Umanyolo nitrogen. ammonium nitrate

Iamoniyam nayitreyithi Yenza iqukiwe iqela le ibalulekileyo nitrogen nezichumiso. Nitrogen owenza indima ebalulekileyo kubomi bezityalo. Le into iqukiwe ukwakheka yiklorofili, nto leyo ziiprotein acceptor amandla elanga, apho kuyimfuneko ukwakhiwa eliphilayo.

Izityalo nako ukuziphelisa initrojeni yento kuphela ngohlobo amides, neetyuwa, nitrate. Imali lincinane izinto ukhandwa ukusebenza ezincinane zomhlaba. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ulimo yanamhlanje ayikwazi khona ngaphandle ukuqaliswa olongezelelweyo qela lesichumiso nitrogen, efunyanwe ukusuka kwimizi-nitrogen ayikokubambana esesibhakabhakeni. Imixube ifakiwe kolu didi zahlukile enye kwenye ngohlobo lesigaba compound karhulumente (ulwelo okanye eziqinileyo). Cell ukuba awana physiologically nezichumiso asidi.

Iamoniyam nayitreyithi, ogama ifomula H. _{4 NO-3,} kumhlophe crystalline kweziyobisi, nto leyo yenziwa mathathu anesihlanu ekhulwini initrogen nitrate kunye ifomu Ammonium. Zombini ezi ntlobo zityalwa lula zifunxwe zizityalo. A ammonium nitrate granular lisetyenziswa kukuninzi phambi imisebenzi ukuhlwayela njengoko avale phezulu. Isixa ezincinane lisetyenziswa ukwenziwa neziqhushumbisi.

Iamoniyam nayitreyithi Yenza unokuba kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Iindidi A no-B, umzekelo, zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zoshishino xa imixube edubulayo (ammonal, Amon).

Kuba imveliso isichumiso isicelo ammonia kunye nitric acid. Ubunzima molekyuli of the ifunyenwe compound 80.043 amu Pure ammonium nitrate iqulethe omathandathu oksijini ekhulwini, hydrogen anesihlanu ekhulwini mathathu anesihlanu ekhulwini nitrogen (akukho ngaphantsi kwe amathathu anesine ekhulwini technical imveliso nitrogen lwamaqhezu).

Kuxhomekeka ubushushu, kukho ngumkhenkce ezintlanu ulungiso kwento. Bonke thermodynamically kuzinza kwi womoya. Zokuwaguqula nganye inayo kummandla ezithile kwithempritsha yayo kunye utshintsho polymorphic katsa ukutshintsha isakhiwo ngumkhenkce, ukufunxeka okanye ukukhululwa ubushushu, utshintsho ngokukhawuleza ngumqulu ezithile, entropy, umthamo ubushushu, njalo njalo. utshintshwano enjalo ingqalelo enantiotropically - ingathityazwa.

Iamoniyam nayitreyithi Yenza i-arhente oxidizing kwaye iyakwazi ukuxhasa yokutsha. Kwimeko apho akanako iimveliso yokubola thermal ukuba isuswe ngokukhululekileyo, eli iziyobisi ngokugqithisileyo zicace (ezinokuqhushumba) phantsi kweemeko ezithile.

Xa baboniswa lobushushu esinyusiweyo (amakhulu amabini aneshumi - izinyuko ezimakhulu mabini) kwisithuba closed, ammonia oqokelela, uyazikhomba nitric acid uvikivwa. Kulo mba, kukho ukuhla okubonakalayo basabela yokubola. phantse siqala thermal akayeki. Xa baboniswa lobushushu enkulu, into igcwala ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi ammonia, basabela okongezeleke uqala ukugeleza kunye ukukhawulezisa obukhulu. Oku angangunobangela wokuhlaselwa ukwanda.