Order kunye neendlela nokukhusela amalungelo oluntu

Indoda leyo iqumrhu elisemthethweni uyakwazi ukuze ube nokukhusela amalungelo abo - kwezopolitiko, kakade, yoluntu, - ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza. Njengoko amaxwebhu ngamazwe, kuquka Declaration of UN Human Rights kwakunye wesizwe - oko kukuthi, umgaqo-siseko kunye nemithetho kumazwe awahlukeneyo kwenkqubo - ukubonelela ithuba kwaye yilungise ngokusemthethweni. ERashiya, kanye ingqiqo neendlela ukhuselo lwamalungelo oluntu kwizifundo ngamalungelo zicaciswa gca kwi-Code Civil. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo - lithuba ngokuthatha amanyathelo omthetho, ngaphandle kokuba umntu ogunyazisiweyo ukuba ukubuyisela amalungelo akhe okanye lanyhashwa okanye amalungelo ichaswa. Isifundo kwisenzo wokhuseleko, kulo mzekelo, badlula amalungelo oluntu kunye nomdla akhuselwe ngumthetho.

Ngoko ke, iifom ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela nokukhusela amalungelo oluntu. iintlobo zokhuseleko (kunye neyurisdiktsionnaya kwiphondo) - iseti amanyathelo nemvisiswano nezomthetho eyenzelwe ukukhusela amalungelo zobuqu kunye neemfuno. Xa ifomu esemthethweni zigunyaziswe imizimba karhulumente, apho umntu omalungelo akhe athe anyhashwa, sicela ukhuseleko (umzekelo, abasemagunyeni kuya kufuneka angenise isikhalazo yolawulo okanye isibheno enkundleni). Xa ifomu neyurisdiktsionnoy abemi kunye nemibutho senze ngokuzimeleyo ekhusela amalungelo okuzikhethela, yaye musa ukufuna uncedo okanye amagunya okanye urhulumente wengingqi, yaye inamathele ukuzikhusela ngokwabo okanye ukusebenza wedwa. Kodwa neyurisdiktsionnaya uhlobo ukhuseleko kufuneka lugunyaziswe zakondatelno.

Iindlela ukukhusela amalungelo oluntu - yamkelwe ngumthetho okanye kugunyaziswe amanyathelo umthetho lomthetho substantive, bephethe umlinganiswa enyanzelekileyo ngokunxulumene nomoni, ngalo wayibuyisela amalungelo badlwengulwe. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo okanye indlela ukubuyisela indlela amalungelo yephule ahluka: ukuphelisa zokuphula umthetho, ukubuyiselwa (okt ukuqondwa) amalungelo kunye nembuyiselo iilahleko eziye zazibangelwa ukwaphulwa okunjalo.

I-Code Civil unalo inqaku okhethekileyo 12 abekelwe lo mba, yaye idwelisa iindlela elinanye ezahlukeneyo ukuphumeza le khuselo. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba ukulwela amalungelo abo kuphela njengoko kuchaziwe kweli nqaku. Ngoko ke, kukho iindlela ukukhusela amalungelo oluntu, afana nelungelo ebenokuyityeshela sisifundo esithile, okanye isenzo esikhutshwe karhulumente okanye enye igunya (government umz wasekhaya). ziyaqaliswa Ezi iindlela ezimbini yokhuseleko kuphela enkundleni, kodwa ityala yesibini kuphela, ilungelo lokuba umngeni enkundleni okanye kwiziko (entity), ogama amalungelo athe anyhashwa ngenxa upapasho kweso senzo. It uveza oku yenye indlela ukukhusela amalungelo, ezizezi non-ukusetyenziswa inkundla echasene nomthetho okanye isenzo yoxwebhu, apho sikhutshwe ngugunyaziwe yoluntu okanye igunya self-government. Le ndlela isebenza kwimimiselo zombini, kunye nezenzo zomntu ngamnye ngokusemthethweni kula maziko.

Kukho iindlela ukukhusela amalungelo ezinjalo, ezo akunyanzelekanga ukuba abanaluncedo kwi ezinkundleni kwaye babuyiselwe violator ngokuzithandela okanye self-yokuzikhusela. Ngokomzekelo, xa nayiphi intengiselwano imbala, kwaye neziphumo zalo ukuthathelwa ingqalelo zisetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo practice. Okanye xa kubuyiselwa imeko apho yayikhona phambi ilungelo ligxojiwe; xa zicinezelwa ngezenzo ezisongela ukufezekiswa kwelungelo , okanye aphuke ngayo. umthetho Civil ubonelela kwiimeko ezithile, zindlela ukukhusela amalungelo abantu, njengokuba yokuzikhusela okanye isigqibo umoni ukubuyisela ngokuzithandela amalungelo badlwengulwe. Kusenokuba imbuyekezo ngokuzithandela ilahleko ngohlobo imbuyekezo ngemali; okanye imbuyekezo izohlwayo nezivumelwano okanye woburhulumente (ezinokuthi kunikwa mhlawumbi ngokuzithandela okanye ngenxa isigqibo senkundla). Kodwa ke ibhaso inzaliseko izibophelelo, imbuyiselo ngenxa yomonakalo yokuziphatha, ukupheliswa okanye utshintsho provootnosheny zezona ntlobo okubuyiswa amalungelo yephule yoluntu, nto leyo baqaphela kuphela isibheno enkundleni, oko kukuthi, ngendlela kwiphondo.