Aluminiyamu metal

Metal aluminiyamu ziinkqubo ngamanzi okanye ijiye. Bona akhiwa alloying izinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Qhagamshela iintsimbi nayo ezahlukeneyo. gama ekuqaleni kucacisiwe ekubhekiselwe kuphela izinto kokuba iimpawu zalo. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo kubuchwepheshe kunye nenkcazo physics landiswa kakhulu kwaye isasazeka.

Isinyithi kunye aluminiyamu netyhidiweyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenziweni izixhobo zokwakha, oomatshini, izixhobo kunye nezinye izinto. Nangona ucalucalulo lusasazeke ngokungenamkhethe eliphezulu kwimveliso kudala zenza, imveliso yezinto ngentla badla zenza isiseko yoyilo, kunye neengcali ukuqikelela ukuba kwixesha elizayo, uya kubagcina izikhundla zabo.

umhlaba obrak kwealkali zesinyithi (K, Na, Ca, Li) ukwimeko free ezisetyenziswa reactor zenyukliya njenge metal ulwelo. Sodium isetyenziswa njengesixhobo ekwenziweni irabha, Lithium - nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngendlela, iikhompawundi ayisindi aluminium olomeleleyo. Zisetyenziswa-moya.

Izinyithi (base isinyithi) zifumaneka ngokwemvelo kule neetyuwa, oxides kunye nezentsimbi ekrwada. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ekwimo esulungekileyo ngokwendalo Izakhi iikhemikhali zizinze (Au, Pt, Cu, Ag). Phakathi izinto evulekileyo kwi Periodic Mendeleyev System asixhenxe anesithandathu zibhekisa zesinyithi, Si, Se, uGenubhati, Te , Njengokuba - kumalungu oluphakathi phakathi kwe isinyithi kunye nonmetals, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa, kunye semimetals.

Iimathiriyeli zentsimbi zihlelwe ibe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu. Eyokuqala i intsimbi kunye aluminium zayo (intsimbi kunye intsimbi), ukuya wesibini - izinyithi nonferrous kunye aluminiyamu metal nonferrous. Nevuthisayo ngexesha ke, yahlulwe yaba:

- ukukhanya (ukuxinana ukuya ku-5 grams / cm3);

- enzima (mninzi lingaphezulu kwe-10 grams / cm3);

- fusible (kunye kwindawo ukunyibilika ukusuka degrees 232 ukuya 410);

- eliyinjubaqa (ubushushu ukunyibilika obungaphezu intsimbi);

- Noble (ukuba nokumelana phezulu).

Iintsimbi babe iipropati ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, mercury ngumkhenkce phantsi kweempembelelo lobushushu Degrees 38,8, Tungsten, ekwaziyo withstanding iqondo lobushushu yokusebenza ukuya ku-2000 degrees, isodiyam, lithium, potassium elula ngaphezu kwamanzi, kunye osmium kunye iridium nzima ngaphezu lithium izihlandlo ezimashumi mane anambini. Phantse zonke aluminiyamu yesinyithi abe neempawu ezo zichazwa isakhiwo kunye nokwakhiwa yikhompawundi ngokungqinelana neemeko ukupholisa kunye Ukuqinisa, unyango ngoomatshini kunye thermal. Ukupholisa okanye ukufudumeza igalelo kutshintsha isakhiwo iikhompawundi yesinyithi. Oku, unefuthe iimpawu ezibonakalayo, mechanical nemichiza, ukuziphatha umbandela ngexesha processing kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Iingcali bakhangele iimpawu zilandelayo jikelele zesinyithi kunye aluminium:

1. conductivity High thermal.
2. ductility Ukwandiswa.
3. Unikezelo lombane High.
4. lobushushu ezincumisayo parameter yenkcaso yombane. Le ratio limele ukwanda ukumelana ne lobushushu okwandayo, yaye amaqondo kufutshane zero ingundoqo - esebenzayo izinto zalo ezininzi.
5. reflectivity High. Iimathiriyeli zentsimbi bengengabo ngaphaya kwaye abe ebuntsimbi ayenechaphothi isici.
6. wokunciphisa Thermionic - ukukwazi ayikhuphi electron xa itshiswe.
7. Kule okuqinileyo karhulumente crystal isakhiwo.

Ukuze ukuchonga uqinisekise iimpawu eziye aluminiyamu yesinyithi, iingcali basebenzisa iindlela ngeendlela zokulawula, kuquka yingozi. Ngoko ke, izinto ebuntsimbi avavanyelwe plasticity, amandla, ukumelana ubushushu, kunye ukuxhathisa umhlwa. Ngelo xesha linye ukusebenzisa iindlela zolawulo non-yingozi. Ezi ziquka kumetwa owahluke ngokwemvelo, enombala, iimpawu zombane, isalathiso yobulukhuni nokuzimisela.