Imbali Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi - nguye kunye nokukhuthaza kuphela, waba kummandla ka Khortytsya wesiqithi, kodwa kunzima kungachananga. Eneneni, phantsi le imbali gama liye kuhlanganiswa inani lamaziko ye Dnieper Cossacks, owaphumelela nye series. Baye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emazantsi Dnieper, ukuya ngasezantsi Dnieper enemisinga (kungoko igama "Zaporozhye").

First Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi - yi Khortytsia inqaba (Khortytsia isinxibelelanisi), owasekwa ngo-1552 yi-Prince Dmitriem Vishnevetskim kwisiqithi Little Khortytsya. It yatshatyalaliswa amajoni iCrimea Turkish sele 1557, kodwa ingcamango yakhe - kakuhle enqatyisiweyo inkampu yomkhosi - kungekudala zavuselelwa ngohlobo nemibutho zilandelayo isinxibelelanisi.

Xa iyonke, imbali Zaporozhye Sech iye ezisibhozo isinxibelelanisi, iyileyo owayekho kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya ku-40: Khortytsia, Tomakovskaya, Bazavlutskaya, Nikitinskaya, Chertomlytskaya, Kamensky, Aloshkovskaya kunye Podpolnenskaya.

Ziziphi amasiko kunye nezenzo weyisa apho? Yaziwa, umzekelo, ukuba reception Sech iinkunzi kwafuneka ukuba simahla, abangatshatanga, in Ukrainian abathi Orthodox kuyabonakala (okanye christened kwinkolelo obudala). Emva kokuba Ulwamkelo Cossacks, kwakufuneka uqeqesho emkhosini, eyathatha kwiminyaka esixhenxe.

Ugunyaziwe kuphela kule nkampu yaba Symbol, leyo isonjululwe yonke imibuzo ebalulekileyo. Symbol kwenzeka ngomhla woku-1 Oktobha, ngoko ngoJanuwari 1 yaye ngosuku lwesibini okanye lwesithathu Easter. Kwakhona, iPalamente ukuba ibanjwe nangaliphi na ixesha ngesicelo amaninzi Cossacks. Izigqibo ezithatyathwe iPalamente inyanzelekile ukuba wonke.

Uluntu of the Cossacks of Zaporozhye Sech ogama Kosh. Walaliswa ukutshaya 38, nto ke leyo iiyunithi eyahlukileyo yasemkhosini. kuren nganye ukusuka amashumi eziliqela kumakhulukhulu eziliqela Cossack. Ukongeza, igama elithi "ukutshaya" enye intsingiselo - ". Indlu yomkhosi" i-njalo kuxokwa isakhiwo zokuhlala, apho kwakukho

Nangona yokuba zonke izigqibo ezithathwe kwi-Rad, Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi waba isahluko, nto leyo ataman. Ukongeza kwi-ofisi yayo engundoqo, unelungelo ukusayina isigwebo sokufa ngenxa abenzi le Cossacks. Ingakumbi ulwaphulo-mthetho olumasikizi zezi zilandelayo: ukubulawa omnye Cossack Cossack; ikhona, nkqu Minor, ubusela; alwe ngelixa inti; ukweqa; iphanga nabantu basekuhlaleni.

Malunga Zaporozhye Cossacks, ukomelela kwakhona zabo, inkalipho, engekho semgangathweni iindlela yomzabalazo zaba oluninzi amavo. Kwaye inyani - bakwazi ukumelana ngempumelelo neentshaba ezinamandla, eliqela kakuhle exhobileyo.

Ngowe-1775, i-Russian uKumkanikazi uCatherine II wasayina kupapasho-, njengoko apho Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi, hayi kuphela wabatshabalalisa, kodwa kwabalelwa ngokusemthethweni kwiphondo Novorossiysk, ephela noziqulathe Zaporizhzhya Cossacks. Izizathu zoku sigqibo sibi yayisekelwe kwiziganeko eziliqela.

Okokuqala, iRussia isayinwe ikhontrakthi iCrimea Khanate leyo wafumana ukufikelela kwi kuLwandle Black, ngokunjalo nemfuneko yokukhusela imida wasezantsi shwaka. Okwesibini, amanyathelo abonakalayo Cossacks inxaxheba kule mvukelo yase Pugachev, ngoko uCatherine II Boyika ukuba ukwanda imvukelo kunye emaqeleni Zaporizhzhya.

Juni 5, 1775 waqala ukuvalwa edume Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi. amabutho Russian ekhokelwa Jikelele-uLieutenant uPetros weza Zaporozhye TEKEL ebusuku. Babutha usuku xa Cossacks ibhiyozele somthi eluhlaza yaye abakakulungeli ukulwa. Ngokutsho iziphumo myalelo Tekeli Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi iye yanikezela ngaphandle umlo. Izimali kunye noovimba zathinjwa. Emva koko, i-Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo zokudubula.

Emva kokuba ibiya isinxibelelanisi wayo Cossacks wajoyina ezintlwini nabaphumi-mkhosi Russian, kwaye phoyisa baba izidwangube. Peter Kalnyshevsky, ngabokugqibela ataman Zaporozhye Sech, wathunyelwa woonongendi Solovetsky, apho wachitha iminyaka 28 engcwabeni de ukufa kwakhe. Amanye Cossacks wemka ngenxa eTurkey, apho waseka Danubian isinxibelelanisi, onako ukubamba ngaphandle de 1828. Transdanubia Cossacks balwa kwicala lwe Turkey, kwakunye inxaxheba kule kwezithandani yokuvukela.