Bala Bobrinsky, nyana ka-Catherine 2: biography. Kwefama Bala Bobrinsky Bogoroditsk

Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, Catherine 2 - ke bumntwisiwe absolutism eRashiya. Kodwa asimele silibale ukuba kwibhodi yalo ilizwe lethu liye waba ngomnye wabadlali zibalulekileyo kwi kwezopolitiko ihlabathi waza waqalisa ukwenza amanyathelo okuqala uphuhliso loshishino kunye noshishino. Ngoko ke, ukuba eCrimea Russian iye yafakwa, le nguqulelo ukuba awuyitshintshanga isakhiwo solawulo karhulumente sangaphakathi, kwakunye utshintsho abaninzi kuqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi lobuqu uKumkanikazi yabangela kunye nenzala kungekho ngaphantsi ebangela. Ngokukodwa, ngawo onke amaxesha xa le ndoda ikulo esitratweni kwakukho iqela lemibuzo malunga kutheni Bala Bobrinsky, nyana ka-Catherine 2, ngozalwe ngaphandle komtshato, wakhula kude enkundleni.

UGrigory Orlov

Ibali malunga ngubani i Earl Bobrinsky, nyana ka-Catherine 2, ungakwazi ukuqala ngaphandle ukukhankanywa kayise - UGrigory Orlov. Oku, ngoko intokazi kwaye inomtsalane kakhulu, igosa Wabonakala kwinkundla Elizabeth-1 ngo-1760 yaye ngoko nangoko wazuza igama Don Juan. Kungekudala, bathabatheka umfazi Tsesarevicha Petra Fedorovicha - Catherine, ngubani likwazile ukuphumeza obalulekileyo lover indawo Office eziphambili zokudubula kaNondyebo kunye iinqaba. A indima ebalulekileyo kubomi elizayo abaselula olinene uKumkanikazi baqalisa ukudlala emva kokufa Elizabeth 1. Ke kaloku UCatherine weza etroneni, Orlov waba ozithandayo-onamandla onke kwaye wenze zonke uzuko ibalaseleyo.

unyana ongumgqakhwe

Relationship Orlov kunye inkosazana isithsaba bengazange kuyimfihlo nabani na, ngaphandle umyeni wakhe - emva umbusi etroneni - umfazi yomazalelela bafuduselwe kwezinye ekupheleni yasebhotwe, yaye akazange aye. Ngoko Catherine ifihlwe ngenyameko ukukhulelwa kwakhe, ukuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba kudlula njengoko "esemthethweni". Ngethamsanqa, yonke into ihamba kakuhle, kuba xa April 11, 1762 uKumkanikazi waba yabasebenzi, valet Basil Shkurin umlilo endlwini yakhe, noPetros Fedorovich kunye ngamagosa babaleka ukubukela umlilo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuzalwa inkwenkwe eyaziwa kuphela esiphelweni ezimbalwa Catherine, yaye wakwazi ukuphepha ngehlazo kukaFeti eMonastri.

Bala Bobrinsky, nyana ka-Catherine 2: kwiminyaka yokuqala

Umntwana ozelwe imfihlelo * uKhesare kunye nenkundla, abazali ogama Alexei kwaye ukuba akuyishiyi Winter Palace akukho ndlela, wanika valet usapho Shkurina, sigunyazisa ukuba umntwana unyana wakhe. Kwiinyanga ezimbini emva kwezi ziganeko zenzeka lika edumileyo, owenza unina lakowabo Alyosha inkosikazi encinane urhulumente omkhulu, yaye uyise - enye aziingangamsha zinamandla yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Ke zonke ezi ziganeko akukho nafuthe bayahlelwa umntwana, ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka eli-12 ubudala, yena wakhulela nemiqathango efanayo njengoko nabanye abantwana sibini Shkurin. Nangona ndimele ndithi ukuba valet i intsapho ubuhlwempu, kwaye ngo-1770, noonyana bakhe, kunye Alexei, ngendleko yoluntu wathunywa ukuba bafunde Leipzig. Emva kokuphumelela, yena wabuyela eRashiya, yaye ngokwemiyalelo uKumkanikazi waqalisa ngesidima Alekseem wakhe Grigorevichem Bobrinskim.

