Izithili isininzi. LamaLungu. inkqubo Majoritarian yokhetho

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kunyulo - yemini ummi. Nje ukuba bangaphi kubo baqonde ukuba, eneneni, ngawo lo mzuzu ntoni? Apha ungenza ngenene uchazele abahlobo bakho ukuba yintoni uninzi kwizithili? Kunokuba yahlukile kwezinye kwaye wonder kutheni ukuze ebizwa? Makhe uzame ukuqonda. Kuba baninzi iya kuza sibe luncedo kwixesha elilandelayo kuya kufuneka uye kwisikhululo yokuvotela. Kunjalo, kufuneka siqonde inkqubo apho inxaxheba, ukuba lujoyine abo basebenzisa i "iimfama".

yokhetho

Ngaphandle kolu luvo akaqondi. Ngapha koko, uninzi kwizithili yinxalenye yalo. Isixokelelwano sonyulo yindlela umthetho esiqingqiweyo se inkqubo intando abemi. Yonke lento ibhalwe ngokucacileyo kwaye ipeyintwe. Amalungu, iinkqubo, iindlela ayinakutshintshwa ngumthetho ekhethekileyo (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu). Ukuquka amaxwebhu sizimisele kunye nobuchwepheshe yonyulo. Oku kuquka inkqubo ngeendlela, indlela, iindlela umbutho, yokuvakalisa izimvo. Zontathu ezi technologies: leevoti, ephikisanayo kunye uninzi. Kwimeko yethu sisebenzisa yokugqibela. Kule wabavoti luhlobo inkqubo unit yonyulo indawo. Babelana ukuba intsimi leyo, ngokungqinelana nomthetho, zibanjwa ukhetho. Umzekelo, ukuba ipalamente ibunjiwe, okwilizwe kulo lonke nommandla wayo, njalo-njalo.

Le nkqubo Uninzi

Olu hlobo inkqubo yonyulo yeyona indala. I engaqhelekanga kakhulu abaninzi, eli gama livela kwigama French «majorite» Liguqulelwe njenge "uninzi". Ukusuka apha ngokulula ukugqiba ngelithi kuthetha uninzi kwizithili. Nguwo lo ummandla apho abo abaviwa abonyuliweyo wakwazi ukufumana sisininzi seevoti. Kuphela oko kuyayonakalisa bonke. Loo "kakhulu" ichazwa ngumthetho, kwimeko nganye ngokwahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kukho iinkqubo apho ophumeleleyo ngulowo okwacaca ukuba i "lokuqala" emva kokuba ukubalwa. Ibizwa inkqubo isininzi epheleleyo. Kulo mzekelo, wabavoti ezibandakanywe kwizithili isininzi, wamkela incwadana apho kufuneka ukuba ufake itshekhi enye kuphela. Umviwa leyo ebangele kukuthenjwa isininzi seevoti lilo eliphumeleleyo.

Okunye system majoritarian

Kumazwe amaninzi uya kuhluthwa ngokwale mgaqo. Ungatsalela umnxeba i-United States kunye United Kingdom, Canada kunye neFransi, iRashiya neUkraine. Kwisahluko yokugqibela amabhunga lali, umzekelo, banyulwa ngokungqinelana umgaqo uninzi isalamane. Oku kwahluke kakhulu ukusuka ngentla. Lo mthetho ngayo uRhulumente sele ligqibe ukuba ngaphezu fair. Yiyo ke loo nto, xa uninzi yezithili kwakhiwa, kuquka inani elithile labavoti.

Wonke, Kakade ke, izimvo zabo. Ukuba ubalo lwenziwa kwinkqubo elililo, lowo uphumeleleyo na omnye ezona voti zininzi arithmetically. Kodwa kucingwa ukuba ubulungisa, enyanisweni ukuze ukhethe inxenye encinane labavoti. Xa ubalo lwenziwa ngokungqinelana nenkqubo isizalwane, lowo uphumeleleyo ngulowo oya kuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senani leevoti ezikhoyo. Oku kubalulekile, kuba eneneni lo angenele iye wavakalisa inxalenye ebalulekileyo labavoti. Ukongeza, kulwabiwo inkqubo uninzi le uninzi abafanelekayo.

