Geosphere - iba yinxalenye yobomi bethu on Earth

Nabani na waya esikolweni, uyazi ukuba Geosphere - umaleko ngaphakathi nangaphandle ihlabathi, enokuthi ibe sisincoko ezahlukeneyo kunye neepropati. Kukho kwiiseli ezininzi ezinjalo. Kwinqaku lethu siza sithethe ngokufutshane ngoko ke geosphere ephambili, abafani yaye yintoni umsebenzi wazo ngayo. Olu lwazi jikelele ziya kuba nomdla nje kuphela abantu bafunde uqeqesho ubume kweengqimba boMhlaba, kodwa abafundi esiqhelekileyo uphuhliso eqhelekileyo.

Ingcamango jikelele kunye neentlobo

Formation emhlabeni yenzekile zizinto hlukeneyo, apho oomaleko benziwa ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nenjongo. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, Geosphere- - oku umaleko enjalo. Kunika umdla kuyiqwalasela ngokwemeko planethi. Ukuba uqala ukuqonda geosphere iqokobhe komhlaba ukusuka ngaphakathi, sinako ukubona mfanekiso ulandelayo:

1. Umaleko lingaphakathi planethi - yeyona engundoqo.
2. Ingubo walungiselela emhlabeni engundoqo.
3. Umaleko elilandelayo uqweqwe ngokwayo.
4. Ngapha koko, ngexesha lokuqulunqa kokuba amanzi kunye nomoya iqokobhe. Yonke enye into, umhlaba uba Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye entsimini omxhuzulane.

umaleko nganye izinto ezahlukeneyo kakhulu mninzi ezifakwe kumafa yayo. kukho umaleko ezishinyeneyo embindini boMhlaba, kunye nomgama ukusuka phakathi nokuncipha mninzi. Zonke ungqameko zikhona kubudlelwane ngqo omnye komnye. Enye inwebu lingena kungena omnye, yaye sigcine ubukho maleko omnye komnye, njl Awukwazi ukuthetha malunga Ukuqhela Geosphere, kuba ngokusondeleyo bonke zingadityaniswa. Kwaye lo uqhagamshelo siyiqonda xa sijonga umaleko ngasinye ngokwahlukeneyo. Abaninzi baya kumangaliswa xa waqonda ukuba Geosphere - le nto okungeenxa zonke kuthi.

core

Lo maleko likwimo eshinyeneyo. Oko kukuthi, izijikelezi-langa yangaphakathi geosphere, yaye sesazulwini sayo kanye. Ukuba sihlolisisa imbonakalo ngumongo, loo nto ibhola iba Ebubanzini ngaphezu kwamawaka amabini kweekhilomitha. Ukubunjwa uba ukuyilwa engundoqo engamanzi, apho ekwakhiweni na intsimbi otyhidiweyo, nickel, nesulfure. Embindini kwale maleko - malunga emithathu enesiqingatha ophosa. Ngaphezu koko, i core inamacandelo amabini: bangaphakathi kunye nabangaphandle. iqondo lobushushu inkulu kangangokuba kube nzima ukuzala eneneni a - 4 iwaka degrees ..

Iingcali zichaza ukuba isiqalo lidlala indima ugesi emhlabeni. Yenzeka njani le nto? Ulwelo ngaphakathi emhlabeni Ukwakheka sasingahlali ndawonye ngenxa ujikeleziso ngeenxa axis yayo. Le ukubana le nucleus unobangela phambi lo mhlaba otsalayo ehlabathini. Izazi basaqhubekeka ukufunda zonke iinkalo intliziyo etshisayo komhlaba.

isiphuku

Bexoxa geosphere komhlaba, ezi zilandelayo zixabisa ukuphawula yokwaleka. Lo maleko na nxalenye inkulu ehlabathini - phantse esithathwini-of mass yayo. Kananjalo unamalungu aphezulu nengasezantsi. Ukuba iguqulelwe kwi khilomitha, inxalenye ephantsi ingathatha amawaka amabini km, kwaye top - ngaphantsi kancinane kunokuba kwiikhilomitha amawaka. Izazi ziye kudala ulwazi malunga noko luquka ingubo ezimbini. Bathabatha iisampuli emhlabeni, ukusuka emazantsi olwandle, kwaye baya izigqibo zabo:

• njengenxalenye ingubo enkulu na, silicates nentsimbi;
• isakhiwo ingubo yimilo ziikristale, nto leyo kule loburhulumente kuphela ngenxa uxinzelelo enkulu; kwimeko esahlukileyo, iqondo eliphezulu (2500 ° C) kungabangela yokunyibilika;
• I ingubo eliphezulu sikwimo elulwelo, okanye mandithi inxalenye yayo asezantsi; Lo maleko luhlobo inkunkuma ngenxa lithosfere, leyo ufana kwakudada phezu yokwaleka.