Imvelaphi yegama

indoda Modern sinokuhlala baxakwe kutheni uyise onamandla onke asikwazanga ukubona umntwana yomfazi amthandayo? Noko ke, yintoni eyenzekayo unyana ongumgqakhwe ka-Catherine 2, ngokuba abantu wabanumzana, owayephila ngenkulungwane ye-18, sasingakwazi ukuze. Ngokukodwa, unina yobukumkani yathengwa kuye elalini Spassky, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba, Bobriki ibekwe kwiphondo Epifanskie County Tula, wamxelela ukuba ayinike igama igama welifa. Ukususela ngalo mzuzu kuthetha ukugcina umfana kwafuneka ukuba ungahambi ukusuka kaNondyebo kaRhulumente, kodwa iindleko yengeniso ngamakhoboka abo. Ngoko ke yasekwa kwilifa, namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba iigrafu Manor Bobrinskys.

Ubomi unyana ongumgqakhwe ka-Catherine 2, kude ebukumkanini Paul 1

Emva kokufumana imfundo yamabanga phesheya, Alexei Bobrinsky ekwavunyelwana isiwe yeCadet lweSizwe, ukusuka apho waphumelela ngowe-1782 kunye imbasa yegolide. Emva koko, lo mfana abhalisela umkhosi elikwisikhundla uLieutenant. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba lithweswe umsebenzi wakhe, yena, kunye nabanye abaphumelela waziwayo yeziko lemfundo wathi sele ithunyelwe uhambo olude ukuya kwizixeko eRashiya koko Europe. Ekupheleni uhambo waba ukuba umfana eParis wagqiba ukuba ahlale khona, ukuphila ubomi lasendle playboys sisityebi. Emva adventures ezahlukeneyo, amarhe leyo wamqumbisa UCatherine 2, ikamva Count Alexei Bobrinsky wabonakala eRashiya kuphela ebusika 1788. Lo mama zange afune ukumbona waza wamxelela ukuba aye ngqo ukusuka Riga ukuba uku, apho wayeza kuba wesibini okanye umthetheli. Kodwa umsebenzi zomkhosi awuzange ukhalaze kwindodana leyo, yaye ngowe-1790 wabhala ingxelo ukuba awuyeke, leyo sivunyiwe eso. Emva kwexesha elithile, ikamva Earl Bobrinsky (unyana ka-Catherine 2) kuthengwa, kunye imvume mba, Castle Ober-Palen kunye watshata Anna Ungern-Sternberg. Emva komtshato, esi sibini watyelela komkhulu, yaye ngobubele uKumkanikazi, lowo wabuza lo dade ukuba wayengoyiki ukutshata umntu, imicimbi uthando leyo amenza isidima somntu eli nenekazi? Noko ke, uCatherine 2 akazange mema abaselula kuhlala enkundleni. Ngoko Alex Bobrinsky umva nomfazi wakhe Ober-Palen waza wahlala apho de wasweleka ngunina. Emva koko ndandingacingi ukuba utshintsho silindele kuye kwixesha elizayo.

Isabelo kwesihloko Count Alekseyu Bobrinskomu

Phantse nangoko emva umbusi ukuba ezihlangwini itrone UCatherine 2 wakhumbula kwisiqingatha-mzalwana. Into yokuba uPawulos 1 kungekho sizathu ukuba nomona okanye nobutshaba kwinzala ongumgqakhwe, kuba akekho okanye wayengazange omnye eyaziwa uthando lukamama. Wamcela ukuba eSt Petersburg, kwaye ileta wathi Aleksey Grigorevich Bobrinsky unako ukuza elikomkhulu ukususela ngoku ukuya ngalo naliphi na ixesha akuthandileyo. Ukongeza, i-odolo ombuso yayakhiwe isidima ubalo ngayo. Ngenxa yoko, notorious Russian abezopolitiko, iinjengele, mveliso kunye ababhali Bobrinsky - iigrafu, wamkela isihloko isihlobo sakhe - uMlawuli Paul 1.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

1 UPawulos Kwakhona ndagqiba kwelokuba abuyele Bobrinsky isabelo sayo abangabo ilifa Orlov waza wamnika nendlu kayise kunye commandery Petersburg kwisithili Gdov. Ngaphezu koko, ngomhla ekumisweni kwayo, umlawuli ngokobuqu kukhuthazwa ukuba jikelele enkulu. Kodwa Bala Bobrinsky, ifoto kwi lo mfanekiso leyo ibonisa umfuziselo omandla Catherine 2, akazange ayithande emkhosini. Ngoko ke, emva konyaka wacelwa ukuba umhlala waza wagqiba ekubeni athabathe ngumlimi. Ukususela ngoko, kwilifa Count Bobrinsky Bogoroditsk waba ngomnye kakhulu nempumelelo kwaye engumzekelo eRashiya. Ukongeza, umhlala uMajor-Jikelele babandakanyeka mineralogy kunye ngeenkwenkwezi, wazakhela ipomakazi lendlu e Observatory yayo lwenqila amancinci.

