Oyile mninzi engine. Njani yaye kutheni kufuneka amisele lexinene yeoli motor?

Xa ukhetha i oyile injini, abaqhubi beemoto zilawulwa amanyathelo ahlukeneyo. Kuba iyunithi petroli kubonisiweyo lale diphu index S, ibe injini diesel - C. Oku wakhokela ngezinye izinto. Umzekelo, ukuba kwenziwe ekhethiweyo, semi-eyenziweyo okanye isiseko ngezimbiwa; ngeoli viscosities ezahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha efudumeleyo okanye ebandayo. Kodwa bakhetha zibonakele kwiminyaka yakutshanje, jikelele ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe ulwelo. Xa sikhokelwa isalathiso viscosity, nekucetyiswa ngumvelisi efanayo ixesha.

Kukho nenye parameter ebalulekileyo - lexinene yeoli injini. On iya kuphendulwa kwinqaku.

Iimpawu ezisisiseko amafutha

Phakathi iimpawu eziphambili enxulumene ziincindi yokuqaba, engumfuziselo zilandelayo:

• ioli Density injini nondiliseko ethile. Igama lokuqala lulwahlulo mqulu abaninzi. Ingxinano lulinganiselwa ngeekhilogram nge-cubic meter. Apha kubalulekile ukukhumbula ingxenye okuthetha umlinganiselo ubunzima ichiza ezibunzima amanzi. Zombini mihlaba lobushushu zixhomekeke.
• Viscosity - ixabiso olusetyenzisiweyo ukulicacisa le fluidity. Kukwaxhomekeke nasekubeni lobushushu. Le viscosity ulinganiswa iiyunithi ezininzi: in Stokes centistokes kunye neemitha isikwere okanye omise umzuzwana kwi SI inkqubo yomlinganiselo.
• I-flash point kunye ugalele ingongoma. Indlela yokuqala kukunyuka lobushushu apho umphunga ezo ezibengezelayo kwi azandlale emlilweni. Isalathisi yesibini kuphuma obushushu asezantsi apho ioli bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa ngokupheleleyo flowability. Oku ukuboniswa utyekelo ityhubhu.
• Acid kunye nenombolo isiseko ibonisa ubungakanani imveliso efunekayo ukuze neutralization yokuba le asidi kunye ialakalin iimveliso yande kulwelo yokuqaba ngexesha lokusebenza.

mninzi

Ukuxinana yeoli injini luphawu ebaluleke kakhulu, nto leyo ichaza umlinganiselo yokunikana umthamo. Le enxulumene compressibility kunye viscosity. Oku parameter kuchaphazela kakhulu amandla kunikelwa kwi ukosuleleka ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi, aze avakalise amandla unikezelo kwi kwegazi. Xa ezixineneyo ezifunyenwe ngokunciphisa ubungakanani ukosuleleka ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi, ngaphandle kokutshintsha amandla. Nge njengoxinizelelo olwandayo kwakhona loxinano iqala ukwandisa.

Ukuba utshintsha lexinene yeoli injini ngama-20, kusenokwenzeka ukuba bathethe malunga kwiimpazamo enjinini. Xa kuqwalaselwa kuthelekiswa lexinene lepetrol nedizili ioli ezixineneyo, icace phandle ukuba inani ziza kuba ngaphezulu. Ngoko, ukungena amafutha kulo kuzakuthothisa ukunciphisa ixabiso mninzi. Ngelo xesha, amanzi ukuba phantse 1000 kg / m3, phezu koko, kuza kwanda. Oku kuya kwenzeka kuba has ixabiso elikhulu ioli mninzi injini kg / m3 (it has 880 kuphela). Xa sijonge ezi mpawu, kufuneka ibalwe, umzekelo, sisiphene umoya crankcase okanye inkqubo injini olupholisa.

