Peter Kalnyshevsky: biography. Ukumiselwa isikhulu Petra Kalnyshevskogo

Peter Kalnyshevsky - odumileyo Ataman Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi, owona lokugqibela kwimbali Cossack Republic yabanjwa kule ofisi ephezulu. Kuba izenzo ezenziwa ngexesha ubomi kule ndoda, emva kokuqwalaselwa oyiNgcwele Sinodi lwe Ukrainian Orthodox Church of ingxelo yeKomishoni Synodal ngenxa Oonobangela Saints, yena lamiselwa. Amalungisa Petra Kalnyshevskogo isikhumbuzo ngoNovemba 13 kwikhalenda Gregorian, imini yokufa kwakhe. Njengoko waphila loo mntu, yaye yintoni nezimanga abayiphumezayo ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe, yaba kukuba yena lamiselwa? Impendulo yalo mbuzo iza kuzama ukunika inqaku.

Ukuqala ebomini

Kalnyshevsky Peter Ivanovich yaba ngozalelwe kuloo lali Pustovoytovka, nto leyo ise kummandla Sumy (Ukraine). Unyaka wokuzalwa - 1691. Ngelishwa, kwimbali data phantse akukho walondoloza ngobuntwana bakhe kunye nolutsha. Facts about ngeminyaka yakhe yokuqala kuqinisekiswa okuzibonela kuphela kodwa amabali ukuba abantu ukuba kudluliswe ngomlomo emlonyeni.

Yinto eyaziwayo nje ukuba wazalelwa kwintsapho Cossack. Kungekudala unina ongumhlolokazi, waza uPetros eneminyaka eli-8 ubudala beza isinxibelelanisi. Noba oku kuyinyaniso okanye ilejendi - ayaziwa. Okokuba wangena kwi khusi Cossacks, kakhulu, akwaziwa.

In Zaporozhye Pet Kalnyshevsky wafumana imfundo yakhe yokuqala, yaba kwisikolo ecaweni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lo gama imfundo waba nendima enkulu kwiphupha lakhe ikamva Cossack. In Zaporozhye e amabandla kwizikolo ezininzi zavuleka, apho izifundo ziye zaqhutywa yi ngabameli ngabefundisi.

EyoQobo yi yokuba waqalisa umsebenzi yasemkhosini njenge sasebukhosini elula. Ngaphambi kokuba ataman, waba colonel nangoMatshi 1752 ngenxa 1761, kwaye esaul emkhosini 1754, nomgwebi wamajoni 1763 ukuya 1765

Kalnyshevsky wayeyinkokeli nesiphiwo emkhosini, igorha olunokwazisa, sezopolitiko wengcibi; Wayesazi kakhulu yaye unako. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba kungekudala wawongwa irenki omtsha emkhosini - Colonel jikelele.

Kalnyshevsky wayesaziwa kakuhle enkundleni. Izihlandlo eziliqela, waba yintloko ke akwamanye Cossack njengokuba uPetros I kunye n II.

1762 kwaba yinguquko ebomini bakhe - Kalnyshevsky ataman ekhethiweyo.

chieftanship lokuqala

Peter Kalnyshevsky, ogama engobomi inee- iziganeko kwemilinganiselo embalini, wonyulelwa Ataman kanye. ofisi wakhe wokuqala onyulwe kwathiwa: "Lo ataman - i pilot lonke yomkhosi." Kule isikhundla Cossacks bakhetha isahluko yabo phakathi amava-zihlanjiwe, kwaye uninzi okunongwe abadala.