Ngokubanzi, zonke ezi zoleko ungumzalwana ngokwaneleyo enokususwa omnye komnye kwaye bangatshintsha simo nzima yeplastiki, kuxhomekeka umthwalo.

lithosfere

Okulandelayo ke Geosphere - ukuba lithosfere. Lo maleko ungqengqa yokwaleka uba ubukhulu kweekhilomitha malunga nekhulu. Siyazi ukuba yinxalenye yomhlaba njengoko kwesikhoko Yomhlaba. Oku zizakubalulwa ngqongqo eliphezulu kunye ubu ngokugqithiseleyo. Granites basalts kwaye ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi. eqweqweni Uncedo yahlulwe ezimbini:

• ulwandle,
• Continental.

Zombini ezi ndidi kwahluka enye kwenye, yaye ngoobani kunye nesakhiwo. Ukuba sicinga uhlobo lizwekazi lithosfere, umaleko ayo aphezulu iqulathe ncakasana izinto ezifana ioksijini, lesilicon, i-aluminiyamu, intsimbi, calcium, nemagnesium, sodium kunye potassium. Sinokuthi kule nxalenye iqulathe emaweni lenyengane, kodwa nzulu lolu daka basaltic. Ocean njengenxenye osoloko ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle, nto leyo ithetha ukuba ayizange kuchaphazela utshintsho ukufumene inxalenye olingana inkqubo zazivelela. Le nwebu imbasa yolwandle kwilizwekazi, kokukhona balo babulingana nesandla. Soil - oku yini amanga kumphezulu lithosfere. Kubonakala emva impembelelo eziliqela. Yiyo lo maleko luzobe intsebenziswano eyiyo kunye nokusingqongileyo.

kwehayidrosfere

Le Geosphere - oku yinto esiyibiza ibhatyi kwamanzi emhlabeni. Oku kubandakanya onke amanzi on Earth, ukuthi entlalweni endikuyo ifunyenwe: ulwelo, okuqinileyo, sukube. Lo maleko eqhubekayo ukusukela amanzi yenza isangqa. Lo maleko eziboniswe kwiplanethi kweelwandle, iilwandle, amachibi kunye nemilambo, yamanzi ephantsi komhlaba kunye ezihambayo. Amanzi a unique kwemozulu-propati emhlabeni.

emoyeni

Kakade ke, ichaza geosphere komhlaba, emoyeni angena kubethwa ngoyaba. Oku umaleko lomoya, nto leyo eyimfuneko ukuze ubomi bethu. Kuyinto lo maleko mvanje odla ndithi izazinzulu kwemvelo. Ukubunjwa lo mhlaba sijongeka njengoku:

• 78% - nitrogen;
• 21% - oksijini;
• 1% - iigesi ezinqabileyo, hydrogen, icarbon dioxide.

Njengoko la manani ukutshintsha, ukususela utshintsho lwemozulu kunye iingxaki abemi kulo mhlaba. Kuba efanelekileyo yobomi kwiimfuno iplanethi ulungelelwano lwamanani.

Lo moya uphinda unamalungu amaninzi, ezahluke iimpawu zazo. Ezona mpawu ziphambili esicacisa ukuba amaqondo obushushu kunye xi umaleko nganye. Ngenxa yoko, Ingaphandle ezinjalo neliqaqambileyo kwezi ekwakheni umoya:

• eziFihliweyo;
• stratosphere;
• ionosphere;
• mesosphere;
• thermosphere;
• exosphere.

Zonke Ingaphandle ezihambelanayo, kwaye sonke kufuneka banyamekele inzuzo ngayo ubomi emhlabeni. Imeko esibi enye geosphere ngokuyimfuneko kuchaphazela iimpawu kwezinye iindawo yaye ekugqibeleni lizama egxobhekile.