Ubungcali kwamaxwebhu yoyilo: indawo, isakhiwo, ndima imvume

zokwakha ekuphunyezweni kweeprojekthi ezininzi kufuneka enze uvavanyo lwe uxwebhu projekthi. Ziziphi iimpawu kule nkqubo? Kwezinye zezinto eziphilayo ubuchule echaphazelekayo inganikezelwa?

Uviwo yamaxwebhu yeprojekthi: Elilawulayo uMthetho

Lo mthombo uphambili umthetho olawula indlela apho kokuqala koviwo ukuba amacandelo baphume amaxwebhu yoyilo, - i-Planning Code of the Russian Federation Town. Ezizezi - Inqaku 49 Code.

Enye mthombo obalulekileyo umthetho esetyenziswa kubudlelwane zomthetho phantsi ingqalelo - RF Government Ndiwise № 145, esamkelwa 05.03.2007 ngonyaka. UMthetho kwinkqubo yoviwo ngabasemagunyeni zoluntu.

Lo mthombo elandelayo engundoqo yomthetho - wokuLawula malunga nokuqulunqwa kwenqaku amaxwebhu yoyilo, evunywe yi-Government of Russia № 87, nto leyo owamkelwa 16.02.2008 ngonyaka. Le Regulation umisela iimfuno ezisisiseko amaxwebhu olufanelekileyo malunga ngelo uviwo lukhangelwe lokuchaneka loyilo kunye nesiqulatho.

Ufana umthombo yomthetho - wokuLawula ubuchule karhulumente ukuba uRhulumente Russian inombolo Ndiwise 272 yaqaliswa, esamkelwa 31.03.2012. Ngenxa yoko, esi senzo olumisiweyo olawula indlela, le nkqubo kumbuzo, umbutho yabucala kunye ngobuchule kuyimfuneko.

Ubungcali kwamaxwebhu yoyilo lwenziwa xa sithetha ngale projekthi, iyakhiwa njengenxenye yento ukwakhiwa eyinkunzi. Ukuze kuqaliswe iiprojekthi hlobo kwakhona uphando zobunjineli yenziwe. Ethetha nabo bamkele ubuchwepheshe obufunekayo.

Inkqubo ekuthethwa, ngokungqinelana nomthetho yolawulo ukuze kwenziwa imibutho yoluntu okanye yabucala. Ngenketho yayo umphuhlisi okanye umthengi khetha kwiqumrhu enobuchule ekuqhutyweni kweemviwo amaxwebhu projekthi, kwakunye nezikhokelo kwizibonelelo eziyimfuneko kunye, xa kukho imfuneko, iziphumo yoyilo lobunjineli.

Xa uviwo akuyomfuneko ukwenza: izakhiwo eziphantsi-ukunyuka

Kuluncedo ingqalelo iimeko apho, ngokungqinelana ne elawula iimviwo umthetho amaxwebhu yoyilo akwenziwanga.

Ngokukodwa, kunokwenzeka, xa sithetha malunga nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala yaxobuka apho kukho na imigangatho ngaphezulu kwe-3, kwaye ukuba ebekumele yokulungisa usapho olunye. Oko kukuthi, kufuneka iqatshelwe indlu ibe yinto wokwakha ngamnye.

Koviwo, ukwenzela ukuphendula imibuzo, akwenziwanga ukuba iprojekthi lwenziwa ulwakhiwo izindlu zokuhlala, nayo leyo kuba kungekho ngaphezulu kwe-3 imigangatho, kwaye block kwi-mali engadlulanga-10, lo gama ngamnye kubo amele ahlale 1 usapho. Kulo mzekelo, isakhiwo kufuneka iindonga aqhelekileyo, kunye iminyango phakathi kweeyunithi ezikufutshane kufuneka babe khona. Ngaphezu koko, iyunithi nganye kufuneka ukufikelela kwinxenye eqhelekileyo. Kule meko sithetha ngayo indlu kwindlu masimu. Qaphela ukuba ngokuhambisana nomthetho Russian ingcali amaxwebhu uyilo ipropati kusengenziwa wenziwe ukuba zakhiwa kwi ngeendleko mali Russian.

