Amachaphaza quantum

Ukuze ufumane uluvo jikelele iimpawu izinto eziphathekayo kunye nemithetho ngokwendlela apho "ubomi" eqhelekileyo kubantu bonke macrocosm, kungekhona ukugqiba eyunivesithi, ngokuba umntu lifumana yonke imihla kunye ekubonakalisweni zabo. Nangona kwiminyaka yakutshanje baye ngakumbi wabhekisela siseko ukufana, ogama abaxhasi athi yokusila kunye macrocosm ziyafana kakhulu, kunjalo, umahluko lisekhona. Oku obonakala ingakumbi ubukhulu ezincinane kakhulu ngemizimba izinto. amachaphaza Quantum, maxa wambi nanodots obizwa ngokuba ixesha imele enye yezi meko.

ngocwangco olufana noluqhutywa

Masikhumbule-atom isixhobo zakudala, umzekelo, hydrogen. Oku kuquka i core, apho ngenxa yobukho apho kukho Proton kakuhle icala a plus- kagesi, ngamanye +1 (ukusukela hydrogen - isiqalelo lokuqala lwezakhi). Ngokufanelekileyo, umgama elithile ukusuka olungundoqo electron (-1), kusekwe iqokobhe electron. Licacile elokuba, ukuba ukwandisa ixabiso yoyalo enyukliya, oku kuza kubandakanya uqhagamshelwano lwe elektroni amatsha (ukukhumbula iyonke ngombane atom cala).

Umgama phakathi electron nganye yaye kwasekwa uzimisele kumanqanaba amandla ngamasuntswana kakubi ityala. orbit ngalinye rhoqo, uqwalaselo elipheleleyo kwisuntswana limisela umbandela. Elektroni ungatsiba ukusuka orbit enye ukuya kwenye ukunciphisa amandla okanye yokukhululwa photons ye ezineqondo ethile. Xa omise angaphandle aba elektroni kunye inqanaba amandla eliphezulu. Yintoni umdla kukuba, loo photon ngokwayo kwimiboniso indalo mbini, sizimisele ngexesha elinye ilungu massless kunye radiation electromagnetic.

ngokoMthetho

Igama elithi "photon" imvelaphi lesiGrike, lithetha "yamasuntswana ukukhanya". Ngoko ke, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba kutshintshwe electron emzileni wawo, oko ethintela (highlights) umyinge wemali ukukhanya. Kule meko kufanelekile ukucacisa intsingiselo elinye igama - "umyinge". Enyanisweni, akukho lula. Eli gama livela kwisiLatini «quantum», igama elithetha ixabiso elincinane nawuphi umyinge emzimbeni (apha - radiation). Nanku umzekelo ukuba umyinge: ukuba umlinganiselo omyinge ubunzima zezona milligrams incinane ayahlukahlukenanga, oko kubizwa ngokuba. Oko kuchazwe nje igama ebonakala inzima.

amachaphaza kwenani: ukucaciswa

Amaninzi kwiincwadi ukwazi ukuhlangabezana nkcazo ilandelayo malunga nanodots - kukuba isuntswana elincinane kakhulu nawuphi na umbandela, ogama imilinganiselo inokuthelekiseka ubukhulu electron kwamaza obuphumayo (uluhlu olupheleleyo iquka uluhlu neenanometer 1 ukuya kwi-10). Ngaphakathi kuyo ixabiso le lamandla kweyunithi kwentlawulo yenethiwekhi ezimbi mncinci kuno ngaphandle, ngoko Electron ukushenxiswa ntweni.

Noko ke, igama elithi "amachaphaza quantum 'ukuze kuchazwe ngenye indlela. An electron elithe ako a photon, "lisemandleni 'ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu amandla, kwaye endaweni yayo ezikhandelwa" ukunqongophala "- ekuthiwa-umngxuma. Ngako oko, xa electron uba isigxina -1, i +1 umngxuma. Kwiinzame ukubuyela imeko ezinzileyo edlulileyo, electron ikhala ngendlela photon. abathwali ophethe Unxibelelwano "-" yaye "+" kule meko ngokuba exciton, kwaye yemvelo ibhekisela njenge yamasuntswana. ubukhulu yayo ixhomekeke kwinqanaba lwamandla wendele (orbit ngaphezulu). amachaphaza Quantum ngco la masuntswana. Amaza amandla electron ekhutshwa ixhomekeke ngqo kubungakanani isuntswana izinto kunye excitons. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isiseko imibala esweni kwabantu ukukhanya yahlukile amandla photon. umbala nganye kumaza athile kwimitha electromagnetic.