Ubuhle lobubi

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa ngokuvula wokhetho, zithathelwa ingqalelo izinto ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, zidla indawo zokuhlala, labemi, inani lezihlalo kunye nabanye. Kukholelwa ukuba uninzi yesithili yonyulo - oku ke element elivumelana siseko wedemokhrasi. Wonke ummi ithuba kuphela inxaxheba ibinzana yokuthanda, kodwa kwakhona 'ukuba ndiviwe. " ilizwi lakhe inene, iya kuchaphazela isiphumo senkqubo. Ukongeza, isenzo eyodwa kwiPalamente imisela iimeko ezizodwa. Ezi kungaba: ugxudululu okanye ukubala nkqubo. Ezi bokuqonda zibonakala bengabalulekanga ukuya uninitiated. Noko ke, bona kakhulu kuchaphazela iziphumo intando abemi nobunye kwizithili majority lonyulo. Phakathi ukushiyeka abonisa ukuhla inxaxheba abantu lokuvota yesibini. Cinga iinkcukacha.

revote

Isiphumo xa inkqubo uninzi akusoloko yokugqibela emva kokuba kumjikelo wokuqala. UMthetho phantsi apho ukuthanda kuliwa, limisela iinqobo zovavanyo abaphumelele isaziso. Ukuba kuvela emva kokuba ukubalwa kweevoti, ukuze ndingahlelwa nanye yezo abaviwa engahluthisiyo kubo, khona apho kuya kubakho olunye unyulo. izithili isininzi ngexesha elinye kuhlala injalo. Utshintsho lwenziwe kuluhlu umviwa lowo. Masithathe umzekelo efanayo unyulo iintloko emaphandleni Ukraine. Ukuba akukho nalunye lwezi abaviwa abayiqokeleleyo isiqingatha lweevoti, ngoko abo aphuma iinkokheli "ezimbini" bakhuphisane. Oku kubandakanya enye ivoti.

Le nkqubo Australian

unyulo Majoritarian ingenziwa ngeendlela yinqobo kuye. E Australia, umzekelo, i-mthetho ifumene indlela kude Phinda nokuvota. Kukho ubale lwenziwa ngenxa yokuba uninzi ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa abavoti banelungelo ukucacisa eziluncedo ezongezelelweyo abaviwa ezithile. Yinto elula. Kwimeko apho kukho uninzi ingundoqo akukho namnye ithinta kwixesha lokuqala, uluhlu alahlele yokugqibela, uze ukwenza ibali. Ngoko ke kusebenza logama nje ichonge umgqatswa idibana ngokupheleleyo iimfuno abhalwa emthethweni. Kubonakala ukuba nkqu nemeko enzima, akukho mfuneko ukutsala ukuvota imvume kwakhona. Nganye, njengokuba kunjalo, kwangaphambili yonke iminqweno yabo malunga ophumeleleyo (kwizinto). Uyavuma, le nkqubo yedemokhrasi ngaphezu kwesinye apho babale ngokwesininzi epheleleyo.

Uluhlu labaviwa kwizithili isininzi

Okubhalisa, Kakade ke, abanomdla hayi kwinkqubo amanqaku, yaye ke ngoko, ukuba umntu ukuze ilizwi. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, kufuneka usenalo ingcinga yokuba mthetho, nto leyo ichaza kakuhle eli myolelo. Xa inkqubo elula, kufuneka ukuba ivoti yakho somviwa omnye (tick). In ezinokuntsonkotha - ngakumbi eziphambili kuboniswe. Ukongeza, kukho izithili multi-ilungu.

Bona uluhlu inani elincinane labaviwa wena, yaye kontanga. Bona zimelwe izintlu zamaqela. Zonke ezi bokuqonda kufuneka wazi ngaphambi kwexesha, phambi kokuba ukuya kwisiza. In lwalo kakhulu jikelele, iirejista umviwa engqinelanayo umsebenzi. Kwakhona Ulobumba okuvota, ezidweliswe bonke abo badlula ukhetho, ngaphandle kokuba amaxwebhu njalo njalo. Le nkqubo ayikho elula. Kodwa umvoti ifumana uluhlu esandleni-yeendaba, eqinisekile ngokuthobela ngokupheleleyo kunye nemithetho yangoku.

Abanye ukubala bokuqonda

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umthetho qho baphuculwa ukuze ukwandisa izinga lwentando yesininzi. Ivoti lommi ngamnye kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ngoko ke, zonke iintlobo kujonge azimisele. Ngokomzekelo, xa ubala kubhalwa njenge inani leevoti kunye ngokwenani labavoti. Enye iseti zokuvota. Loo mthetho ekhoyo kumazwe amaninzi imithetho elawula unyulo ngumongameli welizwe. Ngoko ke, lo vo wathi esebenzayo, xa wathabatha inxaxheba ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini yabavoti (50% kunye nevoti enye).