Ukufeza le nkqubo echaphazelekayo, akwenziwanga, ukuba wakha isakhiwo zokuhlala ezinde akukho imigangatho ngaphezulu kwe-3, eziquka amacandelo seemodyuli xa imali angekho ngaphezulu kwe-4, nganye eneyazo amagumbi eziliqela kunye namagumbi ilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa luluntu . Kwelinye icala, zonke yokuhlala kufuneka ube yokungena eyahlukileyo, luvula phezu site yoluntu. iimviwo Ngokufanayo igqalwa ipropati ukuba wenziwe, ukuba isakhiwo yokwakhiwa ngeendleko mali Russian.

Xa uviwo kunokutshintshwa: izakhiwo zorhwebo

Le nkqubo ngawo singàphunyezwa ukuba iprojekthi phantsi ukwakhiwa yaxobuka izibonelelo eyinkunzi estate ubude hayi ngaphezulu kwe-2 kumgangatho indawo angekho ngaphezu kwama-1500 square metres. m, ayenzelwanga yokuhlala kwabemi kunye nezibonelelo ezinxulumene kumsebenzi yezoqoqosho. Examination nokuvunywa amaxwebhu eprojekti ezinjalo iimpawu, ke, iyenziwa, xa bathe zicalulwa njenge nezakhiwo eziyingozi, kunzima okanye ezizodwa.

inkqubo ebheka akukho eyenziwa ukuba iprojekthi phantsi esizimeleyo wokwakha izinto ukuphakama kwengqukuva hayi ngaphezulu imigangatho-2, ukuba indawo elipheleleyo hayi ngaphezulu kwe 1500 square metres. m and ezilungiselelwe umsebenzi yezoqoqosho ukuba lungiselelo of imimandla ephakathi kwayo okanye ebandakanya ukusetyenziswa ekhoyo ufuna - kwimida kwimimandla apho idatha ibekwe iipropati. Ukuba isakhiwo ihlelwa isixhobo esiyingozi, kunzima okanye unique - indlela yeemviwo amaxwebhu eprojekti inyanzelekile.

Akudingi inkqubo ekuthethwa, xa kufikwa ukwakhiwa amaqula, ezo abasaphuhlayo ngokuhambelana nomthetho ngokusetyenziswa ongaphantsi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuba nayiphi na kwezi sayithi esiye sayiqwalasela ngasentla, kukuba kwindawo ekhuselekileyo apho isibonelelo yombhobho, uviwo kuthethwa kufuneka kwenziwe.

Xa uviwo lwenziwa: Ezinye isiseko

inkqubo ebheka akukho eyenziwa ukuba ukwakhiwa kwezibonelelo eyinkunzi musani ifuna imvume umsebenzi wokwakha. Akwenziwa ngenkuthalo ngenxa yamacandelo ngamanye amaxwebhu yoyilo ukuba bakulungele ukuqalisa kuncendile ukulungisa izinto ezahlukeneyo - xa sithetha nokulungiswa kweendlela, eyenzelwe ukusetyenziswa jikelele thina.

Kwezinye iimeko, iziphumo ayikwazi mazingqinisiswe zobunjineli?

Njengoko ukulungiselela isaveyi zobunjineli - iziphumo ayinakuqinisekisa njengenxalenye yoviwo, ukuba umsebenzi ochaphazelekayo lwaqhutywa ngexesha ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo apho nkqubo echaphazelekayo akwenziwanga. Ngokufanayo - ubuchule uphando asifuneki, ukuba akulindelekanga ukuba ukufumana imvume yokwakha.

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele indlela apho, xa kusenziwa, wenziwe uviwo mbuzo. Ekubeni le nkqubo iya kwenziwa omabini namaqumrhu oluntu nawabucala, kubalulekile ukuhlola ingakumbi yokwahluka zayo zombini kunikwa ngumthetho. Masiqalise ngokujonga iimpawu iimviwo kukarhulumente. Kuliwa, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, ngokusekelwe kwi-Regulation, owamkelwa yi RF Government Ndiwise № 145.

iimviwo State of amaxwebhu eprojekti: ukuqinisekiswa yokuqala yamaxwebhu

Inyathelo lokuqala kwisakhelo wokuvelelwa karhulumente le amaxwebhu eprojekti - kukuthi, enyanisweni, itsheki owandulelayo imithombo ezinikezelwe yinkampani yokwakha kweli ziko ogunyazisiweyo likarhulumente. Le nkqubo yenziwa zingekapheli iintsuku ezi-3 zomsebenzi. Ukuba Ukubunjwa amaxwebhu eprojekti busiwa uviwo samkelwe, inkampani wathumela isivumelwano ngokuphumeza amanyathelo phantsi ingqalelo. Ukuba amaxwebhu onke Kulungile, inkampani yokwakha wathumela ukusilela kufanelekile.

uviwo State: oko amaxwebhu zifuneka?

Ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni, ukuba kunini na xesha iqumrhu banqwenela ukuba ahlole ngqo kuyilo nobunjineli amaxwebhu, bakha uluhlu ethile kwimithombo ezibonelelwa yi umzimba karhulumente abanobuchule. Umzekelo, ukuba inkampani efuna ukwenza uviwo zombini iindidi kwamaxwebhu ngexesha elinye, kufuneka zingeniswe kwi kumbutho uchwepheshe:

- ingxelo ngendlela emiselweyo;

- Iikopi zamaxwebhu asemthethweni;

- ikopi yocwangciso lweedolophu;

- enyanisweni, amaxwebhu projekthi;

- ikopi lomsebenzi uphuhliso projekthi;

- amaxwebhu ebonisa iziphumo zomsebenzi zobunjineli, kwakunye nekopi lomsebenzi kwihambo yabo.

iimviwo State

Emva kokuba kwenziwe imvume kwangaphambili amaxwebhu eprojekti, ngokuxhomekeka iimviwo, olwenziwa ngqo ngenkqubo mbuzo. ukuhlolwa State lwamaxwebhu zokwakha - inkonzo ihlawulwe. Ngoko ke, ngaxeshanye ngokutyikitya isivumelwano kunye nezakhiwo karhulumente, leyo liqhuba iimviwo, etshintsha iziko ukuze kuxhamle iindleko lombutho kwekhontrakthi. Xa iingcali ziqala ukuba ahlole amaxwebhu.

Le nkqubo oluqhutywa ixesha elingekho ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-3. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba ipropati asisiso kudidi unique, uviwo kufuneka ingadluli kwiintsuku ezingama-45. Zeziphi bokuqonda abaninzi abadumileyo inkqubo umbuzo?

Okokuqala, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba amacandelo uluhlu lwe amaxwebhu eprojekti ngenxa abapasa uviwo ukuze zivavanyelwe iimpazamo kungakhokelela kwanyanzeliswa izinqumo ziingcali, kwaye xa kukho imfuneko - alungiswe. Ngaphezu koko, olu khetho luqhele kuchaziwe yesivumelwano phakathi esiqinileyo zokwakha kunye nombutho nengcali. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba amaxwebhu uyilo okanye imithombo, nto leyo ibonisa ulwazi malunga neziphumo zomsebenzi zobunjineli, wafumana iziphene ngenxa apho kunokuba nzima ukuvavanya kwimithombo efanelekileyo, iingcali ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka wazise inkampani yokwakha uze ucele ukuphelisa iziphene. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixesha apho ikhampani kufuneka bafunde ukuba amanye amacandelo esi amaxwebhu eprojekti eziyimfuneko iimviwo ngeenjongo kokunikela ngumthombo yovavanyo ezithembekileyo yintoni na efunekayo ukulungiswa, elingadlulanga kwiintsuku ezingama-10 ukusuka isaziso ziingcali.

Xa usebenza ngesakhono amaxwebhu eprojekti ekuhlalutyeni arhente yoluntu angacela ukusuka iqumrhu loshishino ukunika amaxwebhu ezongezelelweyo, izibalo, izisombululo zeteknoloji ezahlukeneyo.