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala Kalnyshevsky Ataman wachitha kakhulu kancinane. udumo lwakhe phakathi Cossacks yayinkulu kunene. Yena wamshenxisa kuye kwesi sikhundla uCatherine II nje urhulumente embi.

chieftanship yesibini

Peter Kalnyshevsky ke ngoko makahlonitshwe umkhosi Cossack, akunguye Cossacks wamoyika ukwephula kummiselo Queen. Ngokwahlukileyo intando uCatherine II, amagosa Cossack kwakhona naye wonyulwa ataman zabo. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1764.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, njengokuba isikhulu, Kalnyshevsky ayenziwa e Zaporozhye iinkomo namantshontsho nezolimo. Wayefuna ukwandisa inani labantu kule ndawo kwaye oku kwanceda abalimi abaye babaleka, elowo enkosini yakhe. Ngenkxaso yakhe inxaxheba Cossacks ngokufuthi ayihlasela AmaTatar kukhululwa ekuthinjweni bakubo. Ataman koko owabelwe kuba ilizwe labo Zaporozhye.

Ngenxa kungekudala Kalnyshevsky Zaporizhia emathafeni efumaneke kwiilali ezininzi ezintsha. Peter Kalnyshevsky ngokwakhe waba ngomnye wabantu bazizinhanha Ukraine. Waba umnini iilali ezininzi neefama, amasimi kunye emadlelweni, ukuba amawaka amaninzi emhlambini weenkomo.

Kalnyshevsky wehla waya embalini njenge van'wankumi odumileyo. imali yakhe wakha iicawa neetempile kwiidolophu ezininzi Ukrainian needolophana.

Kalnyshevsky and Catherine II

UCatherine II wadlala indima enkulu hayi kuphela nxi Kalnyshevsky, yena wabeka isandla sakhe ekutshatyalalisweni lonke Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi. Kodwa oku kuya kuxoxwa kamva.

Okwangoku, kuyaziwa ukuba ngaxa lithile Kalnyshevsky, ukuba ube yinxalenye Cossacks kunikezwa ukuya enkundleni, wathabatha ithuba lokudibana abasebukhosini Russian nokuseka ubudlelwane luncedo ngokwabo abantu.

Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni ngokuhamba kwexesha Kalnyshevsky Peter Ivanovich waba ngomnye wabantu zinhanha kunye nempembelelo Ukraine. Njengoko isikhulu, ukuba wada wamenywa ukuba ibekwa ka uCatherine II.

ukusebenza kwakhe kumnandi kakhulu kwaye kwaqatshelwa ukumkanikazi, kodwa loo nto ayizange kuchaphazela isigqibo sokuba imkhuphe ofisi Kalnyshevsky Ataman Cossack umkhosi (oko nokususwa yokuqala Kalnyshevsky kwi-ofisi). Enye inguqulelo yale siganeko sembali, uthi ukumkanikazi akazange ungathanda amazwe anenzondelelo kakhulu ataman komhlaba Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi.

Xa Kalnyshevsky akhethwe okwesihlandlo sesibini, ngokwemiyalelo ukumkanikazi nokuba udale isebe ekhethekileyo zophando, eliphanda izizathu ukuba uyadelela kwinkundla yakomkhulu leyo nobuganga obukwanjalo. Ngubani na owaziyo ukuba lwaphela uphando nokuba zingaphi imigomo enjalo 'labhabha phantsi ukusuka itheko, "ukuba imfazwe phakathi eRashiya ne Turkey.

Russian-Turkish imfazwe

inkundla Royal wayesazi ukuba umkhosi Cossack kunokuba luncedo olukhulu uloyiso phezu Turks, hayi nje Cossacks waba indima egwebayo emfazweni. UCatherine II akukho angakwenza kodwa 'ukuvala amehlo abo' ukuba unyulo ngabom Cossacks Kalnyshevsky, kwanyanzeleka ukuba nazigqibo nesibakala sokuba intando yakhe singenziwa.

Yaba into yokuba ukuba nefuthe elikhulu, kwakunye ubutyebi, Kalnyshevsky wayehlala ataman de kube ngumhla wokugqibela ubukho isinxibelelanisi. Rhoqo ngonyaka kangangeminyaka eli-10, ukuba inkokheli bakhe abanyuliweyo.

