Mandelshtam Nadezhda: biography nezin

Mandelshtam Nadezhda ... Lo mfazi emangalisayo ubomi bakhe, ukufa kunye neenkumbulo abangela isiyaluyalu enkulu zizifundiswa Russian kwaye Western, ukuba mpikiswano malunga nendima yayo banesifo ezinzima yaye novalo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kwimbali yobomi bakhe kunye nelifa uncwadi sihlala kude kube ngoku. Wakwazi yokuxabana mtshato kumacala omabini kumbiyo abahlobo bangaphambili. Wahlala ethembekile ilifa echaza indoda sel oswelekileyo Osip Hope. Ngenxa yakhe, gcina omninzi umsebenzi wakhe. Kodwa nje ukuba wenza imbali Against Hope. Iinkumbulo yomfazi ukwenza umthombo yokwenene yembali ixesha eyoyikekayo zocindezelo kaStalin.

ebuntwaneni

Le ntombazana ukwazi abanamakhono wazalwa ngo-1899 kwintsapho amaYuda Khazin, abakhetha ubuKristu. Utata njengegqwetha, kunye nomama wakhe wayesebenza ngugqirha. Nadia intombi omncinane. Ekuqaleni, intsapho yakhe babehlala Saratov, waza ke waya eKiev. Apho ndaza ndafunda Hope elizayo. Ithemba weza lomthambo lwabasetyhini kunye phambili kakhulu ngexesha kwenkqubo yemfundo. Asizizo zonke izinto banikwa kuye kakuhle ngokulinganayo, kodwa inkoliso yabo bonke uyalithanda ibali. Abazali ngoko unawo amandla, ukuba ahambe nentombi yakhe ukuba ahambe. Ngaloo ndlela, Nadia wakwazi kutyelela eSwitzerland, eJamani, France. imfundo ephakamileyo ayikagqitywa, nangona yena wangena umthetho sokuzikhethela Kiev University. Ithemba wayeyithanda ukupeyinta, ngaphandle iminyaka waduma enzima revolution.

Ukuthanda ebomini

Eli xesha ke romantic kakhulu ebomini sentombazana. Ukusebenza e Kiev in a studio, wadibana imbongi abaselula. Wayeneminyaka elinethoba ubudala, yaye lweli "uthando kangangeyure", ngoko ke leyo kakhulu kunene udumile. Ngoko ke, ulwalamano phakathi abafana abe eqiniselweendlwini, ngosuku lokuqala. Kodwa Osip ukuze wamthanda kunye lomculi embi kodwa umtsalane elaphumelela intliziyo yakhe. Kamva, wathi wayebonakala ukuba bazive ngathi banalo ixesha elifutshane ukuze omnye nomnye. Laba nditshatile, yaye ngoku intsapho ngokwenene - Mandelshtam Nadezhda Osip. Indoda kakhulu unomona umfazi oselula yaye akazange afune ukuba ahlukane nayo. Osip walondoloza iileta ezininzi emfazini wakhe, uqinisekise amabali aziqhelileyo iimvakalelo lwentsapho ezibe phakathi amaqabane.

"Black" iminyaka

Kodwa ke ubomi bentsapho kwakungekho kamnandi kangaka. Osip wajika yokubonisana nesikrexezayo, Ithemba nomona. Babehlala ubuhlwempu, yaye kuphela ngo-1932 bafumana indawo enamagumbi amabini eMoscow. Kwaye ngo 1934 imbongi Hope wabanjwa ngenxa imibongo nxamnye Stalin wagwetywa iminyaka emithathu ekuthinjweni komzi Chernyn (kwi Kama River). Kodwa njengoko nati ingcinezelo ngoko nje ukuqalisa ujikeleza, Mandelshtam Nadezhda wafumana imvume kunye nomyeni wakhe. Koko, emva kobuxhakaxhaka abahlobo anempembelelo, Osip isigwebo saba isalelo bakhe bahlala kwizixeko ezinkulu waseUSSR, kwaye sibini waya Voronezh. Kodwa ukubanjwa waqhekeza imbongi. Waba Ukuziva udakumbile kunye nodlame, wazama ukuba kuzibulala, waqala ubunzima nemibono. Esi sibini wazama ukuba abuyele eMoscow, kodwa zange ukufumana imvume. Kwaye ngo-1938, Osip wabanjwa okwesibini, wambulala inkampu sendleleni kwiimeko ncam.

