Imikhosi Conservative njenge ideology yezopolitiko

Imvelaphi conservatism njenge ideology yezopolitiko bathiwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII. Oku akumangalisi, ukuba ujonge imbali eli thuba ngokubhekiselele kuphuhliso lwentlalo. I-Industrial Revolution, eyaqala ngaphezu kwekhulu eyadlulayo, iye yakhokelela ekubeni iinguqu ezinkulu kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho kunye nohlelo lwezentlalo. Apha esinayo engqondweni, okokuqala, ukwakhiwa nokuphuhliswa nobuhlobo nkulu olusekelwe kurhwebo kunye nokhuphiswano, yaye okwesibini, yokwanda ukuntsonkotha ezithile ngokwezinga yoluntu: ukuvela iindidi ezinjalo kuyo, oohlohlesakhe kunye nabasebenzi. Inkqubo endala feudal of ekufuyeni ukuba uyafa, kunye yafa ukubaluleka kwalo. Endaweni yabo iingcamango ezintsha, ephuhliswe ikakhulu iinkcuba bamaxesha mihla: John Locke, uJean-Jacques Rousseau, uThomas Hobbes, uCharles uMontesquieu kunye nabanye.

The French Revolution kunye nemikhosi ngendeb '

Enyanisweni, lo mcimbi liye laba liphezulu olululo ubuncinane yophuhliso kwimbali Europe. Ekuqaleni liphumeze ingcamango French ekukhanyiseleni semthethweni kwimvukelo yabantu nxamnye "abantu ababi" kumkani. Uchazo owokugqibela ekugqibeleni wayeka ukuba inviolable. I-revolution waba umzekelo zonke ezinye kwizizwe zeli lizwekazi kunye wamnika ekuqaleni ukuya ukuyilwa zomphakathi yesizwe. Nangona kunjalo, i-French Revolution waba kakhulu amaphepha mnyama kwimbali yawo. Okokuqala, oko Terror Robespierre kaThixo. Impendulo ingcinezelo abaninzi baba umsebenzi odumileyo eliNgesi Edmund Burke. In "Reflections on the Revolution eFransi" yakhe, wakugxininisa phezu uthabatha kunye zamasikizi ukuba kuye kwaziswa ngabantu abaninzi ngelo xesha. Yiyo le ncwadana kwaye ekuqaleni conservatism njenge ntsingiselo kweyabo inikeza ukuxhathisa engazimisele azilawule benkululeko. Ngexesha XIX kunye XX leminyaka, ngokuyinxenye, wafumana isiseko enkulu yeengcingane iziseko zawo ezisisiseko.

Imiba ephambili flow

Eneneni, ingcamango "conservatism" lisuka kwigama lesiLatini "converso" - balondoloze. imikhosi emithethweni yaye uya kumela ekulondolozweni yendalo ukuze zemveli kunye zentsulungeko: kwezentlalo, ezopolitiko kunye ngokomoya. Ngoko, kule nkqubo lwasekhaya yaye yaxhasa izithethe zentlalo. Le inkcubeko lesizwe, izwe, elasekwa kwiinkulungwane yokuziphatha, igunya umdla woluntu ngenxa zobuqu, isikhundla onamandla namaziko emveli, afana iintsapho, izikolo, iicawe, ekuqhubekekeni yophuhliso lwentlalo (ukuba, enyanisweni, ukugcinwa nezithethe). Umsebenzi imikhosi angqingqwa-nkqubo yangaphandle lubandakanya ubhejo kwi ekudalweni siqinile, eyakhelwe inkqubo oluneqela elinegunya. Iyakwamkela uphuhliso ephambili amandla wamajoni lizwe, ukusetyenziswa amandla kobudlelane ngamazwe, ukugcinwa imibutho ngokwembali zemveli, into yokuZenzekelayo in kurhwebo lwangaphandle.

neoconservatism

umyalelo omtsha imikhosi angqingqwa ezimbini ukuyamkela ingcamango imfuneko yophuhliso. Noko ke, wakhetha yotshintsho aqaphele ngenyameko ubungqina. Imizekelo amalungu-nkqubo onjalo abe US uRonald Reagan kunye British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.

imikhosi emithethweni and non-ngendeb '

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba conservatism yiseti ethile imisinga ezopolitiko. Umzekelo, Fascism - oko kwakhona kakhulu endala ukuba, ukuba intliziyo kwamandla karhulumente kunye nobukhulu. umdlali Conservative upha uluhlu lokungena nokuphuma kwezinye ngasekhohlo nangasekunene: benkululeko, ngokuchasene kunye acacisa kanye imikhosi 'endala, SOC, amaKomanisi njalo njalo.