Yintoni indlu eSoviet ogama emva kokuba inkokeli yiSoviet Stalin, Khrushchev kwaye kubhekiselelwe kuwo

Xa Lexicon obunawo yokwenene, ukongeza "dvushek", "treshek" okanye "odnushek", igama elithi "idiphozithi" kunye neminye imiqathango ethile, kukho izinto ezithile, uthetha iqela leprojekthi, ebhudla kwixesha elithile. Yathi, "kopeck piece-Xruschevka-lesithathu", naphambi kwamehlo xa kukho indlu encinane iholo yokungena, ikhitshi imitha-ezintandathu emihlanu okanye, ekungeneni lounge kunye lokulala elincinane, ibekwe kwinqanaba sesithathu: indlu enomgangatho ezintlanu.

Phantsi kweliso lobuqu I. V. Stalina

Phambi ekuqalekeni abemi ngobuninzi yokufuduka-ukuhlupheka izisele, enqabeni kunye noluntu ezixineneyo elinye xesha, eyathatha ukusuka kwiminyaka yee-novalo ukuya kumashumi amahlanu emva kwexesha. Asikwazi bathi ukuba eSoviet wakha izindlu zithiywe emva kokuba inkokeli eSoviet. bayingozi igama lakhe ebuntsimbi baba amatanki, zikaloliwe kunye neminye imizekelo zobugcisa enamandla, kodwa ndiza yakhethwa oonobumba bokuqala amagama moya jikelele. Wena nako nokuba bayavuma ingcamango yokuba Stalin wawa, nkqu impumlo phantsi ... Kungokwemvelo ukuba zindlu 1945 ukuya 1960, baqala ukubiza Stalin emva kokufa kwakhe, wakukhankanya "engento" igama "nguyise zonke iintlanga" kumelana ezinye iingxaki kunye utshintsho olukhulu kwiphupha elizayo. Ngokubanzi, aphathwe inombolo yeprojekthi uNothozamile.

Ekhaya eSoviet ithiywe emva inkokeli eSoviet hayi nje kuba zakhiwa kule iminyaka yobomi bakhe. Ngembonakalo, umhombiso ingaphakathi babonakaliswa umoya sexesha kunye nobugcisa ezikhethwa Iosifa Vissarionovicha, ngubani amavila zonke iisampuli ilungiselelwe imveliso mass (kwaye ngaphezulu) ukuba ahlole buqu, kuquka iimoto, oonomathotholo, iimovie, Kakade ke, iiprojekthi zezindlu.

umbuso Stalin kaThixo

Ubomi post-imfazwe USSR waphawulwa ngabantu zokwalatha inyanda kwiiklasi kunye amabakala. Amagosa avela kwabaphathiswa ezahlukeneyo ayenxiba iimpahla ngemiqondiso lweeyantlukwano iilogo zesebe, kufana nje Tsarist Russia. A gaba basebenzisa isithuba ephilileyo ezahlukeneyo, ubuncinane eyekelelwayo. Kuba kakhulu, lo, eyayiquka buchopho, amanani yenkcubeko kunye namalungu urhulumente zakhiwa izakhiwo ezizodwa, phezulu, siyenyuka, yaye kuphela iingqukuva ezisemantloko republic Union. Bekukho yonke: ikhitshi omkhulu, kunye iisilingi eziphakamileyo, izindlu zangasese (kunye kwindawo yokuhlala yesiqhelo), kunye bay iifestile (hayi wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ukukhonza yinxalenye udonga, ogciniweyo kumacala amathathu). Oku uzuko ngaphandle wakhangela umxhelo. Curls, ngeerhengqe, izando, iinkwenkwezi, izithungu zengqolowa kunye nezinye iimpawu ideologically lomsebenzi woyilo unobtrusively wabonisa ukuba onjalo elihle obutofotofo kuba ikhaya eSoviet kuphela. Ogama lakhe behlonipha inkokeli eSoviet akazange ezinye izakhiwo ngamnye kunye nezakhiwo, nobumelwane lonke needolophu. Ke izindlu zodidi maxa onke ukuze ibe ngokwaneleyo, ngoko ke igama elithi 'uhlobo yendlu - stalinka "asiyiyo abalinganiswa epheleleyo propati. Kwimeko nganye, zifuna ingcaciso engaphezulu.