Uvalo flight

Mandelshtam Nadezhda wasala yedwa. Engazi ngokufa komyeni wakhe, yena wabhala ileta kumqukumbelo, apho wazama ukucacisa oko ebona imidlalo zabantwana ngoku ingxabano zabo elidlulileyo kwaye azisole ngayo ngaloo maxesha. Emva koko waziva ubomi bakhe lusizi kuba abayazi le intlungu. Wamphatha ngqangi umyeni wakhe. Wayesaba ukhangelo kunye abanjwe, ukuba uyigcine yonke into edaliweyo, ezifana izibongo, kunye iprozi. Ngoko ke, Against Hope badla endaweni ethile. Kwidolophu esibizwa kuyo wambamba iindaba ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, yaye yena nonina babalekiswa kuMbindi Asia.

Ukususela ngo-1942, yena uhlala e Tashkent, apho utitshala IsiNgesi i kugudiswa yangaphandle kwisikolo esiphakamileyo kunye nemisebenzi. Emva kwemfazwe, Ithemba wafudukela Ulyanovsk, uze - in Chita. Ngowe-1955, waba yintloko kwisebe IsiNgesi kwi Chuvash zokufundisa Institute, apho ndikhusela ithisisi yakhe.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngowe-1958, Mandelshtam Nadezhda Yakovlevna umva kwaye luzika kufuphi eMoscow, kwidolophu Tarusa. Zininzi Ababesakuba ngamabanjwa opolitiko ubomi kwaye ndawo lidumile phakathi uso. Kwaba kukhona Ithemba ubhala yakhe, yena iqala okokuqala ukupapasha phantsi elabo. Kodwa umhlala azikho ngokwaneleyo ebomini bakhe, yaye kwakhona ufumana umsebenzi kwi Pskov zokufundisa Institute. Ngowe-1965, Against Hope ekugqibeleni ufumana enegumbi elinye igumbi eMoscow. Waye wachitha iminyaka yokugqibela apho. Xa umfazi wakhe kwigumbi njengehlwempu ikwazile ukugcina salon boncwadi, ezenza lwaminyaka kuphela Russian; kodwa ke nezazi Koloni. Ngelo xesha Ithemba isigqibo sokuba ipapashe incwadi memoirs akhe West - eNew York no Paris. Ngowe-1979, waqala ukuba neengxaki entliziyweni ukusa kwinqanaba lokuba kakhulu, ukuba sele emiselweyo alale. Amalungiselelo ecaleni umsebenzi wakhe clock poseli. NgoDisemba 29, 1980 oko Wawafumana ukufa. Ndiyathemba ukuba ukufunda inkonzo yokungcwaba kwi Orthodox rite, waza wangcwatywa ngoJanuwari 2 kunyaka ozayo kwi Troekurov yamangcwaba.

Against Hope: le ncwadi kunye indlela kubo ababephila

Ukususela ekudalweni yale ophikisana nesimangalo eyona nto idume ngayo "Memoirs" yakhe, apapashwa eNew York ngowe-1970, kwakunye ezongezelelweyo 'ncwadi yesibini "(Paris, 1972). Loo nto iye yabangela yokusabela elibukhali ukususela abanye babahlobo Hope. Bafumanisa ukuba umfazi Osipa Mandelshtama ukutyhefa izibakala kwaye sizama ukulungisa amanqaku wobuqu memoirs zakhe. Nje ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe wabona ukukhanya Ithemba "Incwadi Okwesithathu" (Paris, 1978). On iimali zabo, yena regaled abahlobo kunye bathenga izipho. Ukongeza, onke kwiindawo ezigcinayo indoda yakhe, imbongi Osip Hope, umhlolokazi unikezele Princeton University eUnited States. Akazange kuyifikelela nokuvuselelwa imbongi enkulu close wathi phambi kokufa kwakhe ukuba balinde kuyo. Oku kwakunjalo, Nadezhda Hope. Biography lo mfazi nenkalipho isixelela ukuba nkqu kule minyaka 'abamnyama' inokuba yindoda yokwenene, enesidima.