Radiation Beta

Eziba athom ezithile luphawulwa kukungazinzi, nto leyo ebonakaliswa ubuchule babo utshintshwano (ukubola ezizenzekelayo), sikhatshwe ukukhutshwa radiation (ionizing radiation). Eyona hlobo luqhelekileyo ukubola Inyukliya yemisebe beta.

Imitha wabiza microparticles kunye kwiinkalo ngeenkalo emzimbeni, banayo ubuchule ionize izinto. It ekhona kuze ukufunxeka okunexabiso nayiphi na into. Imithombo kwimitha (izibonelelo zenyukliya zobugcisa okanye nje izinto radioactive) bayakwazi, ngokungafaniyo kukho imitha kakhulu ixesha elide kakhulu. radiation Natural ekhoyo ebomini bethu rhoqo. radiation Ionizing khona phambi kokuzalwa kwehlabathi iintlobo yokuqala yobomi.

radiation Beta - kuba njengomlambo gqolo positrons kunye elektroni, ezo ukhutshiwe beta kuwohloka atomic radioactive. Loo ukubola uphawu hayi zonke athom, kodwa kuphela izinto ezithile. Electron (okanye positrons) akhiwa kule umphakathi kwi ukuguqulwa neutron ukuba protons okanye ngenye indlela. Amasuntswana ezizinzileyo onesiphumo, apho akukho ntlawulo kunye nobunzima lokuphumla, wabiza neutrinos kunye antineutrinos.

Xa ukubola electronic kwakhiwa ezingundoqo, apho inani protons linyuke mnye, xa kuthelekiswa nemali phambi ukubola. Xa i uyaguga intlawulo zenyukliya nganye kwiyunithi kunciphisa. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, inani ngobuninzi akatshintshi.

elektroni ezintweni (okanye positrons) ilifa amandla ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya ongu amandla Em (elingana MeV ezininzi).

radiation Beta uba spectrum amandla oluqhubekayo. Amanqanaba Amandla ngumongo kunye ekhethekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa ukubola nganye koko iya kukhululwa amandla entsha. ukuqhubeka okunjalo ukukhutshwa spectra ngenxa yokuba lo ukubola yokuba amandla atom excess enokuthi isasazwe phakathi isisi ngokwahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, lo neutrinos spectrum sele ukhutshiwe ngexesha ukubola kwamazinyo, oko linophawu phambili.

Kulinganiswa beta spectrometers radiation beta, zokubala ezikhethekileyo beta kunye namagumbi ionization

izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo eqhumayo zokonakala, xa ikhatshwa ukukhutshwa olu hlobo, ekuthiwa beta-emitters. Ezi ziquka izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo sulphur (S35), phosphorus (32P), calcium (Ca45) kunye nabanye. Ukuba Ukubola ezingahambi gamma zokukhanya, ibizwa ngokuba radiation beta ecocekileyo.

emitters abaninzi (32P, 14C, Ca45, S35, njl) Yaye ezisetyenziswa radioisotope zokuxilonga kunye esetyenziselwa iinjongo zovavanyo.

Ehambahamba iziyobisi, reyi beta (beta radiation) esinxibelelana eziba athom kunye elektroni, inkcitho kuyo onke amandla abo phantse ngokupheleleyo ukuyeka intshukumo yayo. Indlela udlula iziyobisi beta-yamasuntswana, ebizwa mileage. Lubonakaliswa grams sentimitha square (zibonakaliswe njenge g / cm2) nganye.

radiation Beta uyakwazi ukungena kwi ophilileyo izihlunu umzimba ukuya kubunzulu ngeesentimitha eziyi-2. Ukukhusela kumaza olunjalo yokuhlola Plexiglas ubukhulu efanelekileyo.

-Beta reyi imele enye yeendidi ionizing kwemitha. Xa edlula ray balahlekelwe kweziyobisi amandla ebangela ionization. Ukufunxeka amandla eliphakathi kunokubangela eziliqela iinkqubo zamabanga umbandela lowo unenzondelelo zokukhanya. Umzekelo, oku kwenzeka chweba, reactions imitha-kwemichiza, ukutshintsha isakhiwo crystal kwezinto njalo njalo. D. Kanye njengezinye iintlobo radiation, reyi beta abe neziphumo radiobiological.

Ukusetyenziswa radiation beta amayeza isekelwe umthondo yalo iimpawu laphu. Rays ezisetyenziswa phezulu, Embi kunye intracavitary nonyango radiation.