Isiphumo yoviwo kukarhulumente

Ngokutsho iziphumo leengcali oyile uluvo entle okanye embi iingcaphephe kwamaziko karhulumente afanelekileyo malunga ekulandeleni lamaxwebhu enikwa yinkampani yokwakha esekwe iimfuno ezahlukeneyo ummiselo. Kulo mzekelo, ibanga efanayo nawo amaxwebhu zobunjineli. Kuphela phantsi komqathango ukuba onke amacandelo azo amaxwebhu seprojekthi iziko othengela kuyo uviwo okanye, umzekelo, iziko ofisi, wegqitha uvavanyo, ke kunokuthiwa namaxwebhu projekthi. Iziphumo abanobuchule amaqumrhu karhulumente yeengcali na umngeni. Oku kufuna isigqibo senkundla. Ubungcali AC candelo loxwebhu yoyilo, apho sithetha izigqibo zokwakha kufuneka ingakhethi cala, kodwa ukuba oku akunjalo, iziko angaqalisa mbambano enkundleni. Iziphumo ingcali zidla sibhalwe kwimibhalo eziliqela.

ubuchule State of amaxwebhu eprojekti: i bokuqonda

Ukuba nkqu ngokwesiseko umsebenzi neengcali ze-arhente zikarhulumente abanobuchule evunywe yi onke amacandelo e-adyumenti amacandelo iimviwo karhulumente le amaxwebhu eprojekti inokuba zaneleyo zokwenza iimfuno iqumrhu loshishino, evela ukuphunyezwa kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwimveliso. Kulo mzekelo, inkampani yokwakha isicelo kwiqumrhu abucala, eba yobuchule ekuqhubeni uviwo karhulumente yokwakha kunye namaxwebhu lobunjineli. Ziziphi iingenelo eziphambili ekusingatheni abasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo?

Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba uvavanyo wokuzimela inkampani yabucala kwamaxwebhu yeprojekthi ngokuqhelekileyo luqhutywa ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kwimeko isibheno kwi-arhente karhulumente abanobuchule. Oku kubangelwa, umzekelo, ubukho kukho inani elikhulu iingcali abaye izifundo eziyimfuneko ukuze enze uviwo imeko inkampani echaphazelekayo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, isibheno imibutho ezikhethekileyo ejongene neemviwo non-karhulumente lwamaxwebhu zokwakha, atshiphu, ekubeni ezi mveliso banelungelo ukubeka amaxabiso iinkonzo zabo ngaphandle Ngokubhekiselele uluhlu lweerhafu lubekwe kwinqanaba mthetho.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa isicelo inkampani yabucala Akukhathaliseki apho kwimimandla ezithile ngokuqinileyo yokwakha ebhalisiweyo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba yokucima okusemthethweni kwaye kakhulu ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokusombulula iingxaki ezijongene kwinkampani lokwakha.

ubuchule State of amaxwebhu yoyilo kwiimeko ezininzi wenziwe ngokukhawuleza ngenxa ixesha layo, njengoko kunjalo amaxabiso hayi ezimiselwe ngumthetho - ukuba ezisisigxina kwisivumelwano. Ngokusekelwe izakhono lombutho, abasebenzi, iingcali, amagama kuxoxwe ngazo, kwaye isenokuba yeyona ezikhawulezayo kwiimeko ezininzi.

Ekuqhubeni uviwo non-karhulumente lwamaxwebhu zokwakha kufuneka ikhatshwe obukhulu kakhulu intsebenziswano phakathi ngumthengi kunye nayiphi na imiba ephathelele imisebenzi eyabelwe kwinkampani lokwakha. Iingcali umbutho ingcali kulo mzekelo aba imimiselo eliqingqiweyo, nto leyo kakhulu ukumisela indlela, yona, kufuneka umsebenzi izakhiwo zikarhulumente.

Iinkonzo kwimibutho yabucala angamelwa kuluhlu ebanzi ngaphezu urhulumente njengenxalenye yoviwo amaxwebhu zokwakha. Umzekelo, iingcali ze-mveliso asimsebenzi nje bakhombe ezifunyanwa kumaxwebhu owanikiweyo nguMthengi, iintsilelo, kodwa ikwabonelela umxumi iingcebiso olongezelelweyo ngalo mbandela yamaziko sasilungiswa imithombo ezithile.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba iimviwo non-imo amacandelo amaxwebhu eprojekti kwiimeko ezininzi olungaphambi kwicala elandelayo imithombo wafundela ziingcali zabucala, sele kumaziko karhulumente - xa kuyimfuneko ngokwembono iimfuno ukuze kuphunyezwe yeprojekthi ethile wokwakha.