanikazi - emsebenzini, ngokwahlukileyo koko iboniswe lesikhumbuzo ukuze Catherine Odessa - ngokuziqhenya ujonge emazantsi abantu ukuwela.

Ababhali kwikhompyutha xa asayina uxwebhu ebalulekileyo - ngengqibo Oktobha 5, 1781, apho i-uKumkanikazi wayalela kokusekwa isixeko Podolsk. Le lesikhumbuzo kumi ngenxa yemisebenzi ezidibeneyo Aleksandra Rozhnikova kunye uNicholas Pestova. Ukuze ube ngqo, kanye ingcamango yexabiso yezembali ngowam Pestova, yaye kuthwelwe oko Rožnik. Phantse ezimbini iitoni lulingana zobhedu isikhumbuzo uCatherine. Podolsk, nangona umzi oko wabumba, kodwa igalelo layo uKumkanikazi wazisa uphuhliso omkhulu.

St. Petersburg: isikhumbuzo uCatherine

Le umlando kuboniswa kwikomkhulu Northern. E St. Petersburg, ngomhla edumileyo Ostrovsky Square 1873 uye wamisa lesikhumbuzo ukuya uCatherine II. Lo mbono ukwenza isikhumbuzo Catherine eSt Petersburg kweza leminyaka emva kokufika uKumkanikazi ukuya etroneni.

Ababhali yale sculpture eyenziwe abaculi abaziwayo Russian kunye abakroli: uMikhail Mikeshin, Matvey Chizhov, Alexander Opekushin, kunye nabayili - Dzhozef esibuhlungu Victor Shterer. Stone lokuvelisa zelitye lenyengane kwamanqwanqwa ndizalelwe ngokukodwa ukusuka kunxweme Karelian Isthmus. Ukuze oku kube yimfuneko ukuba ukoyisa indlela phezu kwamanzi ekunene ukuya eSt Petersburg Neva River. Ukuze uhlangulwe ilitye ekunene ndawo, Bekufuneka ukuba ibuthuma kaloliwe tracks.

Sculpture ukuphakama uKumkanikazi ka-4.35 m. Lesikhumbuzo ku uCatherine II thaca oqingqiweyo yayo emide. Ngesandla sakhe sokunene uqeshwe yintonga, nangasekhohlo - umqhele ngowakhe. Waguqa ezinyaweni zakhe, ngokomfanekiso ibekwe Isithsaba yoBukhosi baseRashiya, yaye esifubeni sakhe - i-Order of Andreya Pervozvannogo.

YoBuhlobo ye uKumkanikazi

imifanekiso yabo ngezantsi koseko ngeenxa zonke, ngokukodwa:

• imbongi kunye laseburhulumenteni Gavrila Derzhavin;
• zomkhosi Russian Count Alexei Orlov-Chesmensky;
• laseburhulumenteni Bala uPyotr Rumyantsev;
• umphathi Russian enkulu hero yethu yesizwe Alexander Suvorov;
• laseburhulumenteni kunye oluthandayo uKumkanikazi UGrigory Potemkin ;
• wamazwe Russian kunye Admiral Vasily Chichyagov;
• Princess n Dashkova;
• UMongameli Imperial Academy of Arts Ivan Betskoi;
• laso Alexander Bezborodko.

It isigqibo lokuphinda lesikhumbuzo ukuze Catherine e Simferopol

Yena ke yangcwaliswa ngo-Oktobha 1890 Le lesikhumbuzo umelwe nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo ukumkanikazi kwi koseko. Kufutshane nomfanekiso uCatherine II abahlobo bayo: G. Potemkin-Tauride, V. Dolgorukov-Krymsky, Alexander Suvorov kunye I. Bulgakov. Babeka oluninzi umgudu ukuze eCrimea yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya, naphezu usingasiqithi wabonakala Simferopol.

Le ehlotyeni, usodolophu enhla isixeko isaziso isigqibo ukubuyisela eli xabiso zembali. Nceda kwinkqubo udala litye lesikhumbuzo nomkroli ecetywayo Zurab Tsereteli.

Le lesikhumbuzo esanda kubuyiselwa uKumkanikazi e Krasnodar

Ekuqaleni kwakhiwa ngowe-1907, yaye ngowe-1920 - yatshatyalaliswa iiBolsheviks. Monument ku Catherine Krasnodar ebuyiselweyo nje obubhenqwe isigqubuthelo ngokufanelekileyo ngo-2006

Uyilelwe imbeko isikhumbuzo 200th le Kuban Cossack Army (1895), artist odumileyo nomkroli Mihailom Mikeshinym. Ukuvulwa ozukileyo ngelifa lembali kwenzeka kwinyanga ka May 1907

Njengoko isikhumbuzo Catherine e Odessa, le lesikhumbuzo efuziselwa nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo ukumkanikazi phezu kwamanqwanqwa. Yena banxiba yasebukhosini ezimfusa iphethe intonga kunye orb. Emva kodonga kwinqwanqwa thaca samalungelo 1792. Ngomhla ekhohlo uCatherine II ngasemva yenarha ezahlukeneyo lokulwa kuboniswe liTshawe neTshawekazi yakhe ozithandayo Potemkin-Tauride imiqondiso zomkhosi, kunye nelungelo - nezikhulu yokuqala Cossack Anton Holovaty, UZachary zakhary chepiha Sidor nomhlophe. Ngasemva lesikhumbuzo bubonakaliswe Kobzar eyimfama izizikhokelo uluhlu zoloyiso ukuba iphumelele Russia kunye inxaxheba Kuban Cossacks.

Le lesikhumbuzo ntsha - umsebenzi nomkroli Alexander Kuban Apollo. Ngexesha inkqubo yokuvelisa le lesikhumbuzo waqondisa original imifanekiso yobhedu, kunye neemodeli, imizobo kunye namaxwebhu mpepha. Le lesikhumbuzo kwenziwe kumasifundisane castings zobugcisa Rostov University.