I-Cuba Revolution ka-1953-59

Omzabalazo kunzima okwathatha axhobele amandla, eyaqala July 26, 1953, yaye yagqitywa ekuqaleni kuka January 1959 uloyiso ngokupheleleyo bavukeli. Esi siganeko kwakhokelela ukuba kutshintshwe inkqubo yezopolitiko kunye ngokupheleleyo wajika kwimbali elizayo lonke eli lizwe.

Omzabalazo - Oonobangela

Iingxaki iphambili kurhulumente phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20 zazo:

- engaxutywanga nenye ezolimo - isiseko kwishishini yaba kumasimi eswekile ;

- latifundia kangaka - umhlaba omkhulu abucala, leyo ezizodwa ngokukodwa kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu emigudwini yomvuzo ngebhaxa;

- ukuxhomekeka kuqoqosho phezu lonke kwikomkhulu US.

Ekuqaleni kuka Matshi 1952 kweli lizwe kwakukho kwabhukuqwa d'AFP, kangangokuba iye yamiselwa ngeqhudu emkhosini-amapolisa ekhokelwa Fulgencio Batista.

Amandla entsha luphawulwa urhwaphilizo aphezulu, Cuba waqalisa lo ingcinezelo kwezopolitiko kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho kwakhokelela ekwehleni okukhulu yingeniso yokwenene yabemi. Uluntu ena- ukunganeliseki elichithwayo ngohlobo olunye lika umzamo. Abalweli ephethwe lawyer abatsha kunye nenkokheli yezopolitiko Fidel Castro.

History of revolution

Iqela labavukeli bakhokelwa Fidel Castro xa July 26, 1953 kwenziwe iinzame saqhwithi i enqatyisiweyo enqabeni yomkhosi Moncada inqaba e Santiago. Babala kwinkxaso inginginya, kuba ukunganeliseki uluntu ulawulo lwangoku olugoso. Noko ke, oku akuzange kwenzeke, kwaye kwecala olwela balwa yedwa iiyure ezimbini, lahluleka obukhulu.

Uninzi abo bavukeli babulawa yaye abanye zifakiwe kwaye nengalo yomthetho. Fidel Castro ngokwakho ezikhuselweyo ngalo ityala ngenxa yokuba igqwetha. Apho namazwi akhe adumileyo: "Imbali Ngaba ecaleni kwam."

Zonke abamangalelwa bafumana izigwebo kakhulu entolongweni - ukususela kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-15. Kodwa umphakathi waba ecaleni abavukeli, kwanyanzeleka Batista ukuze ungene ngokukhawuleza umyalelo uxolelo. Brothers Castro ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ukukhululwa entolongweni adluliselwe angabamelwane Mexico ukudala apho umbutho ngesi "M-26" ( "26 Julayi Movement"). Kukho Fidel Castro wakwazi ukudibana kunye odumileyo revolution Che Guevarra, ngubani nangoko wajoyina i-M-26.

Ekuqaleni kuka December 1956 ukuya kunxweme yephondo ka Oriente uqubha kwezikhephe "Granma", leyo ifike 82 vukela abaxhobileyo. Omzabalazo yamalungiselelo waya eqongeni impi esebenzayo. Indiza nangoko waphawula imikhosi urhulumente, waza wayitshabalalisa phantse ngokupheleleyo. Ngokutsho imithombo eyahlukeneyo, le yunithi wasinda ebantwini-11 ukuya kwi-22.

Ngaphandle kwenye ukungaphumeleli, le abalweli akazange acinge ukuba bangayeki. Kuye kwagqitywa lokuhlolisisa nzulu kweli lizwe, yiya kwiindawo zasemaphandleni. Apho, abo bavukeli uwine intembeko yabahlali, kugaywa zibe kwayo. Kule mizi, kakhulu, yaba umsebenzi esebenzayo phakathi kwabafundi. Imibutho eziqhubekayo abaxhobileyo zikhomba.

Ngexesha urhulumente Batista lowo akakuthandi nje kuphela kwilizwe labo kodwa kwi US - iqabane ikakhulu kwezoqoqosho lempi Cuba. Oku idlala ezandleni kulo mbuso.

Ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngo-1958, omzabalazo Ihambe kwisigaba ekhubekisayo. Yi ekwindla abavukeli wathabatha ulawulo kwiphondo Las Villas kunye Oriente, yaye ngosuku lokuqala ka-1959 imikhosi yazo ngoloyiso bangena eSantiago. Ngaxeshanye kwezi ziganeko amajoni Che Guevarra wasithimba isixeko Santa Clara.

Batista wagqiba babaleke kweli lizwe, yaye urhulumente wakhe uye warhoxa. NgoJanuwari 2 abalweli ahlala Havana - elikomkhulu Cuba. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko, ngoJanuwari 6 kweso sixeko wafika ngoloyiso Fidel Castro ukuba iqalise urhulumente omtsha ngokupheleleyo.

Imbali Cuba emva revolution

Inguqu olukhulu lizwe waqalisa kwangoko. Endaweni yomkhosi yangaphambili exhobileyo weza Army Ntw 'kwaye amapolisa athatha indawo Abantu wabasebenzi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezolimo kuthwalelwa phandle ngoMeyi 1959, ngenxa apho lifa ziye zapheliswa, kwaye ilizwe laba impahla abalimi kunye norhulumente. Kamva, ngowe-1963, iifama ezinkulu kakhulu sele ziphelisiwe, nentsebenziswano yaqala kwicandelo iswekile.

Kwakhona ngo-1959 egcina imali kunye namashishini ezinkulu ziye zibe yipropathi kurhulumente, yaye ngowe-1960, bebonke isiphelo sinye wehlelwa mveliso American.

Ukususela ngowe-1961, waqalisa iphulo ukuphelisa nokubhala.

karhulumente nokuphila kude kakhulu lwentando yesininzi. Media ziye zaba kweliso ngokupheleleyo ziikomiti le, abahlali baye itshekishwe ngocoselelo kwi ukuziphendulela revolution.

imibutho yenkolo, kuquka iicawa ezininzi zamaKatolika, baye balahlekelwa zonke izinto zabo, ababingeleli becala bagxothwa kweli lizwe.

Relations kunye United States emva kokuba revolution, ziye zehla kakhulu, kwaye Castro ligqibe ukuba ngenkuthalo sisondela kufutshane amazwe awodwa wamaKomanisi - ingakumbi eSoviet Union. NgoFebruwari 1960, sisayinwe isivumelwano yokuqala kokufumana eCuba koncedo Soviet.

Omzabalazo kuthethe ukuba lizwe iye yatshintsha ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yayo yezopolitiko, yaye kwentwasahlobo ka-1961 wavakalisa ngokusesikweni ngokwayo lorhulumente wenkqubo yobuSoshali.