Ubudlelwane phakathi lexinene viscosity

Classification, ebonisa lexinene i oyile injini, musa ayisekho. Kodwa kukho nenye, ebizwa æ. Inika igrisi viscosity i parameter. oyile Winter kuchongwa bubukho ileta W. Bona zahlulwa ukusuka 5W ukuya 25W. Umzekelo, i-oyile isiqu 5W okwaziyo ukusebenza kwiqondo lobushushu ebusika ukuya degrees amathathu ngaphantsi zero. A isiqu 10W umsebenzi kuthetha ukuba akwazi thabatha degrees mabini. Kodwa ke ioli injini oye bana 20W, wowufeza kuphela xa kuneqabaka ezincinane kakhulu. Oku akunconywa ukugcwalisa, ukuba imozulu zisengozini yokuba kubande kakhulu.

oyile zasehlotyeni Isikhundla ngokuqhelekileyo isusela ukusuka 10 ukuya 60 Ngelo lobushushu eliphezulu yokuqaba ulwelo kufuneka iipropati viscosity eliphantsi.

Ukuxinana ethile vsesezonok

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba lexinene yeoli lwenkunkuma injini akaxhomekekanga isalathiso viscosity, kunokwenzeka ukuba zokuphawula ukuchonga ezinye iipateni. Ukongeza, umvelisi ibonisa inani kwi iinkcukacha.

Umzekelo, oku kwaziwa ukuba 0,87-0,9 - ezixineneyo uphawu oyile motor 15W40 kwi izinyuko ezilishumi elinesihlanu. 0,857 kg Index ngokuqhelekileyo uya kuba ceke ebusika 10W. A mninzi malunga 0.85 baya 5W40 ioli motor.

Izinga zasehlotyeni amabini ilingana 0,861 kg / l, yaye amahlanu - 0,875 kg / l.

Kutsha nje, izinto zokuthambisa kunayo walungisa ulwelo kokuba ikhono ukusebenza kakuhle ngokufanayo ehlotyeni kwaye ebusika, ebizwa ngokuba yi-oyile multigrade. ukusetyenziswa kwazo kakhulu lula ubomi wabaqhubi, leyo akusafuneki ukuba noloyiko lokuba uya kukulibala ukutshintsha ulwelo phezu kokuvela ngexesha eshushu, okanye, icala, epholileyo.

hydrometer

Kulungiselelwa iSingqinisiso mninzi usebenzisa isixhobo ebizwa hydrometer. Oku esijingayo eyenziwe iglasi, kunye zokulinganisa emazantsi kwithemometha embindini kunye tube obhityileyo kunye isikali phezulu.

Izixhobo yafakwa ioli isithuba imizuzu emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu uthathe ufundo kwi esikalini. oyile Density engine (kg / l) indawo kubushushu degrees ezimakhulu mabini. Ukuba imilinganiselo zenziwa kwi lobushushu ezahlukeneyo, umphumo yoxhaso theyibhuli olungqamelanayo kwi CCITT.

nesilinganiso mninzi

Ukuze siqonde iimpawu kulwelo yokuqaba kusetyenziswa mninzi yayo isalamane ebalwa umlinganiselo oyile ezinoxinano ukuya lexinene kwamanzi kubushushu degrees amane (at imiqulu ngokulinganayo).

nesilinganiso Density lwenziwa ngolu hlobo.

1. I-oyile obuthelwe iselwa iglasi kubushushu degrees mabini.
2. Ngocoselelo ukwehlisa hydrometer ukuze ungabinako bachukumise iindonga isitya.
3. Emva kwemizuzu embalwa, ephethe isixhobo kwinqanaba iliso, ukwenza imilinganiselo ngexesha uthatha ukufunda iqondo lobushushu. Konga abakhethwa ngokwesikhokelo kwitafile ekhethekileyo.

Umzekelo, kwakusazeka ukuba lexinene oyile injini diesel yahluka ukusuka kg 890 ukuya 920 / m3, kunye motor ipetroli - ukusuka kg 910 ukuya 930 / m3.

Olu khetho kunceda ukuthelekisa iimpawu iziselo ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, oko kuphela makangamgwebi umgangatho yeoli xa iyonke. Ukuze wenze oku, ithathele ingqalelo umbala, ingcaciso yale imveliso kunye nakwezinye iimo ezalathayo.