Yintoni na amandla yomtsalane

Xa izifundo physics notitshala bezikolo zaseprayimari ikhankanya ingcamango pre-ekhoyo kwi uMhlaba njenge moya ebambe iminenga, iindlovu amahobe, xa abafundi yobuso ndincume ifakwe eklasini kukuhleka sive nokuva. Oku abaninzi ngoku sele enkulisa uyazi ukuba umhlaba - yinto isigaba, nomkhosi womxhuzulane wenza zonke izinto eziphathekayo. Kodwa makhe ubuncinane nakancinane ukuba ubunzulu siyazi nto. Njani ke achaze ukuba abantu zibanjwa phezu komhlaba elwandle kunye amanzi awuliphalazanga kungena ekubalekeleni isithuba, ukuba anithanga ukusebenzisa ngengcinga hlabathi flat? Ukuba amandla umtsalane obusemfihlekweni kuthi - ngoko, mhlawumbi, ngayo nayiphi na indlela. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kangaka aqonde elidlulileyo, ngenxa yokuba ixesha ngalinye - sisithethi sembeko.

Amandla omxhuzulane yomtsalane yafunyanwa ngama Isaac Newton ngo-1666. Phambi kwakhe, wazama ukucacisa nokutsala izazinzulu obalaseleyo ngexesha lakhe, ngathi Huygens, eyaziwa ngokuba umsebenzi wakhe embuthweni centrifugal, Descartes kunye Kepler baqulunqe imithetho ezintathu ezibalulekileyo elawula ukuhamba izinto ezingcwele. Noko ke, le nokucingela kuphela isekelwe ngakumbi ebale kunokuba izibakala. Akukho namnye kubo azithanga ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo yehlabathi. Newton yaceba ukwenza kwingcamango epheleleyo, apho ungachazwa amandla Umtsalane ezinxulumene ngezimanga nayo. Yaye waphumelela. nje uqikelelo yeengcingane zaye laliqulunqwe kunye neefomula waza wadala imodeli yinxalenye. Kwaba yimpumelelo kangangokuba ngoku, kwiinkulungwane kamva, i-jikelele ingcamango ka, njengoko uphuhliso izimvo Newton, lisetyenziswa izibalo ubucukubhede izikhakhamela.

ekuqulunqeni yayo ilula kakhulu siwakhumbula: amandla ngayo izinto ninomdla, ixhomekeke nobunzina nomgama. Le nkcazo kubonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

F = (M1 * M2) / (R * R),

apho M1 and M2 - izinto mass; R - kude.

Ngokuqhelekileyo iyazazi ingcamango classical iqala nale ifomula. Kuba imbonakaliso echanileyo kakhulu yonke kwicala lasekunene-lesandla kufuneka liphindaphindwe rhoqo omxhuzulane.

Esi sigqibo: omkhulu ngakumbi loo nto, umdla ngakumbi ngamandla nempembelelo ngayo kokusingqongileyo. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ingaba ubunzima isigaba 1 kg, kunye ingongoma enye okanye ubunzima. Ngelo xesha, xa kubalwa inkqubo yomzimba-mbini, ezifana ilanga kunye Umhlaba, wokugqibela watsala nje inkwenkwezi yakhe. Amandla nokutsala zehlabathi, Ngokusebenza ndawonye nentsimi kwelanga, yakha eqhelekileyo liziko womxhuzulane, nalapho kukho isibheno efanayo. Kubonakala nje ukuba ilanga - embindini kwinkqubo yethu. Liyinyaniso elokuba, nangona kwaye zigcinwe inkwenkwezi kunye umbindi emzimbeni nto idibana.

Umkhosi yomtsalane inokuchazwa phakathi classical umthetho gravitation jikelele kwezi meko zimbini zilandelayo:

- ngesantya iinjongo zale nkqubo ingaphantsi kakhulu isantya umqadi ukukhanya;

- amandla intsimi omxhuzulane mncinane kakhulu.

Kungekudala emva kokugqitywa komsebenzi Newton phezu umtsalane, kwaye kwacaca imfuneko yokuphucula ebalulekileyo. Inyaniso kukuba nangona isindululo umzimba kwisigaba zesibhakabhaka kungabalelwa ngoncedo iifomyula ecetywayo, kukho iimeko xa theory Newton asisebenzi, ekubeni wanika iziphumo ezingalindelekanga ngokupheleleyo.

Ilishwa sele ziphelisiwe yi Einstein, ngubani lacebisa ukuba silungiswe kakhulu imodeli ethathela ingqalelo indlela isantya ukukhanya, namasimi kakhulu omxhuzulane. Ngoku, ke, nkqu ingcamango jikelele ezifana ka uyekile ukuba impendulo jikelele yonke imibuzo: kwi sekuba of postulates ayo ezingachanekanga.