A ukubhobhoza nanonelela ubushushu: inkqubo ingenzeka alahlwayo kwenxenye

Obhobhozayo ubuso yinto ekubhobhozeni yombane okwenzeka inxalenye encinane ubushushu apho sombane amandla endle lingaphaya amandla kohlulwe eziphathekayo. Oko kunokuthi kwenzeke kwi imigodi ngaphakathi ubushushu oluqinileyo kumphezulu izinto zokwambathisa ngaphakathi amaqamza igesi usambathisa engamanzi.

Izizathu kokukhutshwa inxenye

Ngokutsho nkcazo eyamkelwe nemigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe, oko kuthiwa wokuqhuba kwenxenye yokumpompoza zombane ekuvaleni ohlala ke ubushushu phezu isabelo olwahlukileyo eso sakhiwo.

Le nkqubo lwenzeka ngenxa ionization igesi okanye Heating elulwelo kwaye kunokwenzeka kwi-interface phakathi eendaba ezimbini ngaphakathi usambathisa. Ukuvela yophuhliso ixhomekeke kuhlobo iimpawu Heating beemeko yenjongosenzi yodwa. okuchithwa nanonelela ubushushu na isiphumo phambi inhomogeneities kwi ngesakhiwo neempawu Heating le ombane osebenza kuyo. inhomogeneities basenokuba ukungcola ezahlukeneyo kunye nongcoliseko, angabi nemingxuma igesi, ummandla moistening. ezo ziphene akhiwa kulwakhiwo yokugquma, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuba ukuphazamiseka kwendlela inkqubo lokuveliswa kwaso yaye ngexesha nokusebenza izixhobo (phantsi kwempembelelo yoxinezeleko ngomatshini, uhlobo, ukungcangcazela).

Yintoni treeing kunye nokudaleka kulwakhiwo izinto zokwambathisa ezikhoyo

Le izinto zokwambathisa zangoku kukho ezikhandelwa isakhiwo umngxuma umthi - treeing. Amasebe ukuphuhlisa treeing okuchithwa buso. Phantsi yempembelelo ngombane intsimi kunye nokukutshelwa treeing ukunyuka kumlinganiselo kunye nobungakanani, ngalo ndlela kuphuculwe izinga ukuthotywa umbandela polymeric. I-luvo sibe conductivity ukwanda kwaye kungakhokelela intshabalalo ngcembe Heating.

Ekubeni ukwenzeka yokuchithwa nanonelela umntu sukube medium kufuna ombane ngaphantsi ukuba nefuthe ofanayo kulo mbandela langaphandle engamanzi okanye eqinileyo, ubukho ezo ziphene kwi ubushushu kunokuba nobangela Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ekuqaleni ukwaphuka mbandela. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba lweHo- ezele ngegesi, i electric amandla endle iphezulu kunaleyo inxalenye eqinileyo okanye ulwelo kunye namandla Heating le sukube umthombo ixabiso alithe gangqa iqhekeza usambathisa.

iintlobo treeing

imvelaphi treeing Electrical wabumba phezu sesichengeni AC ukubetha umbane, kwakunye amaxabiso ayo aphezulu kakhulu. Ukusebenza, ezi amaxabiso izixhobo musa ukuba uhlahlelo ekhawulezileyo yokugquma, kodwa kungabangela ionization ze gesi kwizitenxo. Ukuba isakhiwo zokufunda ayinkulwanga ngokwaneleyo ukuba ubungakanani nemingxuma, luvo angakhula ixesha elide kakhulu.

Ukubakho amaqamza ubungakanani landa kukhokelela yamanzi buso ngexesha ukusebenza intambo kwi ombane rated.

treeing Water abunjwe wadibana ukufuma ngaphakathi ubushushu ngu nokuhanjiswa ngokusebenzisa okanye microcracks kulo mbandela.

Ukuba ukufuma amafu kwi inclusions, luvo kwakheka, emva kokuba baqalise nokudaleka okukhawulezayo kunye nokukhula ngenxa inkangeleko imigodi ezongezelelweyo. Oku kukhokelela ekuncipheni ngamandla Heating kunye Ukuqhekeka intambo.

Izizathu eziphambili ezibangela ukuthotywa bodwa ziquka zombini ukuguga yombane ngenxa yamanzi buso zenzeka inclusions overvoltage kwi kwimo yokusebenza ngegama, kunye ukuguga thermal lo mbandela.

Phantsi yempembelelo inkqubo obhobhozayo kwenxenye iqala ukusilela ubushushu, ubungakanani ochaphazelekayo ndawo uchatha.