Bobrinsky (grafu)

Ngokusebenzisa unyana ongumgqakhwe ka Count Orlova n 2 waba abazukulwana ezine, sifanele phakathi apho ukukhankanywa into Aleksey Alekseevich Bobrinsky wenza eengcali abadumileyo kwicandelo lezolimo kwaye ngumseki yemveliso woshishino sugar beet eRashiya. Akukho idume kangako ukuba umninawa wakhe - Vasily, owayengomnye ngowokuqala ukuba angene iSouthern Society of the Decembrists. Xa kwenzeka happy ngosuku okwenzekileyo eSt Petersburg Disemba mvukelo, waba nentsapho yakhe eParis, yaye, ke ngoko, ayizange wabanjwa. Ekubuyeni kwakhe eRashiya, yena wayexakekile imisebenzi estestvoispytatelskoy kunye nomsebenzi uthando, ingakumbi kummandla yemfundo karhulumente.

Bobrinskys Manor namhlanje

Ngowe-1933, kwilifa uhlobo Count odumileyo ngayo aphenduke izakhiwo museum, leyo yenye ezinomtsalane ezingundoqo kummandla Tula. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe kakhulu - Ibhotwe sobalo Bobrinskys, nokuchaza komyuziyam lwazi, ingcwaba kwiinsapho, iziko kunye ipaki eqaqambileyo, yaphuhliswa ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha. Yalondolozwa ebandleni, wakha kwiminyaka 1774-1778 kwi kwilifa.

Bogoroditsk Museum Collection

Imisebenzi yobugcisa kunye nokunqaba ezahlukeneyo abanomdla nokuba umnini kwilifa yokuqala. Ngoko ke, yaye yingqokelela etheza Bala Bobrinsky (unyana ka-Catherine 2), yaye waba sisiseko kwiimali zakhiwo myuziyam in Bogoroditsk. Namhlanje ke zibandakanya izinto amawaka aliqela. Phakathi kakhulu zexabiso kuvela oku kulandelayo:

• ukuqokelelwa ngezidalwa zamandulo yezilwanyana amathambo i Pleistocene elithile;
• iqhubeka zakudala ezifana njengelitye nasezierheni yeBronzi Age;
• editions nobomi imisebenzi K. E. Tsiolkovskogo;
• izinto zabo yamalungu Bobrinskys uhlobo.

Bobrinskys Palace

Abakhenkethi abatyelela ummandla Tula, qiniseka ukuba isiphakamiso kutyelela e Bogoroditsk. Ekubeni kukho ibhotwe kunye park lomculo kukudala ngumzobi owaziwayo I. E. Starova kunye umzekelo omhle izakhiwo ekupheleni kwexesha uCatherine kaThixo. Namhlanje kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba Count Bobrinsky Bogoroditsk bhotwe eyonakeleyo ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II - nje inxalenye iindonga bahlala kuyo. Ngenxa yemisebenzi ukubuyiselwa olubanzi olwenziwa phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1970, esi sakhiwo bokwakha esihle sele awukabuyi, yaye ngaphakathi ziye ukusungulwa sisinde imizobo kunye nababukeli. Hi ndlela leyi, bambalwa siyazi ukuba ilifa Count Bobrinskys wayesaziwa kakuhle Lvu Tolstomu, ohlala Yasnaya Polyana kufuphi kwezi ndawo. Hi ndlela leyi, oko wachaza oko "Anna Karenina" njengoko kwilifa Alekseya Vronskogo. Kwaye Bala Bobrinsky Museum Bogoroditsk yathatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano All-Russian "7 Wonders of Russia", nto leyo lwaqhutywa ngo-2007-2008. Kwaye ke semi-finals!

Ukuhamba phezu kummandla Tula, qiniseka ukuba ukuzama ukutyelela Count Bobrinsky Museum, isakhiwo sakhe a gem lokwenyaniso bokwakha, usoloko bayinqule kubakhenkethi musa ukulindela ukubona ngobungangamela hlobo kweli phondo.