ERashiya, imfazwe kunye Turkey Cossack umkhosi liye kuphela ngesandla ilungileyo. Lo kumkanikazi wavuya kakhulu kwaye bakhalaza udidi Cossack sikhulu yomkhosi uLieutenant jikelele. Ukongeza, isikhulu uPetros Kalnyshevsky wafumana isihloko Chevalier Order of the Empire Russian - Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Isinxibelelanisi: Ekupheleni kwimbali

Zaporozhtsy bangamajoni isebenziseke, bayamxhasa eRussia imfazwe eTurkey. Kodwa kwinkundla sengqondo yasebukhosini kubo negative kuphela: i Cossacks babegqalwa bavukeli. Ngoxa for eRussia usongo AmaTatar, Zaporozhye umkhosi ukunyamezeleka noluvunyiweyo, kodwa emva ngokutyikitya isivumelwano soxolo ne iCrimea Khanate uKumkanikazi wagqiba ekubeni balahle Cossacks. Prince Potemkin wakhutshwa umthetho phezu ukutshatyalaliswa Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi. Ngoko ke, ngoMeyi ka-1755 obephethe Potemkin Tekeli ingqongwe umkhosi wakhe isinxibelelanisi.

Xa Cossacks zabekwa imipu, baye baziswa ummiselo uKumkanikazi kaThixo, eyayisingethe ukuba isinxibelelanisi - kukho uloyiko lokuba ubukhosi. Ke ukumkanikazi banqwenela ukuba nobulungisa, ekhumbula oko uncedo waba Cossacks kwi imfazwe baseTurkey, wacela abo banqwenela ukuba ndihlale enkampini ukuba ushiye kumsebenzi wamajoni ukubandakanyeka kwezolimo.

On ibhunga Cossack, ndaza ndaya Kalnyshevsky, kwagqitywa ukuphepha ukumelana wamagazi. Kutshanje, i Cossacks balwa ngaxhatha linye ne-Russian nxamnye nangezinto.

Esi sigqibo ke into yokuba isinxibelelanisi yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye abasekho.

I ngakumbi okumiselwe Kalnyshevsky

Kalnyshevskiy Pet Ivanovich, ogama engobomi Kugqityiwe umjikelo omtsha, yathinjwa wasiwa ngqo eSt Petersburg. Owayesakuba isikhulu yahlulelwe yi Military Collegium. Ngokweqa imiyalelo urhulumente athe wafunyanwa enetyala.

Ngoku mbali baye phambili inguqulo esi siphendu ukuba Kalnyshevsky wayefuna ukuba ube nguyise a isinxibelelanisi entsha ngokupheleleyo, apho Cossacks kwaye yonke uPetty Officer uya kunyaniseka kuphela kuye.

Kalnyshevsky, ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka engama-85 ubudala, wagwetyelwa ukufa. Potemkin ngokwakhe baxabana ukuba isohlwayo indawo Cossack isikhulu endala ukuya ekuthinjweni ubomi e Solovki monastery.

isigodlo Solovetsky

imizamo Potemkin baye amandla, noPetros Kalnyshevsky ataman yokugqibela wayezimisele ejele eziyingozi villains, elalise kwintsimi weemonki Solovetsky.

Njengoko isikhulu ingqalelo yingozi ingakumbi ukuba wonke Russian Empire lolwaphulo-mthetho, umnakekeli ilungelo yonxibelelwano kunye nembalelwano. Ngoko ke, Kalnyshevsky wayevalelwe nge-25 iminyaka.

