Daniel Bernoulli: engobomi, iifoto, igalelo kuphuhliso theory lilonke

ngekhulu XVII - an yobudala wokukhanya. Xa amasebe amaninzi imikhosi ulwazi iingqondo obuphambili isiseko zonqulo lokwazi ihlabathi indawo yesayensi nje. A isenzeko ekhethekileyo inkqubo - usapho Bernoulli, nto leyo izazinzulu-class kwihlabathi eziliqela. Elinye lamagama ezigqamileyo kule kumnyele - Daniyeli Bernoulli. Isikali lweetalente imidla eyahluka zophando, yena safana abaphengululi omkhulu Renaissance. Sinokholo ezingundoqo amanye amalungu entsapho yakhe kwizizukulwana ezizayo kukunika imathematika njengesixhobo jikelele uphando kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi - physics, chemistry, ibhayoloji kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Mathematics njengoko yomkhaya

Kwiminyanya entsapho Bernoulli babeziinzalelwane EFlanders, ukusuka kummandla we-Southern Netherlands, apho kamva yaba yinxalenye eBelgium. E Antwerp, apho wayehlala omnye zomawokhulu, intsapho odumileyo - uYakobi, waqala ukuhlukunyezwa abaxhasi kobuProtestanti, eziquka Bernoulli. Kwanyanzeleka ukuba aye kuqala eJamani yaye emva koko ku Basel, apho wafumana ngummi Swiss. Unyana kaYakobi - uNicholas, ngubani emthini ngokwemilibo yabo usapho elijongene oneqhuzu, wayenabantwana 11. Waba ngunozala ubukhosi odumileyo zemathematika. Omnye oonyana bakaYakobi - uJohann - wafundisa kwiYunivesithi of Groningen. Esi sixeko Dutch January 29, 1700 kwaye wazalwa Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782 gg.).

Xa ikamva sisazinzulu enkulu wayeneminyaka-5 ubudala, uJohann Bernoulli nentsapho yakhe babuyela Basel, apho wafumana isithuba of uprofesa wezibalo. Emva kokuba wabandakanyeka ukuyilwa kaDaniyeli, kwaye kwacaca ukuba baphiwe kungekho ngaphantsi kwe nabazalwana bakhe - uYakobi uNicholas Jr. Kodwa uJohann uDaniyeli ekucingelwa ukuba nenzuzo - umrhwebi okanye medical - umsebenzi, ngoko, xa ekufuna, kwiminyaka eli-15 Daniel Bernoulli waba ngowokuqala ukuba bafunde amayeza kwiYunivesithi Basel, yaye emva koko kwi-German Heidelberg.

Medicine kunye nezibalo

Inzala kwi sifundo aqukuqela kumajelo eendaba elulwelo kunye sukube kwabonakala uDaniyeli, xa waba ngumfundi igqirha odumileyo IsiNgesi uWilliam Harvey. Yena familiarized ngenyameko kunye nomsebenzi wayo wafunda kwegazi emzimbeni womntu - Harvey waba pervootkryvatem ejikeleza ezinkulu nezincinane.

Kungekudala Daniel Bernoulli wasivuna ithisisi kwaye zama ukufumana isithuba ngutitshala. Ngoxa ukhetho labaviwa idla olwenziwe ngeqashiso. Ilinge le-nzulu eselula aluphumelelanga, kodwa yaba unobangela umdla yakhe imiba zemathematika e-worldwork theory lilonke.

Ngowe-1724 UDaniyeli wafudukela eVenice ukuqhubeka ukufunda amayeza practical igqirha odumileyo Antonio Michelotti.

Daniel I.

E Italy, waba wagula kakhulu, kodwa baqhubeka nocwaningo lwakhe. Wachitha ixesha elininzi experimenti ukufumana regularities kwi ukuziphatha kwamanzi xa aqukuqela ephuma isikhongozeli watyhutyha ilizwe kwimibhobho yamacandelo ahlukeneyo emnqamlezweni. Lo msebenzi esekwe igunya lakhe endle entsha physics, koko wathi hydrodynamics.

Ngowe-1725 Daniel Bernoulli wamenyelwa yi-Russian uKumkanikazi uCatherine I kuthatha isithuba zentloko yeSebe beMathematika kwi-Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg. Oko kwabalelwa kuye, njengoko ingcali ebonakalayo hydrodynamics, ekudaleni ukuxubana nemithombo Peterhof.

