Izithembiso Eastern - a ... malformations bekhubazekile. Valvular Heart Disease

Bekhubazekile - yintoni na le nto? Impendulo yalo mbuzo, uya kufunda evela manqaku thaca. Ukongeza, siza kukuxelela into iintlobo iziphene ezikhoyo, kutheni ukuphuhlisa, njalo-njalo.

ulwazi jikelele abaneziphene

Usekela - uphuhliso okungaqhelekanga, ngokunjalo nokuqokelela naluphi na utyeshelo ukusuka yesiqhelo (standard) isakhiwo umzimba womntu ezithi zenzeke ngexesha uphuhliso ezingekazalwa (ngaphantsi Kukudandatheka).

Ngokuqhelekileyo, utshintsho ezinjalo akhiwa phantsi kwempembelelo yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle nezangaphakathi (umz, ukuphazamiseka kwamadlala, imfuza, iiseli lwegciwane emncinane, usuleleko wentsholongwane egazini, ionizing imitha, ioksijini njalo njalo.). Ekubeni Kwisiqingatha sesibini zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, iingcali baqalisa ukubona ukukhawulezisa ebalulekileyo utshintsho zophendlo lwezifo. Uninzi kwasekuzalweni ukwasuleleka ngabantu abahlala kumazwe.

kusenokwenzeka ukuba izizathu

Ngowe-40-60% abantu abazi oonobangela ezinxaxhileyo lwe data. izigulane Loo gama, leyo iyalila "manqapha ozalwe." Eli binzana libhekisela kukuvela oonobangela ngengozi okanye ayaziwa, kwakunye kwanciphisa ingozi kwakhona isenzeko kwisizukulwana elizayo.

Kuba 20-25% yabo yokuzalwa enziwa "multi-factor" ebangela, oko intsebenziswano oluntsonkothileyo ziziphene zemvelo (idla encinane) okanye ubungozi yokusingqongileyo. 10-13% mgceni zinxulumene kuphela sesichengeni lokusingqongileyo. Kwaye 12-25% kuphela iziphene kuphela uphuhliso yezofuzo ye unobangela.

Ngenxa yoko, siye sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha kutheni abantu abathile malformations bekhubazekile.

teratogen

Isenzo yezi meko ixhomekeke idosi. Iiyantlukwano imiphumela eteratogenic kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene pathways ubuchule iimpawu sokufunxa kwento ndzulu ngumkhaya kwaye wonke umzimba.

Imiba ethandwa kakhulu futhi wafunda eteratogenic

Malformation amaninzi kubonwa abo kuxhomekeke mpembelelo ilandelayo:

• Izifo ezosulelayo adluleyo ukusuka kumama isiya kusana olungekazalwa. A nezahlukahlukeneyo izifo wentsholongwane egazini ezifana kugqithiselwa ngexesha ukuba nomntwana njengoko onoqwilikana, rubella okanye inklyuzionnaya cytomegaly, inokuba negalelo kakuhle ukuya siphene yophuhliso.
• Utywala. Okubaluleke kakhulu ke butywala ngabazali, okanye mandithi, unina wakhe. Ukusela utywala ngethuba lokukhulelwa kunokusenza foetal alcohol syndrome.
• Ionizing radiation. Ukwazi izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo radioactive, ngokunjalo-X ray unokuba nefuthe elibi izixhobo yemfuza. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwimitha (ionizing) kwaye kunempembelelo ityhefu. Ukuba lo Inyaniso unobangela ezininzi okungahambi bekhubazekile.
• Imithi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho enjalo amayeza eya kuye kwaqatshelwa ekhuselekileyo ngokupheleleyo ndingekazalwa, ingakumbi ngexesha trimesters ezimbini zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
• Nicotine. Batshaye oomama elizayo (ngexesha lokukhulelwa) kungaba lula kungakhokelela ekubeni umntwana iza kuwa emva kuphuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni.
• ezikweletini Nutrientnye. Ukungabikho kwenani kwezondlo (isi-ayodini, Myo-inositol, folate njalo njalo.) Ngaba nobangela bungqinelwa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo azalwa kunye iziphene uvaleke.

Qwalasela le anomaly exhaphakileyo isivingco intliziyo siphene ngokubanzi.

ngenhliziyo ukukhubazeka

isifo sentliziyo utshintsho vana pathologic, akukho iimpahla ezinkulu thoracic, iindonga ngentliziyo, nto leyo ukuphazamisa egazini movement. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba nokuphambuka okunjalo ukuba mhlawumbi okufunyanwa okanye bekhubazekile.

Amaninzi, ukonakala semigudu intliziyo zenzeka ngenxa kakhulu omzimba amabutho omzimba womntu kunye angena kuwo iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Unyango lwe ukuphambuka kuthetha kokutshintsha zendalo, kodwa kwemithambo ezonakeleyo lokwenziwa intsumpa.

