Ideal Gas Pressure

Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe yintoni na yengcinezelo yegesi efanelekileyo, kufuneka ukucacisa ikhontenti ngokwalo "igesi efanelekileyo" ingqiqo. A Ingcamango oku ubonakalise ndlela zemathematika, ifomula iphela Kuthathwa ukuba ukwabiwa amandla kunye entshukumo namandla ezi molekyuli lokunxibelelana kangangokuba amandla enokwenzeka nokungahoywa. intsingiselo Chemico-emzimbeni kukuba luthambe elililo kulindeleke ukuba emithanjeni, nto leyo igesi, ngaphezu koko, uliqonda okungenamsebenzi imikhosi ixabiso Umtsalane molecule pulses ibetha udonga inqanawa yaye omnye komnye.

Loo ukuqonda undoqo yegesi efanelekileyo ngokubanzi kakhulu kusetyenziswa ekusombululeni ingxaki obizwa igesi.

Ngengqiqo elibonakalayo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yerhasi efanelekileyo: Classic, ogama iipropati zimiselwa yimithetho ubucukubhede bamandulo umyinge, uhlobo ethatyathwe nemigaqo ubucukubhede quantum.

Eyokuqala wazisa equation jikelele yamachiza French omkhulu Benua Klapeyron. uye waba kunye nezibonelelo ezisisiseko imfundiso igesi efanelekileyo, ezenza isiseko zonke iingcamango mihla zokufunda iigesi ezahlukeneyo.

Isikhundla eqala le mfundiso kuphothulwe ukuba xi lixabiso le yegesi efanelekileyo zemvelo rhoqo linear of umthamo wayo ngokuxhomekeke lobushushu. Kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ezinye sokungalindelekanga okucingelwayo:

- netoti i zegesi elifanelekileyo ezincinane ndiyityeshele ixabiso layo sokwamkela;

- sazi phakathi molekyuli badluliselwe kuphela ngexesha kwezigaba, ngaloo ndlela, singakwazi nokungahoywa kunye nomkhosi yomtsalane phakathi kwabo;

- inani lilonke Amandla zegesi uyavunywa a rhoqo xa engekho ubushushu kunye nomsebenzi owenziwa kwi igesi. Kulo mzekelo, uxinzelelo igesi efanelekileyo ixhomekeke sum of magnitudes ukubetha eziqala kwi ingozi kunye molecule iindonga isitya.

Ngexesha ubukho iimfundiso izazinzulu ezininzi benza nasekufundweni ubume bendalo kunye lwemichiza gesi, yaye isondela abaninzi kubo aba efanayo. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni ukuba iingcamango ebonakalayo cinga ukuhlelwa yegesi efanelekileyo ngokwemiqathango yemithetho zibekwa ngokusekelwe kuphando ukuba physics - igesi Fermi, igesi bose, kunye nabanye. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokwale ndlela ingqalelo igesi elingana ngaxeshanye ukwanelisa imithetho Boyle kunye nomthetho Gay-Lussac esithi: PV = Bt, apho p - uxinzelelo, T - lobushushu epheleleyo. Ifomula inika Mendeleev phezu ingcamango ende iimpawu: PV = m / M x RT, leyo alathelwe: R - njalo negesi, M - ubunzima izinyo, m - ubunzima.

Enye yokuqala i waphuhliswa kwaye iimfundiso iipropati igesi inkcazelo iimpawu zombini uxinzelelo igesi efanelekileyo. Kodwa le mfundiso kwase neentsilelo ezithile ezinxulumene indlela macala kwi sifundo. Ngoko ke, nkqu umlinganiso isixa xi hi nga bana phandle yoMgaqo amaxabiso angumndilili amandla agciniweyo nganye kwezi molekyuli ngamnye, kwakunye uyazikhomba ezo molecule e isitya. Ngoko ke, i parameter ethile ngakumbi apho ukusetyenziswa nako ukusombulula le ngxaki. Ubushushu kuye kwandululwa njenge yemvelo ninzi. Le ubungakanani scalar kwi obizwa kunika uluvo apho urhulumente wobushushu kwenkqubo nendlela amandla ayo. Kodwa imfundiso yeegesi ubushushu kubalulekile nendlela ezinto i parameter entshukumo, kuba lichaza indlela aziphatha ngayo zegesi kwi ngesitya, kwaye kubonisa phezulu amandla entshukumo. Eli xabiso kuthiwa Boltzmann njalo.

Wokubala yokukhangela xi ukuba angene ukuntsonkotha wezibalo ephakamileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba artificially kungenisa ezinye simplifications:

- uhlobo iimolekyuli amelwe ngohlobo sphere;

- umgama phakathi molekyuli lokwandlala ngamabona elikhulu, isenzo kuphela yomkhosi yomtsalane;

- le Velocity le molekyuli ewamisela izinga alinganiswe;

- phambi udonga isikepe elastic ngokupheleleyo.

Kule esinokuzifumana indlela apho uxinzelelo igesi efanelekileyo kuya kuba QUOTIENT kwawo amandla sokubambela nkqo eludongeni isitya, phezu kobuso apho la mandla izenzo: p = F / S.

Kwezo meko, xa lula wethu akenzi ukuba ukutshintsha indlela uxinzelelo igesi efanelekileyo kule formula elula kuya kufuneka ukuba ufake amaxabiso ezongezelelweyo.