Stalinkas, okuhle ezahlukeneyo

Nangona uninzi abemi yiSoviet babehlala communes kakhulu ungakhululekanga yinqubo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba yangasese enye maxa wambi kwi inombolo enamanani-ezimbini amagumbi, imfuneko yezindlu elungileyo lazola, yaye oku.

Zonke iiprojekthi izindlu yaphuhliswa kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe, Stalin waba izinto ezininzi ngazo. Zazakhiwe ngezitena, ekhutshwe kunye zokuhlambela ezazinemidla kunye balcony, yinxalenye ebalulekileyo angaphakathi wabo ofakelwe wardrobes. isilingi ukuphakama - akukho ngaphantsi kweemitha ezintathu.

Le stalinki elula (idrafti 1-255) yaba imigangatho ephantsi (amanqanaba 2-3) kwindawo encinane kunye (macala M 6-9.) Cuisine encinane. Ezi rhoqo inxaxheba ukwakhiwa amajoni German, nto leyo xa zidityaniswe kunye nokusetyenziswa izinto ezifumaneka lula, kwenziwa kumanxuwa post-imfazwe, ebangela umgangatho ophantsi imisebenzi yokwakha.

Kuba nokuhlelwa iqela-yiSoviet kwaze 1961 ukuphuculwa ekhaya wakha Iiprojekthi series 1-414 no 1-433, kunye nekhitshi imitha ezisibhozo-, nasepasejini banzi, ezinkulu kunye namagumbi isikwere. Imigangatho kunye neemfuno yiyo le isiseko, ziye zanda. Uninzi imigangatho iplanga ngomthi kuzo zonke iintlobo yoyilo Stalin, kodwa eyona elite.

Khrushchev: Kufuneka kunjalo ngaphezulu

backwardness kwezobuchwepheshe yiSoviet walibonakalisa ngeendlela ezininzi, kuquka ukwakhiwa. izindlu kakhulu-stalinok zakhiwa sele kule minyaka Khrushchev. Isantya wolwakhiwo sawo kangako, kwakunye nomgangatho.

Ubunkokheli yiSoviet phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-ngamahlanu, waqonda ngamampunge le zafunyanwa ngexesha indlela le ngxaki yezindlu abaninzi. Sidinga zobuchwepheshe obutsha, kwaye athathwa amazwe. izindlu olwalusele ukuba abasebenzi, cheap kwaye kulula kakhulu, wabona N. S. Hruschevym kwimimandla Paris, kwabonakala indlela yokuphuma nemeko enzima. ngokungxamisekileyo Abakhi yaphuhlisa iiprojekthi ukuba sesiqale ukwakha umfuziselo amakhaya. Khrushchev - ngoko ke yaziwa phantse nangoko emva ekhaya kuqala elitsha, ngaphandle imali kwikota entsha, akukho ulunya. Emva kokuvalwa angaphantsi yinqubo amagumbi, nangona encinane, kodwa kwabonakala iingxande zayo mihla, eqaqambileyo kakuhle. Ngaloo ndlela ke wenza ukhetho qhinga phakathi ikhusi obutofotofo ziingcungcu kwaye engazigwagwisi, kodwa kubantu abaninzi, nangona nangoku ukuba wonke.

Nangona kukho eninzi imali, urhulumente waseSoviet imali ekwakheni, ayiphumelelanga ngokupheleleyo ukusombulula le ngxaki yezindlu. Ngeminyaka, iiprojekthi ezintsha zokuhlala yaziwa ngokuba esithi: "Tit", "Czech", "harkovka", "shestnadtsatietazhka". Kuyaqondakala ukuba yonke le ndlu eSoviet ogama emva inkokeli eSoviet L. I. Brezhneva, kodwa uhlobo lude kakhulu ukuba ingcamango yokuba "Breznev" zinentsingiselo ethile. Realtors Maxa wambi igama elithi isasetyenziswa nangoku badla ukubamba inkungu.