Stay sesayensi eRashiya yabalasela yintlekele - iinyanga 9 emva kokufika kwakhe eSt Petersburg wabulawa umkhuhlane ababeze kunye naye umzalwana Nicholas. Nangona umoya ezinzima wahamba naye ngoxa lakhe lonke kwilizwe langaphandle, Daniyeli wangenisa izinto ngomsebenzi wayo ophambili lwenzululwazi - "Dynamics Fluid", epapashwe ngo-1738. It yaqulunqa izibonelelo ezisisiseko imithetho kucacisa uhlobo lokusetyenziswa kwemali xa ulwelo kunye neegesi, bafumene igama Bernoulli.

Bekhaya yenza izazinzulu ukuba bangenise izicelo kwizithuba e Basel, apho ngo-1733 waza wabuyela kuDaniyeli Bernoulli. ngobomi bakhe iye yafakelwa ezinxulumene kuphela kulo mzi, apho wahlala uninterruptedly de kwasa ekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1782.

Ubudlelwane kunye noyise

Xa, ngo-1734, noDaniyeli "Hydrodynamics" lakhe ukhuphiswano e-Paris Academy of Sciences, kwathi imbangi kwakhe uyise. isigqibo Academy yaba ukuvumelana, kodwa ukuba nomsindo phezu inxalenye umzali. Daniel Bernoulli no Johann Bernoulli elingana wathi abaphumeleleyo, kodwa ukuba kwi neqonga unyana wakhe kwabonakala ukuba ngunjingalwazi hlisa endala.

Ubudlelwane kunye noyise uDaniyeli sele yahlukana, nangona umnqweno ukumisela unyana wabo. Xa le ncwadi "Hydrodynamics" eStrasbourg ngo-1738, yena bembuza wongezelela igama lakhe kwiphepha lesihloko ", unyana uJohann." Kodwa Bernoulli lenkulu lalinguLeya ezazingasombululeki. Emva konyaka, wapapasha incwadi yakhe "hydraulics". Oku yomhla ngokungqalileyo 1732, ukuze abonise kuqala.

Daniel Bernoulli kwaye igalelo lakhe kuphuhliso kwithiyori lilonke

Xa "Comment St. Petersburg Academy" Bernoulli lapapasha iphepha apho kokuqwalasela ingxelo, ebizwa ngokuba eSt Petersburg kephofu. Bababalisela umdlalo, okokuqala ekubhekiswe mtshana sikaDaniyeli - uNicholas: aphosa ingqekembe kwi-amaxesha n uwile "Yokhozi" kuzisa umdlali ukuwina-mali ka-2 ukuya ngamandla n zemali. izibalo Mathematical ye amathuba edl kukhokelela inani ongapheliyo, kodwa nengqiqo kubonisa ukuba imivuzo inxaxheba umdlalo kufuneka ixabiso ezisikelwe. Ngelo isigqibo indida kaDaniyeli isebenzisa indawo amathemba lokuzuza yokuziphatha kwakunye ukuzalana lilonke kunye eluncedo zobuqu.

Esinye isifundo ebalulekileyo Bernoulli kule ndawo ngenxa kumsebenzi eziphambili kaDaniyeli - medical - kwaye ezintsha amasebe ezenzululwazi, izibalo zemathematika kunye nethiyori yeempazamo. Wapapasha iphepha ukusebenza gonyo nxamnye ekupheliseni ingqakaqa.

lemveli

umsebenzi Daniila Bernulli kwi kwithiyori umehluko zibalo baziswa kakhulu kwimathematika "olunyulu". A physics lwezibalo - intsimi lenzululwazi, apho inzululwazi igqalwa wabaseki.

Le wagon sezinto kodwa imithetho ebalulekileyo nemiba fluid, Bernoulli bazizityebi ingcamango entshukumo zegesi kunye ngobhalo luthambe, nto leyo isihloko uthotho imisebenzi bomtya ehlokomayo. omoya Modern kusekelwe kwiziphumo ezenziwe okokuqala uDaniyeli.

Paris, Berlin, Bologna, eSt Petersburg Academy of Sciences, i Royal Society - ilungu imibutho yenzululwazi UDaniyeli Bernoulli. Photo ne isithombe sakhe Uyabahombisa iindonga zamaziko ezininzi ngenzululwazi sokuphatha igama lakhe, kuquka ilebhu kwi-Institute of Complex Systems Mathematical Research MSU.