Isantya isandi umoya

Kuba baninzi, nkqu emva kokugqiba iminyaka ayaziwa yintoni ngokwenene isantya isandi umoya. Umntu waphulaphula ngenyameko ngutitshala, ngoxa abanye bamane abaqondi ngokupheleleyo umbandela lowu. Kaloku, mhlawumbi lixesha ukugcwalisa lo msantsa lwazi. Namhlanje nje uchaze amanani "owomileyo", uze uchaze indlela egqiba isantya isandi umoya.

Njengoko yaziwa, umoya ludibaniso zegesi ezahlukeneyo. Kancinane ngaphezu kwe-78% ezi-nitrogen, ohlala phantse-21% ioksijini, intsalela bubonakaliswe carbon kunye neegesi egalelwe. Ngoko ke, siya kugxininisa isantya yesandi apha sukube medium.

Okokuqala, makhe ukuchaza into isandi. Ndiqinisekile abaninzi baye baliva esithi "amaza isandi" okanye "amaza omsindo". Eneneni, umzekelo, i-diffuser ukuzala isithethi oscillates kunye rhoqo ethile, nto leyo ithathwa njenge isandi umntu coil. Omnye imithetho physics ithi ukuba uxinzelelo zegesi kunye ezilulwelo zithunyelwa ngaphandle utshintsho kuwo onke amacala. Oku kulandela ukuba phantsi kweemeko efanelekileyo, isantya isandi kwi berhasi efanayo. Kakade ke, eneneni kukho ukubola yaso yendalo. Sidinga ukuba sikhumbule lo msebenzi, ekubeni oku ichaza isizathu sokuba umlinganiselo ungahluka. Kodwa ke kancinane uyaphazamiseka mxholo. Ngoko ke, ukuba isandi - a kokuthandabuza, ngoko iyahluka ntoni?

Nayiphi na igesi - isethi oluthile loqwalaselo lwe atom. Ngokungafaniyo eziqinileyo atom phakathi kubo umgama enkulu kakhulu (xa kuthelekiswa, umzekelo, efestileni metal). U nga tshinela isifaniso kunye ertyisi, isasazwe ngaphezu ijeli-like mass wesingxobo. Umthombo uthe intlokoma ukubetha isandi intshukumo athom segesi esikufutshane. Nabo ke, ngathi iibhola phezu kwetafile snooker, "u-" kwi asebumelwaneni, kwaye ephinda inkqubo. Isantya isandi umoya kanye kugqiba ubunzulu ukubetha-ingcambu unobangela. Kodwa le candelo elinye kuphela. Le into luthe luhle athom, ayanda isantya iphilileyo kuwo. Umzekelo, isantya isandi umoya phantse 10 izihlandlo ngaphantsi kwe kwi Nyengane monolithic. Kulula kakhulu ukuba baqonde: i-atom kwi igesi ukuba "fly" kwi asebumelwaneni amnike amandla ukubetha, kuyimfuneko ukuba soyise ibanga elithile.

Impact: nge ukwandisa izinga lobushushu ukunyuka andise. Xa Nangona ukwanda thermal, uqina yaso ezi athom ngasentla, zihamba elingafani yaye ngokufuthi zingqubane. Oku kuyinyaniso kananjalo ukuba irhasi zixinaniswe ethwele isandi kakhulu ngokukhawuleza, kodwa indoda efuna undikho nangoku a yepetroliyamu karhulumente ngokwasemzimbeni. Ekubaleni uqina isandi kwi iigesi kuthathelwa ingqalelo loxinano sokuqala, compressibility, lobushushu lomlingani (rhoqo gas). Enyanisweni, sonke kulandela ukusuka ngentla.

Sekunjalo, yintoni na isantya isandi umoya? Abaninzi baye sele ugqibe, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukunika impendulo ecacileyo. Nazi nje ezinye i data esisiseko:

- at zero degrees Celsius kwiqanda kwindawo (inqanaba elwandle) isantya isandi imalunga 331 m / s;

- yandisa lobushushu ukuya - 20 degrees Celsius kwaye inga "slow" amaza yezandi 319 m / s, ukususela ekuqaleni atom kwi wasemajukujukwini uthe chu;

- ukhulisa kwi-500 degree andise isandi kukwazi phantse isiqingatha - ze m ukuya kwi-550 / s.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi data asondele, ekubeni ukongezelela lobushushu igesi ukukwazi ukuqhuba isandi kuchatshazelwa yi xi, indawo uqwalaselo (isithuba izinto okanye kwindawo evulekileyo), i ukuhamba yabucala njl

Okwangoku, iimpawu emoyeni ukwenza isandi uphando olusebenzayo. Ngokomzekelo, iprojekthi enye ngokubhalisa ivumela kubonakala uphawu isandi (echo) ukumisela lobushushu layers moya.