Yintoni esikule luvo

inyama luvo (NT) uthathwa ukuba isakhi-nervous system, sasivela ebuchotsheni kunye nesiphelo kwalapho. Xa siqwalasela isakhiwo esiqwini-luvo, ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukuba iqulathe iiseli zemithambo-luvo ekuthiwa luvo ezinxulumene iiseli isincedisi (neiroglii), kwaye ukusukela imicu kunye neziphelo kulo ikwaquka imithambo yegazi kunye zomzimba nokuqina.

Ivela njenge evela ectoderm, NT zenza central system luvo. It iiseli ziqokelelwa ngokwamaqela, ngaloo ndlela, kukho umcimbi hina, imicu ziqokelelwe ube zizithungu, wakha eqinileyo emhlophe.

inyama luvo luphawulwa Uhanjiso kunye ukucaphuka. Ngoko nghena iiseli uvuselelo senziwa similise pulses, neya kwenziwa kuloo maziko efanelekileyo, iithishu okanye izihlunu. Iiseli inkqubo ht nokugcina ulwazi, kwaye uyibuyise kusuka memory xa kuyimfuneko.

A neuron iquka nucleus bayo kukho icytoplasm ezingqongileyo (perikaryon), apho mitochondria, ribosomes, golgi complex, njl Nissl kweziyobisi. Aphambuke kuyo luphinde ludubuleke, apho zimelwe iintlobo ezimbini.

1.Dendridy - phezu kwabo isantya idluliselwa emzimbeni iseli. Zinelungelo ubude 0.2 microns.

2. neurite (Umzobo wesi) - ukubetha kwayo ikhutshelwa ivela emzimbeni kwiseli. Siphela kunye namasebe ukwakha unxibelelwano namanye luvo okanye kwizihlunu omzimba.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iiseli zemithambo-luvo uyakwazi ukuqhuba zizimvo ngokungqongqo kwicala elinye.

Nerve inyama iye iindidi ezintathu iiseli zemithambo-luvo:

1.Afferentnye - ukuvelisa isizukulwana ukubetha.

2.Effektornye - lenze abasemagunyeni zeethishu ukuthatha inyathelo. Ezi ziquka luvo zeemoto kunye neeseli neurosecretory (inxaxheba kwinkqubo okutsha).

3. ezokunxulumana - fomu unxibelelwano phakathi iiseli zemithambo-luvo.

luvo amele iinkqubo luvo Zingafanelana lemmotsitami. Ba unmyelinated kunye myelinated. Kuxhomekeka isakhiwo zabo, zibandakanywa enjengesakhiwo yinxalenye luvo.

luvo ayekise izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ebizwa kwalapho kunye zabo enxulumene nge amalaphu ifayibha kunye izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ekupheleni ezimbini iintlobo: affectors kunye leesynapse. Le excitation yokuqala ikhutshwa phandle phezu laphu ifayibha, owesibini, phezu koko, ifayibha phezu laphu.

Kwakhona, inyama luvo iye glia, oko kukuthi, iqela leeseli abafunyanwa phakathi iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Ezi seli enze imisebenzi efana zokuzikhusela, secretory, lahlule, kunye nenkxaso trophic. Bona inxaxheba ekwenzeni excitation lwe imicu ngexesha ngokutsha yabo angakwazi.

Ngoko ke, ucinga ukuba umsebenzi izihlunu luvo, zezi zilandelayo: imveliso kunye Uhanjiso lwemiqondiso zombane, isimemezelo kunye nokugcinwa kwinkumbulo ulwazi oluthile, ukuthatha inxaxheba ekubunjweni yokuziphatha, iingcinga neemvakalelo.

Ngenxa yoko, i ht i ezizodwa kakhulu uhlobo ngelaphu, equka iiseli, imicu neziphelo kunye glia. Iiseli badla ukuqaphela nokurhawuzela yimincili, ivelisa la ezithile, aze emva koko nokudlulisela kubo. Ngenxa kule zomzimba libandakanyeka ukuhlanganiswa, ukuhlanganisa, lithathelwe onke amalungu, iinkqubo kunye nezihlunu emzimbeni womntu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, xa izicwili luvo nto sikuyo isibetho, ubunzima zonke izinto zifakiwe kumafa yayo. Kulo mzekelo, kusenokubakho iinkqubo lwezidumbu, umz, nangokurhala, ithumba okanye ezinye iziphene enokuchaphazela luvo. Tshintsha okanye ukulahleka izinto kwi-NT ziye mababuyekezwe ekukhuleni kwizicwili okanye uphuhliso cysts.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba luvo xa iyonke ubunjwe izihlunu-luvo, yaye apho ukwenza zonke iinkqubo emzimbeni womntu.