Iperoksayidi benqanda: Iklasi ingozi ifomula

Hydrogen benqanda okanye hydrocyanic ekuthiwa hydrocyanic acid. Kuyinto enemibala, zingazinzanga kakhulu kwaye mobile, ezinokutsha kakhulu, iba livumba esasenza neeamangile. Kuyinto ayityhefu kakhulu.

izakhiwo

Hydrogen benqanda (HCN formula) yenzeka kwindalo, oko oluhlala ezinye izityalo iye kwakhona isabelo yalo umsi wecuba, coke, okuhlamba waphawula ngexesha yokubola wobushushu of lyu kunye nenayiloni. Le nto izinambuzane yendalo kwaye ikhusela amathambo kunye imbewu izityalo ezininzi ukusuka ekuhlaselweni izinambuzane. Umzekelo, ikhoyo nokubakho eziba iiapilkosi, nabantwana, cherries, iiamangile.

Oku ngokulula ogalelwe nanini na umlinganiselo nge ethyl utywala, ethanol kunye namanzi, kunye idityaniswe nayo kwaye aldehyde. Hydrogen benqanda liqinile kwi -13,3 degrees Celsius, ubume ifayibha omkhenkce. Nokuba litshatshazi, laba igesi degrees 25,7. Gas Ikhaphukhaphu komoya.

lula izinto ezahlukeneyo ukufunxa hydrocyanic acid. Oku, umzekelo, irabha, amalaphu, ikhonkrithi, yezitena, yaye naziphi na zokutya. Hydrogen benqanda kugalelwe neefom umoya ezinokutsha, umxube onokudubula, amandla onokudubula apho mkhulu kunalowo TNT.

ukusetyenziswa

Hydrocyanic acid isetyenziswa kwimveliso acrylonitrile, acrylates, leyo koko kuba ukwenziwa zeplastiki. oko kubalulekile ukuba ukuvelisa cyanogen chloride, acrylonitrile, acid kunye fumigants ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo ulawulo lwezinambuzane. Inxaxheba Yindibanisela yerabha zilahlwe neerhali zokwenziwa, lactic acid kunye plexiglass. isetyenziswe ngempumelelo ulawulo ibuzi, kweentsholongwane kunye nokonakaliswa izinambuzane-ntlobo zeziqhamo.

Nokuthutha yokugcina

Ukuthuthwa hydrogen benqanda lisetyenziswa neetanki zokugcina okwethutyana kunye iziqulathi, iimoto zikaloliwe. Ngokuba ukusetyenziswa yokugcina ezisentlabathini nkqo zezindlu umthamo esisigxina ichibi ukusuka amahlanu amawaka amahlanu cubic metres (ukuzaliswa eyongeziweyo 0.9-0.95). womoya, ubushushu kwi iisilinda akufuneki lifinyele. Le mali iphezulu avumelekile yokugcina - iitoni ezimbini.

ityhefu

Intloko ebuhlungu, ukuluma, imvakalelo yobukrakra emlonyeni, musani ukuphakuzela, - zonke ezo kunokubangela hydrogen benqanda. exposure Human luqala emva kokuba ndiyoyisile isinyuko 0.3 mg / m ³ (cubed) - ukunqaba xiyimiso kuvumelekile emoyeni emajukujukwini yokusebenza. zokuhlala umoya uwabonisa akufunekanga ibe ngaphezulu kwe 0,01 mg / m ^3.

Le ndoda iqala bazive uphawu amangile ivumba kwi iqela 2-5 mg / m ^3. Ngenxa yokwanda abasuka 5-20 mg / m ³ zibonisiwe iimpawu lokuqala: intlungu intloko kunye nesiyezi, kwinwebu inwebu yangaphakathi kunye amehlo, umlomo azive ebuhlungu, liyavela ingqiqo ngokungeyomfuneko ngenxa yoloyiko. Imihla iyoluka ukwenekwa xi 50-60 mg / m ³ ebangela isicaphucaphu nokugabha, iyangongoza, mydriasis, ukuxhuzula kunye nelahleko seengcamango. Kuba bonke abafayo ngokwaneleyo basezela umphunga kwi iqela 130 mg / m ³ ngeyure nganye, kwaye xa iqela 220 mg ixesha / ^m3 liye lancitshiswa imizuzu emihlanu. yoxinaniso ebulalayo 1500 mg / ^m3.

imiphumela bokuphila

Iprussic acid - into ezinokubangela ijwabu anoxia. Ukuba eziyityhefu emzimbeni womntu kukho ukwanda ioksijini lwemithambo negazi lwemithambo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa umahluko esimbaxa-lwemithambo, ngenxa yoko, ukusetyenziswa izicwili mpilo wancipha. Hydrogen benqanda kunye neetyuwa kwayo unyityilikiswa igazi, kweyela ilaphu yaye basabela kunye oxidase cytochrome. Emva benqanda compound ngohlobo trivalent intsimbi kuphazanyiswa umsebenzi transfer electron ku mpilo. Ngenxa yokuba iyunithi igcwala lokugqibela uyasilela, yonke inkqubo ukuphefumla aphazanyiswa, abaphethwe izihlunu hypoxia, kuba nangona ioksijini ize inikwe kwi inani elifanelekileyo, oko ako kwaye wamthuma egazini lwemithambo kwifomu ingaguqukanga.

Ngexesha ukusebenza glycolysis kwenzeka ngexesha iprussic acid ityhefu: utshintsho ezivela aerobic ukuya anaerobic.

kubulawe ngengozi

Hydrogen benqanda (class ingozi - 2) kunokuba ezibulalayo abantu. Ebudeni emva kwengozi, ezo ezinxulumene ukukhululwa okanye ukuchitheka kwe kha ummandla ingozi iimitha ezingama-400 kude. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ikheswa susa abantu, asuse naluphi na imithombo lilangatye; non-ukutshaya. Ukuba sibe kwicala emoyeni.

Nangona ngaphakathi kufuneka kwindawo ezinobungozi ukusebenzisa izixhobo (zokwambathisa iimaski okanye ukuphefumla izixhobo, ngokunjalo ukhuselo isikhumba kuthetha A-1, 5-nompleyini nemisipres 4). zone chetyrehsotmetrovoy Ngaphandle awukwazi ukusebenzisa ukhuseleko ulusu nokulawula iimaski igesi mveliso nolwembambano ukuzikhusela ngokwabo ukuba ityhefu.

iimaski Gas kunye nezinye izixhobo

Ludityanisiwe iimaski iingalo lokucoca ziyasebenza ukuba xi hydrogen benqanda emoyeni ngaphantsi kwe 2500 mg / ^m3. sikhombisa lokucoca Industrial ziyasetyenziswa kwi xi eliphezulu ngokuvunywe ka-6000 mg / ^m3. Noko ke, ukuba iqhezu umphunga hydrocyanic acid emoyeni 7000-12000 mg / m ³ (7-12 g), nokuba benxibe isigqumathelo igesi, umntu kwimizuzu embalwa uzive iimpawu yityhefu ngenxa kwii ngesikhumba. Yiyo loo nto kule zoqhaphelo aphezulu okanye emva ukusetyenziswa elide kummandla efunekayo ukuba asebenzise izixhobo ngokupheleleyo zokhuselo.