Ngelixa amanye amabanjwa ze woonongendi bathe 2 wabasiki, Kalnyshevsky wamisela 4. Wanikwa ukuba ushiye indawo sokuvalelwa amaxesha 3 ngonyaka, ngomhla leeholide zonqulo enkulu: kumbi leNkosi yethu, iKrismesi neIsta. Ezi ntsuku khona unqulo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Potemkin kunye Catherine II usalinde kunyaka-85 ubudala kude. imixholo yawo ezazabelwe intywenka yemali, yena wada kugqalwa ibanjwa ebekekileyo. Koschevoi kunjalo neqhayiya zange ngexesha lakhe elubhacweni zange kwifayile lwezikhalazo okanye uKumkanikazi okanye iindlalifa zakhe. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba sempilweni entle, eyamehlelayo njenge Potemkin kunye uCatherine.

ukukhululwa

Petru Kalnyshevskomu ubeminyaka 110 ubudala xa umzukulwana ka uCatherine ugwebe ngelithi, makakhululwe. Sekunjalo Ataman bacelwa ukuba ukhethe indawo yokuhlala ngakumbi. Obudala ihloniphekile ezinjalo, indoda endala, nangona sele uyimfama, kodwa wahlala kwi ingqondo ecacileyo. Nje wavakalisa umbulelo wakhe inkululeko (note, hayi ngaphandle ithamo ethile isigqebelo) waza wacela kuye imvume kuphila kuloo ndawo abeza baqhele ukuba iminyaka engama-25 entolongweni.

Kalnyshevsky: on inkolo

Ukuba ataman, Kalnyshevsky kakhulu inkolo. Ngaphandle kwayo ndingasendihlala lendela abo wayephulaphule icebiso kwabakhokeli zokomoya.

Ngexesha lokudla kwakhe yena umqalisi nabakhi iicawa ezininzi. imali yakhe, iicawa ezininzi ziye namkela impahla entsha ecaweni.

Ukuba mbanjwa Solovki weemonki, yena amanqaku ukuhlonela uThixo wakhe nokuthobeka.

Emva kokuba nokukhululwa Kalnyshevsky waphila iminyaka emi-2. Ngowe-1803, wangcwatywa kufuphi yoTshintsho Cathedral, kuloo mmandla woonongendi. Ngelishwa, indawo yokungcwaba wesikhulu akhaliphileyo kwifomu yalo yantlandlolo watshabalala; ngokuba imi- 30-kwinkulungwane lokugqibela kwintsimi, apho wahlala Ataman, intolongo kwakhona liqale, kodwa eli xesha ilizwe elo qumrhu iintshaba.

Ekubeni indawo yokungcwaba isikhulu ehleli abantu entolongweni nje ezityalwe imiyezo, ingcwaba yadilizwa emhlabeni. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kuye kwafunyaniswa wambuyisela elaa litye ebonisa ukuba lo mhlaba wangcwatywa Kalnyshevsky.

Peter Kalnyshevsky: Ukumiselwa

inzala Nombulelo musa ukulibala yinkokeli enkulu. On ingcwaba lakhe wamisa lesikhumbuzo kunye nomfanekiso ka Lika Koshevogo.

November 13, 2015 Kalnyshevsky, ngenxa inyathelo kunye amalinge Ukrainian Church Orthodox phantsi Moscow labefundisi laye lamiselwa.

Ukususela ngoku, eSt Peter Kalnyshevsky laliphakamisa imini transfer lwakhe kwelinye izwe - 13 Novemba. Ngokutsho izithethe Orthodox, umthandazo eyodwa i icon kunye ebusweni saint sele ziphuhlisiwe.

Ngomhla olwandulela Ukumiselwa kwe Petra Kalnyshevskogo Metropolitan of Kiev kunye All Ukraine Onufry zithunyelwe ku Ubungcwele Bakhe uMphathi eMoscow All Russia KIRILL becela iintsikelelo ngenxa yokufuna izinto ezingcwele isikhulu enkulu ukudlulisela ekhayeni lakhe - in Zaporozhye.

Emva koko intshukumo liphuma 14 dioceses ababingeleli becula ezinkonzweni, apho uPetros lamiselwa Kalnyshevsky. Izinto ezingcwele saint, abefundisi isigqibo iya kuba kwi oyiNgcwele Virgin Protection Cathedral.