Amandla womxhuzulane: iimpawu kunye nokubaluleka practical

XVI - kwekhulu XVII, abaninzi walibiza elona xesha lakha lamnandi kwimbali ye physics. Oko ngeli xesha becala wazibeka iziseko, ngaphandle apho uphuhliso kwakhona kwale nzululwazi bekuya kuba nje lee. UCopernicus, uGalileo, Kepler wenza umsebenzi omkhulu ukuze athi malunga physics njenge inzululwazi ukuba ukuphendula phantse nayiphi na imibuzo. Alone ezilandelanayo yonke obafunyanwa ezixabisa umthetho womxhuzulane, amazwi yokugqibela eyeye-nzulu abadumileyo IsiNgesi Isaac Newton.

Ixabiso engundoqo umsebenzi izazinzulu alukho kokufunyanwa amandla omxhuzulane - ubukho abangaka lilodwa phambi Newton wathi, kunye uGalileo, kunye Kepler, nokuba waba ngowokuqala ukungqina ukuba ihlabathi, yaye ukwabelana ngomsebenzi kwisithuba ongaphandle umkhosi intsebenziswano phakathi imizimba.

Newton kuqinisekiswe practice kwaye isondlo esivakalayo kukuba ngokupheleleyo zonke izidumbu kwindalo iphela, kuquka ezo phezu komhlaba, banxibelelane nabanye. Le intsebenziswano uye wabizwa womxhuzulane, lo gama inkqubo gravitation jikelele - gravitation.
Le intsebenziswano kwenzeka phakathi izidumbu ngenxa yokuba kukho okhethekileyo, ngokungafaniyo naluphi na olunye uhlobo mba, nto leyo inzululwazi kuthiwa intsimi omxhuzulane. Le endle likhona kwaye isebenza ngokupheleleyo macala nayiphi na into, kunye ayisekho akukho ukhuseleko ngokuchasene nayo, njengokuba iye nto njengaye nawuphi na ubuchule ndzulu eziphathekayo.

Amandla womxhuzulane, le nkcazo kunye namagama leyo wamnika Isaak Nyuton, ngumsebenzi ngqo imveliso nobunzima imizimba lokunxibelelana, kunye nobukhulu ngokomlinganiselo isikweri izinto kumgama mezhduetimi. Ngokutsho Newton, ngokungenakuphikiswa kungqinwe uphando lweprakhtikhali, makuthathwe la mandla womxhuzulane imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

F = Mm / R2.

Ku fanele ukuba ixabiso olukhethekeliyo G omxhuzulane rhoqo, nto leyo malunga ilingana 6.67 * 10-11 (N * m2) / kg2.

Amandla womxhuzulane ngalo izidumbu ababetsaleleke Umhlaba, icala ekhethekileyo yomthetho Newton bukaThixo ibizwa ngokuba womxhuzulane. Kulo mzekelo, njalo omxhuzulane kunye nobunzima Umhlaba ngokwawo nga nokungahoywa, ngoko womxhuzulane ukufumana yokubala iya kuba:

F = mg.

Apha, g - nje kukukhawuleziswa sokuwa simahla, ixabiso lenani esimalunga ilingana no 9.8 m / s2.

umthetho Newton licacisa kuphela iinkqubo ezithi zenzeke ngqo emhlabeni, unikela impendulo imibuzo emininzi enxulumene isixhobo yonke inkqubo elanga. Ngokukodwa, amandla gravitation phakathi imizimba yasezulwini inefuthe tsotsololo intshukumo iiplanethi kwindawo yazo zabo. Inkcazelo theoretical lo mbutho sele inikwe kodwa ngu Kepler, kodwa ukufunda kwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba Newton yaqulunqa umthetho yakhe edumileyo.

Newton ngokwakhe efanisa isenzeko womxhuzulane eziphila kunye komhlaba usebenzisa umzekelo olula: xa ephuma kernel shaka akuthethi ziqonda, kwaye kukho indlela arcuate. Kulo mzekelo, ngokwandisa isigxina kwazo kunye ubunzima ngumongo iya kuba ngabokugqibela ukubhabha udeske. Ekugqibeleni, xa sicingela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kangaka kwazo kunye ukwakha kunaso ukuze ezingundoqo yabhabha ehlabathini lonke, ukuba ngokwenza eli nyathelo, akuyi kuyeka kwaye ziya kuqhubeka setyhula intshukumo yayo (okweqanda), ijikwe ibe ngumntu yisathelayithi yehlabathi. Ngenxa yoko, amandla womxhuzulane iyafana ngokwendalo emhlabeni emajukujukwini.