Athathwe, leyo yokuwasindisa sokumiswa Russian

ngabavukeli IMVELAPHI

Nokukhululwa eMoscow kubahlaseli Polish kwi intsomi memory of abakhaya bethu basibiza ayeze omnye ugqaliselo kakhulu yobugorha kwimbali Russian. Esi siganeko ngebande elinye kunye iyindawo clever Kutuzov ukusuka kwikomkhulu ngo-1812, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukusabela kukaNapoleon Russia. Yaye wawalwela eMoscow ngo-1941, efihlakeleyo isicwangciso blitzkrieg Adolf Hitler. Namhlanje, lo mcimbi ezinxulumene-level karhulumente leeholide - Day Unity yeSizwe, ebonisa wamajoni abantu bakaThixo kobuso umhlali.

ixesha Iingxaki

Ukuqala ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe yaba luvavanyo nzima kurhulumente Russian. Ixesha ebizwa kwiincwadi zembali yesikolo, "Ixesha Iingxaki", kwakuhambisana zombini kunye iingxaki zangaphakathi, ezibanzi, kunye c anda iintshaba yangaphandle. Livonian War ekupheleni isizukulwana ngenkulungwane yeshumi basabela kwintlekele enkulu yezoqoqosho, kukho indlala enkulu-isikali kuqinisa serfdom, imeko ezikhula eluntwini yaye, ke, ukunciphisa amathuba umkhosi karhulumente. Kungenxa yoku, umgca sophazamiso ubukhosi olawulayo, usizi kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, Amakhosi ukubana rhoqo etroneni impangele wenza lula bemlinga abasemzini. ubunzima ezibalulekileyo nempembelelo kule ngingqi fumene ummelwane ebusweni karhulumente Polish, nazo mhlawumbi nokugqama omkhulu bamandla ayo kwimbali yayo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, enye imfazwe Russian-Polish, eyaqala ngo-1609, ngokukhawuleza kwakhokelela kukuwa eziliqela iinqaba ebalulekileyo Russian (ezifana ESmolensk kunye ukulungela) asizimele, yaye kamva ukufa nguDmitry False II kwaye ekugqibeleni ukuze amajoni umsebenzi uKumkani Moscow eyathatha III.

ukunganeliseki ethandwayo

Lo msebenzi yathatha iminyaka emibini - ukusuka ekwindla 1610 ukuya ekwindla 1612. Yaba ngeli xesha ubamba siganeko, eyaziwa ngokuba umkhosi wamajoni. Xa umkhosi rhoqo yanikezela ukuba umdlali ngokomelela, inyathelo kwafuneka ukuba athathe imikhosi zabantu. Okokuqala umkhosi wamajoni waqala ukubonakala ekuqaleni 1611 kwi inyathelo naphantsi kolawulo Procopius Lyapunov amanene. Ukwakha izibonda kwaye isibheno yomkhosi ezithandwayo yenzeka kwindawo yokuqala phantsi ngesebe zokukhusela emazweni Orthodox yamaKatolika ukumkani. Ubhejo kwingcamango lwenkolelo waba impendulo enkulu phakathi kwabantu, kwaye kule meko, kukho uMdali ebalulekileyo wamajoni waba uBhishophu noHermogene, ndibize zokuba kuvele uxhathiso.

Performance kwenzeka ngoJanuwari 1611, xa amajoni alwa amadoda kunye Cossacks of Ryazan, Novgorod kunye nezinye izixeko bafudukela eMoscow. Kwidabi kunjalo zabanjwa ngoMatshi, xa iintsuku eMoscow ezimbini Umsindo idangatye, amanye amajoni Polish baphanga wokulondoloza imali, abalungiselela siphumele,, ngenxa umahluko enkampini wamajoni abantu abavukeli zoshishino kaThixo isilele yaza yatshatyalaliswa. Noko ke, ukuzama ukukhulula elikomkhulu akasalisa baba. Kwaye ekwindla ka-1611 e-Nizhny Novgorod, baqala ukwenza athathwe entsha kazwelonke. Iintloko ngaye eli xesha umabhalane waqala umdala Kuzma Minin kunye nguDmitry Pozharsky oselula lakomkhulu, kwakhona wakhuthaza abantu ukuba ukukhusela Orthodox. Okwesibini umkhosi wamajoni laqhubeka wabaza elibonakalayo ngexesha elandelayo 1612, iyavuleka iintsalela lokuqala boyiswa Abantu Umkhosi, ngokunjalo ukudibanisa amaqela amatsha abantu bedolophu kunye nabalimi kwimimandla engundoqo. Ngo-Epreli 1612 imikhosi eziphambili xandzuka bebekelwa Yaroslavl, apho uhlobo kwikomkhulu engundoqo emkhosini yasekwa - "IBhunga Zonke Umhlaba".

Ukugxothwa zezibonda

Kuba Kwisiqingatha sesibini Agasti, abo bavukeli bakwazi ukungena eMoscow ongqingiweyo kwaye singqingiwe njalo ke iindonga lwangaphakathi lomzi, elandelwa izibonda wanyamalala. Idabi engundoqo woyiswa ekampini Hetman Yana Hodkevicha kwaye esithathwe incwadi yesicelo, eMoscow, emva koko uzinikele kuye ekugqibeleni wakhulula.
Ngoko ke, indima wamajoni kwabantu kunganzima ukuba babebiza imali kwi-mali karhulumente Russian.