Xa kuqulunqwa isici

Le meko yezifo (nayiphi na uhlobo) Amaxesha amaninzi kwasekwa ngexesha osandul morphogenesis (oko kukuthi, iiveki 3-10). Le nyaniso kukuba ngenxa yokuba ngelo xesha, badlula iinkqubo yokuzala, ukwamkela iyantlukwano, ukufuduka kunye ukufa kweeseli. La kwenzeka fluid, intracellular, mezhorgannom, extracellular, organ kunye inyama kumanqanaba Embi.

iintlobo ezikhoyo

Bekhubazekile - na udidi ebanzi, equka iimeko ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ukusuka mgaqweni minor ngokwasemzimbeni (umzekelo, abamenzelayo ezinkulu, azalwa, njl ..) Ukuze yanyhashwa iinkqubo ngamnye (umzekelo, yentliziyo nokufakelwa iintsilelo imilenze, njalo njalo.). Kukho kwakhona ukungaqheleki indibanisela ezichaphazela iindawo eziliqela omzimba ngaxeshanye. Iziphene nethe ingqalelo bekhubazekile.

Xa yezonyango, kukho iindidi ezintathu ezisisiseko yokuzalwa:

• iimpazamo ezizalwa emzimbeni;
• anomaly ngokomzimba bekhubazekile;
• nabanye abaneziphene.

esasidla ingenzeka

izifundo zexesha elide mgceni iziphene lubonise ukuba omnye okanye enye malformation yosana olungekazalwa ubonakala qho othile, ngokuxhomekeke ngesondo umntwana. Umzekelo, yokumisa clavate kunye stenosis pyloric zixhaphake kakhulu ngamakhwenkwe, yaye hip naso dislocation - emantombazaneni.

Phakathi kwabo abantwana bazalwa mnye zezintso, kunye nabameli ngakumbi oyindoda womelele. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi lwezi mgaqweni, njengoko inani elingaphaya iimbambo, amazinyo, omqolo kunye namanye amalungu, zifumaneka phakathi amantombazana kuzalwa.

Uluhlu malformations

Namhlanje, kukho iziphene ezininzi. Amaninzi ukuba zafunyanwa ngexesha uphando umama ultrasound yakhe. Ukuba anomaly lilikhulu ngokwaneleyo, lo mfazi wathi ukuphelisa ukukhulelwa. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu yokuba umntwana oya kuzalwa bonke ubomi bakhe esichengeni, yaye bazive bephantsi (ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo angahlangani).

Makhe sihlolisise kunye ngawaphi malformations:

• siphene aortic;
• atresia of the jejunum ;
• agenesis kwemiphunga;
• acrania;
• agenesis sezintso mazwe;
• anencephaly;
• dislocation azalwa kasikrobana;
• agenesis sezintso unilateral;
• atresia esophageal;
• cloaca naso;
• albino;
• Association VACTERL;
• aplasia kwemiphunga;
• inkalakahla lips;
• atresia anal;
• stop clavate;
• syndrome Down kaThixo ;
• cretinism naso;
• megacolon naso;
• yesifo senhliziyo;
• hydrocephalus;
• Ithemba;
• hypoplasia kwemiphunga;
• diverticulum esophageal;
• syndactyly;
• polysomes yi X-chromosome;
• diverticulum Meckel kaThixo;
• Patau syndrome ;
• lip lips;
• polysolid;
• syndrome Klinefelter kaThixo;
• cryptorchidism;
• malformations of esini;
• kokukhubazeka;
• syndrome Klippel-Feil;
• megacolon;
• liqu du ingxoxo;
• microcephaly;
• syndrome Turner lowo;
• hypoplasia kwe yifemur kunye lesiquluba amathambo;
• ngenxa yotywala;
• omphalocele;
• Ithemba spinal;
• fibrodisplations;
• stenosis pyloric;
• polydactyly;
• syndrome Edwards ;
• synophtalmia;
• exencephalocele;
• exstrophy lwesinye;
• epispadias;
• ectrodactyly.

Ngamafuphi

Njengoko ubona, kukho into eninzi yokuzalwa ukuba kwenzeka kwimveku kuphuhliso Esibelekweni. Ukunqanda kukuvela ezingaqhelekanga ezifana abazali umntwana wabo kwixesha elizayo kufuneka ukunqanda ukungakhuseleki zanegalelo nemfundo. Ngoko ke, oomama elizayo kunye nooyise, kucetyiswa ukuba bayeke ukusela utywala iinyanga 6-9 phambi ekhulelwa, kwaye angasebenzisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa (kwabasetyhini). Ukongeza, kufuneka uyeke ukutshaya, ukuphepha iindawo apho kubakho radiation ionizing, musa uthathe iziyobisi, hayi emiselwe ngugqirha kaninzi ukuba abe ngaphandle ndiyithabathe yonke iivithamini eziyimfuneko kunye neetyuwa.