Ukuhanjiswa kwemali kagesi kudala yiphi intsimi?

Iqiniso lokuba inkokhelo yombane ehambayo iyakha iindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunokuba yinto ehambelana nentlawulo kwindawo esesidlangalaleni. Kwi-ether, apho indawo ingaphazamiseki khona, iindleko zilinganayo. Ngoko ke, kuthiwa yi-magnetically kunye ne-electrical neutral.

Masiqwalasele ngokubhekiselele ekuziphatheni kweso sikhokhelo ngokwahlukileyo, ngokuthelekisana nendawo esecaleni, kwaye siza kucinga ngomgaqo weGalileo, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo malunga nenkolelo ye-Einstein: yinyani ngokwenene?

Ukwahlukana phakathi kweentlawulo ezihambayo kunye nezisigxina

Umrhumo owodwa, omileyo, udala inkundla yombane, enokuthiwa ngumphumo we-deher ye-ether. Umrhumo wombane ohambayo udala zombini ugesi kunye nensimu yamandla. Kufunyenwe kuphela ngomnye umrhumo, oko kukuthi, ngombane. Kuye kwenzeka ukuba iindleko zokuphumla nokuhambayo kwi-ether azilingani. Ngendlela ehambayo kunye neye- rectilinear, i- charge ayiyi kukhanya kwaye ayiyi kulahleka amandla. Kodwa njengenxalenye yayo isetyenziswe ekudaleni insimu yamagnetic, amandla alo myalelo uya kuba ngaphantsi.

Umzekelo wokuququzelela ukuqonda

Kulula ukucinga ngomzekelo. Ukuba sithatha iintlawulo ezimbini ezifanayo kunye nokuzibeka kude ukuze amasimi angakwazi ukusebenzisana, omnye wabo uya kushiywa kwaye enye iya kususwa. Ukuhlawulwa kokuqala, ukukhawuleza kuyadingeka okuya kudala intsimi yamandla. Icandelo lamandla alo mhlaba liya kuhanjiswa kumbane okhethwa yi-electromagnetic ukuya kwindawo engapheliyo engayi kubuya njenge- electromotive force of self-induction xa iphelile. Ngoncedo lenye inxalenye yamandla okutshaja, insimu yamagnetic rhoqo iya kudalwa (phantsi komqathango wokuhlawula i-speed velocity). Nguwo amandla okudambisa i-ether. Ngendlela yokuhamba, i- magnetic field iya kuhlala isesigxina. Ukuba siyaqhathanisa iintlawulo ezimbini, ukufuduka kuya kuba namandla angaphantsi. Yonke inkohlakalo yintsimi ye- electromagnetic yenkcitho ehambayo, apho kufuneka asebenzise amandla.

Ngaloo ndlela, kuyacaca ukuba zombini ukutshatyalaliswa kwimeko karhulumente kunye namandla ahluke kakhulu. Inkundla yamandla isebenza ngokusisigxina kunye nokuhambisa iintlawulo. Kodwa eli lizayo lichaphazeleka yintsimi yamandla. Ngako oko, zombini amandla kunye nabanokuthi bangaphantsi.

Iindleko zokuhambisa kunye nomgaqo kaGalleo

Umbuso wezo zombini iindleko nazo zilandelwa kumzimba ohambayo ongenakususwa ongekho ukuhambisa iintlobo zeengqungquthela. Futhi umgaqo kaGalleo apha ungashunyayelwa ngokucacileyo: umzimba ongekho hlangothi kumbane, ohamba ngokufanayo kunye nokuhlaziywa, awunakuqhathaniswa nento ekuphumayo ngokubhekiselele kuMhlaba. Kubonakala ukuba imizimba ayihambisani nombane kwaye ihlawuliswa ngokwazo ngokwahlukileyo kwiimeko zokuphumla kunye nokunyakaza. Umgaqo waseGalili awukwazi ukusetyenziswa kwi-ether kwaye ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa kwiziko elithintekayo.

Ukungahambisani nomgaqo wemibutho ehlawulisiweyo

Iingcamango kwaye zisebenza kulezo ziko ezidala umrhumo wombane ohambayo, namhlanje uqokelele kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, uHeaviside wabonisa ukuba i-vector yombane eyenziwe yintlawulo iyakuma kwimihlaba yonke. Imigane yamagnetic, eyenziwa ngetyala lokuhamba xa lihamba, lijikeleza, kwaye kumaziko abo yimizila yokunyuswa. Omnye usosayensi, uSearle, wasombulula ingxaki yokusasazwa kwerhafu kwinkqubo. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ivelisa intsimi efana neyokuba inkokhelo yombane ehambayo idala, nangona ukuba le mizuzu ayiyiyo yenkalo, kodwa i-spheroid enexinzelelo apho i-axis e-polar ijoliswe kuyo. Kamva, u-Morton wabonisa ukuba kwi-sphere efudumeleyo, ukuxininisa emgangathweni akuyi kuguquka, kodwa imigqa yamandla ayisayi kushiya kwi-angle ye-90 degrees.

Amandla azungeze i-sphere aya kuba mkhulu xa ehamba, kunokuba ixesha liza kuphumla. Oku kungenxa yokuba, ngaphezu kwendawo yombane, insimu yamagnetic iphinda ibonakale ecaleni kwendawo yokuhamba, njengokuba kunjalo kwintlawulo. Ngoko ke, ukwenzela ukwenza umsebenzi, isantya somgangatho ohlawulwayo siya kuba mkhulu kunokuba lowo ongabandakanyekanga ngombane. Kanye kunye nenkokhelo, ubunzima obusebenzayo bendawo buya kwanda. Ababhali banokuqiniseka ukuba oku kubangelwa ukufakelwa kwe-convection yangoku, apho ukuhlawula kombane okuhambayo kubangela ukususela ekuqaleni kwesiphakamiso. Ngaloo ndlela, umgaqo kaGalleo uyabonwa njengongenakulinganiswa kumabhunga ahlawulwe ngombane.

Iingcamango zikaEinstein kunye ne-ether

Emva koko kuyacaca ukuba kungani uEinstein engazange abeke indawo kwi-ether kwi-SRT. Emva koko, into yokuba ukuqonda ubukho be-ether sele ibonakalise umgaqo wokulingana kwamafomathi angenalutho kunye azimele. Kwaye, kwakhona, isiseko se-STR.