Iimeko ngenxa kukuvela yamanzi inxenye lixhomekeke imilo kagesi isakhiwo ubushushu entsimini kunye neempawu lombane umbandela ongundoqo ethile.

khupha Partial musa ngokuqhelekileyo kukhokelela ngenxa yokugquma nokwaphuka, kodwa kubangele utshintsho kubume Heating, kunye nenkqubo ngokwaneleyo elide yokusebenza kungabangela kukuqhawuka ngenxa umaleko usambathisa. ukubonakala kwazo isoloko kubonisa inhomogeneities Heating yasekuhlaleni. Iimpawu PD kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukuze sikwazi ukuba bagwebe iqondo ukungafezeki ubume ubushushu.

Le ngozi inkulu abawusondezayo ukuba izixhobo kunye AC kunye ombane ukubetha.

ophathekayo behamba iphiko buso bodwa

Nobushushu kukhokelela ubushushu ukukhawulezisa intshabalalo yayo ngokwandisa inani leendawo apho kukho iziphene ezintsha ekhokelela nokwanda kwenani kunye nomthamo luvo. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni imimoya endaweni yasendle.

Wokuqhuba ubuso zombane okukuchaphazela isiphumo yokwambathisa thermal, alitshabalalise amasuntswana zayo ityala kunye neemveliso iikhemikhali esebenzayo, njengoko ngenxa yokumpompoza.

Ukongeza, ngobhobhozo kwenxenye ebangela kokuvela nohlobo idaleka le imisinga ezidalwe ngabo kungena kwimijelo. Xa konke ukwaphuka ihamba radiation magnetic, amaza, ukukhanya kubaneka kunye sokonakalisa ubushushu kumgangatho eziphilayo.

okuchithwa Partial na unobangela umonakalo izixhobo aphezulu ombane. Isizathu kukuba imbonakalo yamanzi inxenye ke lokuqala nophuhliso kuninzi ziintsilelo yokugquma ophezulu ombane.

Ngenxa yezi nkqubo, iimeko ngenxa kukuvela usambathisa iyafa.

isigaba benza

Xa esingadlulanga zinamandla athile threshold ibekwe ukuya ubushushu ethile, mhlawumbi uzakwenziwa yi iphiko ubuso leyo musa kungakhokelela ngokukhawuleza itshileyo-yokugquma, ngoko kwamkeleka kakhulu. Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba - sokuqala.

Ngokubhekele phaya ukunyusa ombane, ukunyusa ubungakanani kunye nenani inclusions, phakathi treeing ngexesha ngaxeshanye zesixhobo, kukhokelela ekwandeni elibukhali yokumpompoza buso. imbonakalo yazo wehlisa ithuba lokugcinwa bohlukaniswe kwaye kungakhokelela ukuwa kwayo. Ezi amasuntswana kuthiwa ezibalulekileyo.

Isiphumo ziikhowudi kulwakhiwo kwezixhobo

Esinye izinto ezinkulu noshowo abaguquli kunye koomatshini zombane ke ubushushu le engathi. It ngokuqhubekekayo baboniswa izinto etshabalalisayo ezifana: neziphumo thermal ngenxa imisinga ukuvuza elide; eshukuma umthwalo ngenxa nokusebenza wesekethe otsalayo (sombane) kunye indlela drive (izithuthi zombane); imiphumo ukuhamba inrush yangoku mfutshane imisinga beesekethe.

Zonke ezi zinto kungakhokelela ekubeni umonakalo yokwambathisa imbonakalo kokukhutshwa buso. Iimoto zombane ngoyena nobangela uqhelekileyo ukungaphumeleli, kwaye kwindawo yesibini emva kokungena ukusilela sombane umonakalo ngenxa yomonakalo usambathisa jiko.

Yeyiphi kufuna imilinganiselo yamanzi

iinkqubo yesikali ezenzeka ngexesha yamanzi inxenye zenzeka kuyimfuneko ukuba babe nako ukukhusela ubushushu kwesimilo kunye nokuncipha ubuninzi ngamandla kwi izinto zokwambathisa ezikhoyo.

Ngokunxulumene nokusetyenziswa XLPE zikagesi kwi izakhiwo nezixhobo lwamandla, abaguquli aphezulu-ombane, imigca ezihamba, kufuneka ugcine rhoqo ulawulo PD, echaphazela ukhuseleko nokusebenza kwabo.

Uthintelo Ukwambathisa kwesimilo iindlela zovavanyo

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ahlole imeko izinto zokwambathisa ezikhoyo ngethuba umsebenzi okubona ezinjengokwaphuka ngokuphuhlisa nokuthintela iintsilelo ngengozi ngenxa yamanzi ubuso ngezinto zokusebenza.

Ukulawula iqondo iziphene yokugquma, kukho izixhobo ophezulu-ombane:

• test ombane aphezulu, okulingana ubukhulu indyebo yalo kunokwenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukumisela amaxabiso amandla Heating xa ukwanda idlule kwi ombane.
• iindlela zovavanyo Non-entshabalalo yokuqingqa ixesha zokuxhaphaza layo lwecebo.

Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba aqhube ukuxilongwa kwizixhobo akukhuthalele ngaphandle ukubonisa ubuchule kwenkonzo, yaye ngoko, ukushiyelwa ngaphandle ilahleko kwezoqoqosho.

Abakhoyo PD iindlela zokuxilonga uyakwazi ukubona unesiphene nisaqala lokuyiphuhlisa kunye, ngaloo ndlela, ukuthintela imali okanye ukukhutshwa kwezinto zokusebenza.

Ezinye iindlela ukuvumela ukuba zaziwe kwindawo onesiphene, kwaye kuya kuxhomekeka ukulungisa kuphela ezonakeleyo kufakwe le usambathisa.

Xa iimvavanyo izixhobo ombane aphezulu, umgangatho yokwambathisa kuguga ngenxa xi impembelelo kunene izihlandlo eziliqela amaxabiso zokusebenza.

iindlela zokuxilonga uzingela wokuqhuba kwenxenye kuvumela uqikelelo lichaneke kakhulu iqondo intsalela ucikizeko lwezi izixhobo ngaphandle unenye iintshukumo entshabalalo kwi usambathisa. Uxilongo lwe PD kwi ngokusebenza ilahleko kudla ngeenxa ku gqiba kuhlolwa na ezinye izixhobo ukuba umthombo uphazamiseko. Ezi zimpawu ayinaku ezahlukeneyo parameters ze iziganeko into efunekayo njengoko kusenokuba khupha inxenye kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, ngokuba eyahlula imiqondiso ziphazamisana kwaba ligazi ukumpompoza buso walinganisa, omnye kufuneka kuqala ukulinganisa iziganeko uphazamiseko ngaphandle igunya phezu uvavanyo into, uze wenze yomlinganiselo ngalo msebenzi.

Kulo mzekelo iziganeko ziya kurekhodwa isixa yencindi buso kunye nemvelaphi.

Umahluko phakathi iziphumo zezi imilinganiselo kubonisa ixabiso umqondiso obhobhozayo buso.

Uphawu wafumana ivumela ukuvavanya uhlobo iziphene kunye nokukhutshwa ngokwayo.

indlela PD na umonakalo yokwambathisa lisetyenziswa kuba akukho nto ukusebenzisa ombane ephakamileyo, nefuthe elibi zokwambathisa kwinkqubo yokuqinisekiswa.

indlela benza Electric

Indlela ifuna ubukho izixhobo kunye usambathisa kumfowunelwa.

It ivumela ukuchaza inani elikhulu iimpawu obhobhozayo buso.

Le yeyona ndlela echanekileyo kuzo zonke iindlela zokulinganisa okuchithwa buso.

indlela Ipha ive

Le ndlela isekelwe phezu ukusetyenziswa kombhobho ofumana imiqondiso isandi izixhobo zokusebenza.

Izixhobo ezifakwe kwi sokuvula nokucima entsonkothileyo kunye nezinye izixhobo namandla kwaye basebenze kude.

Ububi: khupha inxenye izixa ezincinane ayikalungiswa.

indlela magnetic okanye ekude

Efumanise obhobhozayo kwenxenye usebenzisa indlela ezitsho microwave yinkqubo elula nangokufanelekileyo. Ukulungiselela le njongo directivity isixhobo eriyali.

Engxakini kule ndlela - ekungakwazini ukulinganisa amaxabiso ziikhowudi.

Okukodwa yamanzi e abaguquli

abaguquli amandla nabanamandla amaqhekeza iigridi kunye endhawini yayo olubekwe izixhobo ombane aphezulu, apho uya khona okuchithwa buso. Imiyalezo evela kwezi iindlela ezahlukeneyo zifika transformer kolawulo.

Xa udityanisiwe kwi imigca sombane ezihamba obala Umbane, imiyalezo evela kuzo ziya kubhalwa inomlinganiselo iimpawu yokumpompoza nanonelela usambathisa transformer.

Xa ukufumana kwizikhululo sombane kwindawo evulekileyo, kumalungu ayo lwangaphandle conductive abantu ngamaxesha athile, ngokuxhomekeke ubushushu, ukufuma kunye neminye imiba, khupha corona kwenzeka.

Ukutshintsha umthwalo kunye nobukho abaguquli izixhobo ezilawula parameters zabo ngexesha lokusebenza, umzekelo, izixhobo elawula umthwalo umsebenzi ibangela utshintsho iimpawu obhobhozayo buso, nto leyo ukunciphisa okanye ukwandisa.

Zonke ezi zinto kukhokelela kukuba uninzi imilinganiselo abaguquli Ungabonisa umfanekiso wazo imeko usambathisa.

Yokufundwa zithathwa uvavanyo sombane iza pulses yengxolo yezixhobo ezikufutshane.

Kwiimeko ezinjalo kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ufanise ngokuchanekileyo indlela womlinganiselo ukuphelisa impembelelo yengxolo phezu data afunyenwe yamanzi nanonelela abaguquli.